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Jau-ho Jean - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cofiring of integrated magnetic/dielectric laminates
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Y N Tung, Jau-ho Jean, T M Peng, S C LinAbstract:Stress development during Cofiring a bi-layer ferrite/dielectric laminate has been investigated by measuring camber development and shrinkage rate difference. The trend of camber development follows a similar pattern to the linear shrinkage rate difference between ferrite and dielectric ceramics. No Cofiring defects are observed in the multilayer structure of ferrite and dielectric laminates, indicating that good sintering compatibility between BZN and NiCuZn ferrite exists during Cofiring.
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Effects of green density difference on camber development during the Cofiring of a bi-layer glass-based dielectric laminate
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2011Co-Authors: Meng-ju Chiang, Jau-ho JeanAbstract:Abstract Effects of green density difference on camber and stress development during the Cofiring of a bi-layer glass-based dielectric laminate have been investigated. A larger shrinkage rate is observed for the tape with a lower green density, toward which camber develops during Cofiring. The sintering mismatch stress, which is calculated from the camber development during Cofiring, is much less than those of sintering potentials. Similar data are also obtained for the stress calculated using the linear shrinkage rate difference from the dilatometric measurements. The above results account for the absence of defects, such as de-densification, de-bonding and channel cracks in the cofired multilayer laminates.
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key factors controlling camber behavior during the Cofiring of bi layer ceramic dielectric laminates
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2005Co-Authors: Rungtsung Hsu, Jau-ho JeanAbstract:A bi-layer low-temperature-cofired ceramic laminate with different dielectric constants has been used to investigate the key factors controlling camber behavior during Cofiring. Camber development, which is caused by the linear shrinkage rate difference between dielectrics, becomes more significant with decreasing thickness of dielectric. No Cofiring defects, such as de-densification, de-bonding, and channel cracks, are observed in the multilayer structure of mixed dielectric laminates. This is because of the fact that a common sintering flux is used in both dielectrics, and the sintering mismatch stress generated in the dielectric layer is less than that of sintering potential.
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Cofiring kinetics and mechanisms of an ag metallized ceramic filled glass electronic package
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2005Co-Authors: Jau-ho Jean, Chia-ruey ChangAbstract:Cofiring kinetics and mechanisms of an Ag-based ceramic-filled glass packaging system have been investigated. Boundary diffusion controlled solid-state sintering is identified as the controlling densification mechanism of the Ag film. For ceramic-filled glass tape, which is a mixture of glass and ceramic powders, the sintering kinetics are controlled by the viscous flow of low-softening-point glass. With the densification results of Ag film and ceramic-filled glass tape, the camber development during Cofiring of a two-layerd structure of Ag film/ceramic-filled glass tape can be theoretically predicted by viscous analysis, which also agrees well with experimental observations.
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Effects of Silver‐Paste Formulation on Camber Development during the Cofiring of a Silver‐Based, Low‐Temperature‐Cofired Ceramic Package
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2005Co-Authors: Chia-ruey Chang, Jau-ho JeanAbstract:The effects of silver-paste formulation on camber development during the Cofiring of a two-layered structure of a silver-based, low-temperature-cofired ceramic (LTCC) system have been investigated. The densification kinetics and mechanism of the silver film become more similar to that of LTCC as the amount of LTCC powder in the silver paste increases, which results in a smaller camber during Cofiring. By using the densification results of silver film and LTCC, camber development during Cofiring can be mathematically described by using viscous analysis, which agrees well with the experimental observations.
Chia-ruey Chang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cofiring kinetics and mechanisms of an ag metallized ceramic filled glass electronic package
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2005Co-Authors: Jau-ho Jean, Chia-ruey ChangAbstract:Cofiring kinetics and mechanisms of an Ag-based ceramic-filled glass packaging system have been investigated. Boundary diffusion controlled solid-state sintering is identified as the controlling densification mechanism of the Ag film. For ceramic-filled glass tape, which is a mixture of glass and ceramic powders, the sintering kinetics are controlled by the viscous flow of low-softening-point glass. With the densification results of Ag film and ceramic-filled glass tape, the camber development during Cofiring of a two-layerd structure of Ag film/ceramic-filled glass tape can be theoretically predicted by viscous analysis, which also agrees well with experimental observations.
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Effects of Silver‐Paste Formulation on Camber Development during the Cofiring of a Silver‐Based, Low‐Temperature‐Cofired Ceramic Package
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2005Co-Authors: Chia-ruey Chang, Jau-ho JeanAbstract:The effects of silver-paste formulation on camber development during the Cofiring of a two-layered structure of a silver-based, low-temperature-cofired ceramic (LTCC) system have been investigated. The densification kinetics and mechanism of the silver film become more similar to that of LTCC as the amount of LTCC powder in the silver paste increases, which results in a smaller camber during Cofiring. By using the densification results of silver film and LTCC, camber development during Cofiring can be mathematically described by using viscous analysis, which agrees well with the experimental observations.
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effects of silver paste formulation on camber development during the Cofiring of a silver based low temperature cofired ceramic package
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2005Co-Authors: Chia-ruey Chang, Jau-ho JeanAbstract:The effects of silver-paste formulation on camber development during the Cofiring of a two-layered structure of a silver-based, low-temperature-cofired ceramic (LTCC) system have been investigated. The densification kinetics and mechanism of the silver film become more similar to that of LTCC as the amount of LTCC powder in the silver paste increases, which results in a smaller camber during Cofiring. By using the densification results of silver film and LTCC, camber development during Cofiring can be mathematically described by using viscous analysis, which agrees well with the experimental observations.
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effect of densification mismatch on camber development during Cofiring of nickel based multilayer ceramic capacitors
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2005Co-Authors: Jau-ho Jean, Chia-ruey Chang, Zhienchi ChenAbstract:The development of camber during the Cofiring of a two-layered structure of Ni-electrode/BaTiO3-dielectric as a function of temperature has been investigated. At a given thickness of Ni electrode, less camber and camber rate with increasing thickness of BaTiO3 dielectric have been observed. This phenomenon is attributed to the densification mismatch between the Ni electrode and the BaTiO3 dielectric during Cofiring. The mathematical analysis of camber development, based on a viscous model, shows significant agreement with experimental observations.
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camber development during Cofiring ag based low dielectric constant ceramic package
Journal of Materials Research, 1997Co-Authors: Jau-ho Jean, Chia-ruey ChangAbstract:Camber (curvature) development during Cofiring a two-layered structure of Ag film/low-dielectric-constant, low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) green tape has been investigated. At a given thickness of Ag film, both the camber and camber rate decrease linearly with increasing the square thickness of LTCC. Densification mismatch between Ag and LTCC is attributed to be the root cause for the camber generation during Cofiring. Mathematical analysis is made to theoretically describe the camber development, and the results show a fairly good agreement with experimental observations.
D. Tillman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DESIGNING AND OPPORTUNITY FUEL WITH BIOMASS AND TIRE-DERIVED FUEL FOR Cofiring AT WILLOW ISLAND GENERATING STATION AND Cofiring SAWDUST WITH COAL AT ALBRIGHT GENERATING STATION
2004Co-Authors: K. Payette, D. TillmanAbstract:During the period July 1, 2000-March 31, 2004, Allegheny Energy Supply Co., LLC (Allegheny) conducted an extensive demonstration of woody biomass Cofiring at its Willow Island and Albright Generating Stations. This demonstration, cofunded by USDOE and Allegheny, and supported by the Biomass Interest Group (BIG) of EPRI, evaluated the impacts of sawdust Cofiring in both cyclone boilers and tangentially-fired pulverized coal boilers. The Cofiring in the cyclone boiler--Willow Island Generating Station Unit No.2--evaluated the impacts of sawdust alone, and sawdust blended with tire-derived fuel. The biomass was blended with the coal on its way to the combustion system. The Cofiring in the pulverized coal boiler--Albright Generating Station--evaluated the impact of Cofiring on emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) when the sawdust was injected separately into the furnace. The demonstration of woody biomass Cofiring involved design, construction, and testing at each site. The results addressed impacts associated with operational issues--capacity, efficiency, and operability--as well as formation and control of airborne emissions such as NO{sub x}, sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}2), opacity, and mercury. The results of this extensive program are detailed in this report.
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PROGRESS REPORT: Cofiring PROJECTS FOR WILLOW ISLAND AND ALBRIGHT GENERATING STATIONS
2001Co-Authors: K. Payette, D. TillmanAbstract:During the period April 1, 2001--June 30, 2001, Allegheny Energy Supply Co., LLC (Allegheny) accelerated construction of the Willow Island Cofiring project, completed the installation of foundations for the fuel storage facility, the fuel receiving facility, and the processing building. Allegheny received all processing equipment to be installed at Willow Island. Allegheny completed the combustion modeling for the Willow Island project. During this time period construction of the Albright Generating Station Cofiring facility was completed, with few items left for final action. The facility was dedicated at a ceremony on June 29. Initial testing of Cofiring at the facility commenced. This report summarizes the activities associated with the Designer Opportunity Fuel program, and demonstrations at Willow Island and Albright Generating Stations. It details the construction activities at both sites along with the combustion modeling at the Willow Island site.
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Biomass Cofiring in full-sized coal-fired boilers
1999Co-Authors: S.i. Plasynski, E. Hughes, R. Costello, D. TillmanAbstract:Biomass Cofiring represents one alternative for reducing greenhouse gas emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil sources. Realizing this opportunity, the Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC), a field site of the Department of Energy (DOE), along with the EPRI, initiated a Program around two-years ago to research the feasibility of coal-fired boilers in Cofiring of biomass and other waste-derived fuels. The cooperative agreement between FETC and EPRI includes Cofiring at six different electric utility sites and one steam generation site. Boilers include wall-fired, tangential, cyclone, and stokers ranging in size from 15 to 500 MWe. Biomass consisting of wood (usually) and switchgrass (in two cases) will be the fuel, and pulp and plastics may be used in some waste-derived fuels Cofiring tests. This paper will focus only on the biomass cofired tests in electric utility boilers.
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USDOE/EPRI BIOMASS Cofiring COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT
1999Co-Authors: D. Tillman, E. HughesAbstract:During the period of April 1, 1999 through June 30, 1999, wood Cofiring testing at both Seward Generating Station of GPU Genco and Bailly Generating Station of Northern Indiana Public Service Company provided the focus for all activities. In both cases, the testing was directed at the impacts of Cofiring on efficiency, operability, and NO{sub x} emissions. This report summarizes the activities during the second calendar quarter in 1999 of the USDOE/EPRI Biomass Cofiring Cooperative Agreement. It focuses upon reporting the results of testing activities at both generating stations.
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Cofiring biofuels With coal: Results of 3 years of test programs
1998Co-Authors: D. Tillman, E. HughesAbstract:Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation and the Electric Power Research Institute have tested Cofiring of biofuels with coal in numerous cyclone boilers, tangentially-fired pulverized coal (PC) boilers, and well-fired PC boilers. Cofiring has been practiced at low percentages (< 5 percent by mass) and at moderate percentages (5--20 percent by mass, 2--10 percent by heat input). Biofuels have included green sawdust, dry sawdust, urban wood waste, and switchgrass. Boilers have been fueled with eastern bituminous coals, western bituminous coals, and Powder River Basin (PRB) subbituminous coals. Boilers have ranged in capacity from 32 Megawatts (MW) or 330,000 lb/hr of steam to 469 MW, and 3.45 {times} 10{sup 6} lb/hr of steam. Analyses of these tests have included impacts of Cofiring on boiler capacity, efficiency, operability, and the formation of such emissions as particulates and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). In general, the impact of Cofiring on capacity depends upon the type and extent of Cofiring practiced, and the base coal. The efficiency impacts are governed largely by the quality of the biofuel, the quality of the coal being fired, and the type of Cofiring practiced. Impacts of Cofiring on emissions are generally favorable, and are driven by particular mechanisms. This paper reviewsmore » the results of testing at 8 different locations. It highlights the advantages and unresolved issues associated with Cofiring and overviews the longer-term testing program now underway to commercialize the Cofiring family of technologies.« less
Koji Tokimatsu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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retrofitting existing coal power plants through Cofiring with hydrothermally treated empty fruit bunch and a novel integrated system
Applied Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Arif Darmawan, Dwika Budianto, Muhammad Aziz, Koji TokimatsuAbstract:Abstract High-potential biomass residues from the palm oil industry such as palm kernel shells and empty fruit bunch (EFB) must be utilized with the appropriate technology to optimize its economic benefit and minimize the environmental impacts. In this study, the Cofiring behavior of hydrothermally treated EFB (HT-EFB) with coal is analyzed in terms of thermal behavior including temperature distribution and the composition of gases produced (CO and CO 2 ) through computational fluid dynamics. Several HT-EFB mass fractions are evaluated, i.e., 0%, 10%, 25%, and 50%. To complement this research, an experimental study is conducted to validate the simulation results. In general, an HT-EFB mass fraction in the range of 10–25% seems to be the most preferable Cofiring condition. In addition, an integrated system is also proposed and evaluated including coal drying, HT treatment of EFB, Cofiring, and power generation. Very low energy consumption during coal drying and HT treatment of EFB can be achieved. Finally, the net power generation efficiency of the proposed integrated system is approximately 40% including coal drying and HT treatment of EFB processes.
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hydrothermally treated empty fruit bunch Cofiring in coal power plants a techno economic assessment
Energy Procedia, 2017Co-Authors: Arif Darmawan, Dwika Budianto, Muhammad Aziz, Koji TokimatsuAbstract:Abstract Co-firing biomass with coal is believed to be able to improve the domestic energy security in Indonesia. Hydrothermal treatment process prior to the combustion is needed to convert raw biomass into coal-like product. The main objective of this research is to demonstrate the technological, economic and environmental feasibility of the Cofiring coal with hydrothermally-treated empty fruit bunch (HT-EFB) through extensive laboratory investigations, simulations, system analyses and economic assessments from literature. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, HT-EFB mass fraction of 10 to 25% seems to be the most preferable Cofiring condition in term of temperature and produced gas compositions including CO 2 , CO, NO and SOx. An aspen plus simulation showed combining hydrothermal treatment with Cofiring in an integrated system power plant could be a positive way to generate electricity with overall energy efficiency 37.09%. Moreover, fuel production cost, EFB supply capacity from palm mills surrounding the power plants, and transportation cost are required parameters to be considered for developing large scale biomass Cofiring and integrated supply chain.
Xiangchun Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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low temperature Cofiring behavior of zntio3 dielectrics nizncu ferrite composites
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2009Co-Authors: Xiangchun Liu, Feng Gao, Jiaji Liu, Changsheng TianAbstract:Abstract The low-temperature Cofiring compatibility between ferrite and dielectric materials is the key issue in the production process of multilayer chip LC filters. In this paper, no camber and cracks multilayer composite samples were obtained by using restricted shrinkage sintering process. The Cofiring interface, ionic interdiffusion between constituents and dielectric properties of cofired composites were investigated. The results show that interfacial reactions occur at the interface, which can strengthen combinations between ferrite layers and dielectric layers. Iron and titanium have a wide diffusion range. Due to their low-firing characteristics and realizable Cofiring compatibility, ZnTiO3 dielectrics/NiZnCu hexagonal ferrite can serve as the promising medium materials in the multilayer LC filter.
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Low-temperature Cofiring behavior of ZnTiO3 dielectrics/NiZnCu ferrite composites
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2008Co-Authors: Xiangchun Liu, Feng Gao, Jiaji Liu, Changsheng TianAbstract:Abstract The low-temperature Cofiring compatibility between ferrite and dielectric materials is the key issue in the production process of multilayer chip LC filters. In this paper, no camber and cracks multilayer composite samples were obtained by using restricted shrinkage sintering process. The Cofiring interface, ionic interdiffusion between constituents and dielectric properties of cofired composites were investigated. The results show that interfacial reactions occur at the interface, which can strengthen combinations between ferrite layers and dielectric layers. Iron and titanium have a wide diffusion range. Due to their low-firing characteristics and realizable Cofiring compatibility, ZnTiO3 dielectrics/NiZnCu hexagonal ferrite can serve as the promising medium materials in the multilayer LC filter.