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Hiroshi Shimada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Venous Anatomy of the Right Colon
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, 2002Co-Authors: Shigeki Yamaguchi, Hiroya Kuroyanagi, Jeffrey W. Milsom, Richard Sim, Hiroshi ShimadaAbstract:PURPOSE: This study was designed to describe the precise venous anatomy of the right colon, which is especially important for laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. METHODS: Fifty-eight adult cadavers were dissected to define the three major venous tributaries of the right colon: the ileoColic vein, right Colic vein, and middle Colic vein. Two or three middle Colic veins were often present, and the biggest one was designated as the main middle Colic vein. The middle Colic vein and the right Colic vein occasionally formed a common trunk with the right gastroepiploic vein and/or the pancreaticoduodenal vein. This common trunk was defined as the gastroColic trunk. RESULTS: All 58 cadavers had a single ileoColic vein. All of the ileoColic veins drained into the superior mesenteric vein. The right Colic vein was absent in 56.9 percent (33/58), and the other 43.1 percent had a single right Colic vein. The right Colic vein joined the superior mesenteric vein directly in 56 percent (14/25) and the gastroColic trunk in 44 percent (11/25). The middle Colic vein was the most variable. A single middle Colic vein was present in 37.9 percent (22/58), 2 middle Colic veins were present in 50 percent (29/58), and 3 middle Colic veins were present in 12.1 percent (7/58). The main middle Colic vein drained into the superior mesenteric vein directly in 84.5 percent (49/58), whereas 12.1 percent (7/58) drained into the gastroColic trunk. In two cadavers, there was anomalous drainage of the main middle Colic vein to the splenic vein and the inferior mesenteric vein. Forty-three accessory middle Colic veins were present in total. These drained into the superior mesenteric vein in 17 cadavers and into the gastroColic trunk in 23. The gastroColic trunk was present in 69 percent (40/58), being formed with the right Colic vein in 27.5 percent (11/40; 1 was together with an accessory middle Colic vein) and with the middle Colic vein in 75 percent (30/40; 7 with the main middle Colic vein, 23 with the accessory middle Colic vein). CONCLUSION: Venous anatomy of the right colon is highly variable. It is especially important to recognize the lack of direct drainage of the right Colic vein to the superior mesenteric vein and the high frequency of the presence of plural middle Colic veins and the gastroColic trunk.
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Venous anatomy of the right colon: precise structure of the major veins and gastroColic trunk in 58 cadavers.
Diseases of the colon and rectum, 2002Co-Authors: Shigeki Yamaguchi, Hiroya Kuroyanagi, Jeffrey W. Milsom, Richard Sim, Hiroshi ShimadaAbstract:PURPOSE: This study was designed to describe the precise venous anatomy of the right colon, which is especially important for laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. METHODS: Fifty-eight adult cadavers were dissected to define the three major venous tributaries of the right colon: the ileoColic vein, right Colic vein, and middle Colic vein. Two or three middle Colic veins were often present, and the biggest one was designated as the main middle Colic vein. The middle Colic vein and the right Colic vein occasionally formed a common trunk with the right gastroepiploic vein and/or the pancreaticoduodenal vein. This common trunk was defined as the gastroColic trunk. RESULTS: All 58 cadavers had a single ileoColic vein. All of the ileoColic veins drained into the superior mesenteric vein. The right Colic vein was absent in 56.9 percent (33/58), and the other 43.1 percent had a single right Colic vein. The right Colic vein joined the superior mesenteric vein directly in 56 percent (14/25) and the gastroColic trunk in 44 percent (11/25). The middle Colic vein was the most variable. A single middle Colic vein was present in 37.9 percent (22/58), 2 middle Colic veins were present in 50 percent (29/58), and 3 middle Colic veins were present in 12.1 percent (7/58). The main middle Colic vein drained into the superior mesenteric vein directly in 84.5 percent (49/58), whereas 12.1 percent (7/58) drained into the gastroColic trunk. In two cadavers, there was anomalous drainage of the main middle Colic vein to the splenic vein and the inferior mesenteric vein. Forty-three accessory middle Colic veins were present in total. These drained into the superior mesenteric vein in 17 cadavers and into the gastroColic trunk in 23. The gastroColic trunk was present in 69 percent (40/58), being formed with the right Colic vein in 27.5 percent (11/40; 1 was together with an accessory middle Colic vein) and with the middle Colic vein in 75 percent (30/40; 7 with the main middle Colic vein, 23 with the accessory middle Colic vein). CONCLUSION: Venous anatomy of the right colon is highly variable. It is especially important to recognize the lack of direct drainage of the right Colic vein to the superior mesenteric vein and the high frequency of the presence of plural middle Colic veins and the gastroColic trunk.
Christopher J Proudman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Investigation of an outbreak of tapeworm-associated Colic in a training yard.
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Christopher J Proudman, Nicola HoldstockAbstract:Summary A novel serological assay which measures IgG(T) specific for a 12/13 kDa protein of the equine tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata was used as part of a Colic outbreak investigation. A training/rehabilitation yard for Thoroughbreds and Arabs was found to have an increasing incidence of Colic over a 5 year period, culminating in a peak incidence of 1.15 episodes/horse year at risk. Four animals suffered from ileal impaction Colic which necessitated surgical management. A case-control study design suggested a strong association between tapeworm infection and Colic, with evidence of a dose-response relationship. Intervention, in the form of anticestode anthelminthics, coincided with a decrease in the incidence of Colic and a fall in anti-12/13 kDa IgG(T) antibody levels of 8 horses monitored post-treatment. This study demonstrates that anthelminthic regimens, using exclusively ivermectin, may lead to an increase in tapeworm infection intensity which may in turn lead to an increased incidence of Colic. Furthermore, it provides support to the hypothesis that the risk of ileal impaction Colic and spasmodic Colic increases with tapeworm infection intensity. The practical application of the anti-12/13 kDa IgG(T) ELISA is demonstrated by this study.
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Epidemiology of impaction Colic in donkeys in the UK
BMC Veterinary Research, 2007Co-Authors: Christopher J Proudman, Andrew F Trawford, Faith Burden, Gina L PinchbeckAbstract:Background Colic (abdominal pain) is a clinical condition of serious concern affecting the welfare and survival of donkeys at the Donkey Sanctuary in the UK. One of the most commonly reported causes is due to impacted ingesta in the large intestine ("impaction Colic"). However little is known about the incidence of, or risk factors for, this condition. Here we describe the epidemiology of Colic in donkeys, specifically impaction Colic. We focus on temporal aspects of the disease and we identify environmental and management related risk factors for impaction Colic in UK donkeys. Results There were 807 Colic episodes in the population of 4596 donkeys between January 1^st 2000 and March 31^st 2005. The majority (54.8%) of episodes were due to a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of impaction of the gastrointestinal tract. The mortality risk for all Colics (51.1%) was higher than reported in other equids. The incidence rate of all Colics (5.9 episodes per 100 donkeys per year) and of impaction Colic (3.2 episodes) was similar to that in horses. A retrospective matched case-control study of all impaction Colics from January 2003 (193) indicated that older donkeys, those fed extra rations and those that previously suffered Colic were at increased risk of impaction. Lighter body weight, musculo-skeletal problems, farm and dental disease were also significantly associated with a diagnosis of impaction Colic. Conclusion To our knowledge this is the first study to estimate the incidence rate of Colic in a large population of donkeys in the UK. In contrast to other equids, impaction was the most commonly reported cause of Colic. We identified several risk factors for impaction Colic. Increasing age, extra rations and previous Colic are known risk factors for Colic in other equids. Results support the hypothesis that dental disease is associated with impaction Colic. Musculo-skeletal problems may be associated with Colic for various reasons including change in amount of exercise or time at pasture. Other associated factors (weight and farm) are the subject of further research. Identification of risk factors for impaction Colic may highlight high risk donkeys and may allow intervention strategies to be introduced to reduce the incidence of the disease.
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Epidemiology of impaction Colic in donkeys in the UK.
BMC veterinary research, 2007Co-Authors: Ruth Cox, Christopher J Proudman, Andrew F Trawford, Faith Burden, Gina PinchbeckAbstract:Background Colic (abdominal pain) is a clinical condition of serious concern affecting the welfare and survival of donkeys at the Donkey Sanctuary in the UK. One of the most commonly reported causes is due to impacted ingesta in the large intestine ("impaction Colic"). However little is known about the incidence of, or risk factors for, this condition. Here we describe the epidemiology of Colic in donkeys, specifically impaction Colic. We focus on temporal aspects of the disease and we identify environmental and management related risk factors for impaction Colic in UK donkeys.
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Is equine Colic seasonal? Novel application of a model based approach
BMC Veterinary Research, 2006Co-Authors: Debra C Archer, Christopher J Proudman, Gina L Pinchbeck, Helen E CloughAbstract:Background Colic is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in domesticated horses yet many questions about this condition remain to be answered. One such question is: does season have an effect on the occurrence of Colic? Time-series analysis provides a rigorous statistical approach to this question but until now, to our knowledge, it has not been used in this context. Traditional time-series modelling approaches have limited applicability in the case of relatively rare diseases, such as specific types of equine Colic. In this paper we present a modelling approach that respects the discrete nature of the count data and, using a regression model with a correlated latent variable and one with a linear trend, we explored the seasonality of specific types of Colic occurring at a UK referral hospital between January 1995–December 2004. Results Six- and twelve-month cyclical patterns were identified for all Colics, all medical Colics, epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE), equine grass sickness (EGS), surgically treated and large colon displacement/torsion Colic groups. A twelve-month cyclical pattern only was seen in the large colon impaction Colic group. There was no evidence of any cyclical pattern in the pedunculated lipoma group. These results were consistent irrespective of whether we were using a model including latent correlation or trend. Problems were encountered in attempting to include both trend and latent serial dependence in models simultaneously; this is likely to be a consequence of a lack of power to separate these two effects in the presence of small counts, yet in reality the underlying physical effect is likely to be a combination of both. Conclusion The use of a regression model with either an autocorrelated latent variable or a linear trend has allowed us to establish formally a seasonal component to certain types of Colic presented to a UK referral hospital over a 10 year period. These patterns appeared to coincide with either times of managemental change or periods when horses are more likely to be intensively managed. Further studies are required to identify the determinants of the observed seasonality. Importantly, this type of regression model has applications beyond the study of equine Colic and it may be useful in the investigation of seasonal patterns in other, relatively rare, conditions in all species.
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Epidemiological clues to preventing Colic.
Veterinary journal (London England : 1997), 2005Co-Authors: Debbie Archer, Christopher J ProudmanAbstract:Colic remains a significant problem in the horse in terms of welfare and economics; in some equine populations it is the single most common cause of death. Many causes of Colic are cited in the equestrian and veterinary literature but little scientific evidence exists to substantiate these theories. Recent epidemiological investigations have confirmed that Colic is complex and multi-factorial in nature. Studies have identified a number of factors that are associated with increased risk of Colic including parasite burden, certain feed types, recent change in feeding practices, stabling, lack of access to pasture and water, increasing exercise and transport. These findings are reviewed together with examples of management practices that may be altered to reduce the incidence of specific types of Colic. This is an opinionated, not a systematic, review focusing on those areas that are considered most relevant to the practitioner.
G L Pinchbeck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recurrent Colic in the horse incidence and risk factors for recurrence in the general practice population
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2011Co-Authors: C E Scantlebury, C J Proudman, D C Archer, G L PinchbeckAbstract:Summary Reasons for performing study: The frequency of recurrent Colic in the UK equine general practice population is previously unreported. Elucidating risk factors for recurrent Colic could provide a basis for clinical decision making and interventions. Objectives: To determine the incidence rate of and risk factors for recurrent Colic. Hypotheses: Horse management, prophylactic health care and innate behaviour contribute to the risk of recurrent Colic. Methods: A cohort of 127 horses was enrolled at the point of a veterinary-diagnosed medical Colic episode. Participating owners completed a baseline and 3 follow-up telephone questionnaires over one year. Clinical details of each Colic episode were collected with data on management, behaviour and preventive healthcare. Incidence was calculated using time at risk data; non-time varying covariates were assessed for association with recurrent Colic using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The recurrence rate was 50 Colic events/100 horse years at risk (HYAR). Including only veterinary attended recurrent Colic episodes the incidence was 35 Colic events per 100 HYAR. A multivariable logistic regression model was built to explore non-time varying risk factors for recurrence collected from baseline data. The model showed that horses that have a known dental problem (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.3, 23.1) or crib-bite/windsuck (OR 12.1, 95% CI 1.4, 108.1) were at increased risk of recurrence during the year following a Colic event. Conclusions and potential relevance: The incidence of recurrence in horses following a medical episode of Colic is high in this population and represents a welfare concern. The incidence rate can be used to compare intervention efficacy in similar populations. Identified risk factors could provide the basis for management interventions or highlight at risk individuals.
C J Proudman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recurrent Colic in the horse incidence and risk factors for recurrence in the general practice population
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2011Co-Authors: C E Scantlebury, C J Proudman, D C Archer, G L PinchbeckAbstract:Summary Reasons for performing study: The frequency of recurrent Colic in the UK equine general practice population is previously unreported. Elucidating risk factors for recurrent Colic could provide a basis for clinical decision making and interventions. Objectives: To determine the incidence rate of and risk factors for recurrent Colic. Hypotheses: Horse management, prophylactic health care and innate behaviour contribute to the risk of recurrent Colic. Methods: A cohort of 127 horses was enrolled at the point of a veterinary-diagnosed medical Colic episode. Participating owners completed a baseline and 3 follow-up telephone questionnaires over one year. Clinical details of each Colic episode were collected with data on management, behaviour and preventive healthcare. Incidence was calculated using time at risk data; non-time varying covariates were assessed for association with recurrent Colic using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The recurrence rate was 50 Colic events/100 horse years at risk (HYAR). Including only veterinary attended recurrent Colic episodes the incidence was 35 Colic events per 100 HYAR. A multivariable logistic regression model was built to explore non-time varying risk factors for recurrence collected from baseline data. The model showed that horses that have a known dental problem (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.3, 23.1) or crib-bite/windsuck (OR 12.1, 95% CI 1.4, 108.1) were at increased risk of recurrence during the year following a Colic event. Conclusions and potential relevance: The incidence of recurrence in horses following a medical episode of Colic is high in this population and represents a welfare concern. The incidence rate can be used to compare intervention efficacy in similar populations. Identified risk factors could provide the basis for management interventions or highlight at risk individuals.
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are tapeworms associated with equine Colic a case control study
Equine Veterinary Journal, 1993Co-Authors: C J Proudman, G. B. EdwardsAbstract:Summary Faeces samples from 116 horses with Colic and 115 non-Colic cases were assayed by a centrifugation/floatation method for the presence of tapeworm eggs. Analysis of these data failed to demonstrate an association between tapeworm infection and Colic of all types. The data were further analysed according to anatomical site of the lesion causing Colic. The risk of ileocaecal Colic was increased in the presence of tapeworms. Age, breed and sex were evaluated as possible confounding factors but had no association with the incidence of Colic. This study suggests an association between tapeworms and Colic of ileocaecal origin.
Shigeki Yamaguchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Venous Anatomy of the Right Colon
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, 2002Co-Authors: Shigeki Yamaguchi, Hiroya Kuroyanagi, Jeffrey W. Milsom, Richard Sim, Hiroshi ShimadaAbstract:PURPOSE: This study was designed to describe the precise venous anatomy of the right colon, which is especially important for laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. METHODS: Fifty-eight adult cadavers were dissected to define the three major venous tributaries of the right colon: the ileoColic vein, right Colic vein, and middle Colic vein. Two or three middle Colic veins were often present, and the biggest one was designated as the main middle Colic vein. The middle Colic vein and the right Colic vein occasionally formed a common trunk with the right gastroepiploic vein and/or the pancreaticoduodenal vein. This common trunk was defined as the gastroColic trunk. RESULTS: All 58 cadavers had a single ileoColic vein. All of the ileoColic veins drained into the superior mesenteric vein. The right Colic vein was absent in 56.9 percent (33/58), and the other 43.1 percent had a single right Colic vein. The right Colic vein joined the superior mesenteric vein directly in 56 percent (14/25) and the gastroColic trunk in 44 percent (11/25). The middle Colic vein was the most variable. A single middle Colic vein was present in 37.9 percent (22/58), 2 middle Colic veins were present in 50 percent (29/58), and 3 middle Colic veins were present in 12.1 percent (7/58). The main middle Colic vein drained into the superior mesenteric vein directly in 84.5 percent (49/58), whereas 12.1 percent (7/58) drained into the gastroColic trunk. In two cadavers, there was anomalous drainage of the main middle Colic vein to the splenic vein and the inferior mesenteric vein. Forty-three accessory middle Colic veins were present in total. These drained into the superior mesenteric vein in 17 cadavers and into the gastroColic trunk in 23. The gastroColic trunk was present in 69 percent (40/58), being formed with the right Colic vein in 27.5 percent (11/40; 1 was together with an accessory middle Colic vein) and with the middle Colic vein in 75 percent (30/40; 7 with the main middle Colic vein, 23 with the accessory middle Colic vein). CONCLUSION: Venous anatomy of the right colon is highly variable. It is especially important to recognize the lack of direct drainage of the right Colic vein to the superior mesenteric vein and the high frequency of the presence of plural middle Colic veins and the gastroColic trunk.
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Venous anatomy of the right colon: precise structure of the major veins and gastroColic trunk in 58 cadavers.
Diseases of the colon and rectum, 2002Co-Authors: Shigeki Yamaguchi, Hiroya Kuroyanagi, Jeffrey W. Milsom, Richard Sim, Hiroshi ShimadaAbstract:PURPOSE: This study was designed to describe the precise venous anatomy of the right colon, which is especially important for laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. METHODS: Fifty-eight adult cadavers were dissected to define the three major venous tributaries of the right colon: the ileoColic vein, right Colic vein, and middle Colic vein. Two or three middle Colic veins were often present, and the biggest one was designated as the main middle Colic vein. The middle Colic vein and the right Colic vein occasionally formed a common trunk with the right gastroepiploic vein and/or the pancreaticoduodenal vein. This common trunk was defined as the gastroColic trunk. RESULTS: All 58 cadavers had a single ileoColic vein. All of the ileoColic veins drained into the superior mesenteric vein. The right Colic vein was absent in 56.9 percent (33/58), and the other 43.1 percent had a single right Colic vein. The right Colic vein joined the superior mesenteric vein directly in 56 percent (14/25) and the gastroColic trunk in 44 percent (11/25). The middle Colic vein was the most variable. A single middle Colic vein was present in 37.9 percent (22/58), 2 middle Colic veins were present in 50 percent (29/58), and 3 middle Colic veins were present in 12.1 percent (7/58). The main middle Colic vein drained into the superior mesenteric vein directly in 84.5 percent (49/58), whereas 12.1 percent (7/58) drained into the gastroColic trunk. In two cadavers, there was anomalous drainage of the main middle Colic vein to the splenic vein and the inferior mesenteric vein. Forty-three accessory middle Colic veins were present in total. These drained into the superior mesenteric vein in 17 cadavers and into the gastroColic trunk in 23. The gastroColic trunk was present in 69 percent (40/58), being formed with the right Colic vein in 27.5 percent (11/40; 1 was together with an accessory middle Colic vein) and with the middle Colic vein in 75 percent (30/40; 7 with the main middle Colic vein, 23 with the accessory middle Colic vein). CONCLUSION: Venous anatomy of the right colon is highly variable. It is especially important to recognize the lack of direct drainage of the right Colic vein to the superior mesenteric vein and the high frequency of the presence of plural middle Colic veins and the gastroColic trunk.