The Experts below are selected from a list of 138894 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Vincenzo Maggioni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Collective Knowledge and organizational routines within academic communities of practice an empirical research on science entrepreneurs
Journal of The Knowledge Economy, 2013Co-Authors: Manlio Del Giudice, Maria Rosaria Della Peruta, Vincenzo MaggioniAbstract:The management of Knowledge is increasingly considered as a main source of competitive advantage for corporations. It is argued that organizations enjoy a competitive advantage if they know how to expand, disseminate, and exploit organizational Knowledge internally. Moreover, organizations can achieve their strategic goals by encouraging Knowledge sharing, flexibility, and adaptation to change. Furthermore, our position is that tacit Knowledge sharing can lead to Knowledge stratification. And that it is likely to lead to encode Knowledge in behavioral schemas, apparently similar to organizational routines, but as a matter of fact more complex and refined: the cognitive scripts. Even if apparently similar to organizational routines, the scripts strongly differ from them in terms of power of replication, inertia degree, and search potential. The present study focuses on the analysis of the script localization in the organization as an important starting point for the understanding of the dynamics of Knowledge stratification and encoding. Thus, hypothesizing kinds of Knowledge reuse within spin-off decisions as well. The plausibility of the mentioned hypotheses is tested by a multivariate statistics approach. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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Collective Knowledge and organizational routines within academic communities of practice an empirical research on science entrepreneurs
Journal of The Knowledge Economy, 2013Co-Authors: Manlio Del Giudice, Maria Rosaria Della Peruta, Vincenzo MaggioniAbstract:The management of Knowledge is increasingly considered as a main source of competitive advantage for corporations. It is argued that organizations enjoy a competitive advantage if they know how to expand, disseminate, and exploit organizational Knowledge internally. Moreover, organizations can achieve their strategic goals by encouraging Knowledge sharing, flexibility, and adaptation to change. Furthermore, our position is that tacit Knowledge sharing can lead to Knowledge stratification. And that it is likely to lead to encode Knowledge in behavioral schemas, apparently similar to organizational routines, but as a matter of fact more complex and refined: the cognitive scripts. Even if apparently similar to organizational routines, the scripts strongly differ from them in terms of power of replication, inertia degree, and search potential. The present study focuses on the analysis of the script localization in the organization as an important starting point for the understanding of the dynamics of Knowledge stratification and encoding. Thus, hypothesizing kinds of Knowledge reuse within spin-off decisions as well. The plausibility of the mentioned hypotheses is tested by a multivariate statistics approach.
Manlio Del Giudice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Collective Knowledge and organizational routines within academic communities of practice an empirical research on science entrepreneurs
Journal of The Knowledge Economy, 2013Co-Authors: Manlio Del Giudice, Maria Rosaria Della Peruta, Vincenzo MaggioniAbstract:The management of Knowledge is increasingly considered as a main source of competitive advantage for corporations. It is argued that organizations enjoy a competitive advantage if they know how to expand, disseminate, and exploit organizational Knowledge internally. Moreover, organizations can achieve their strategic goals by encouraging Knowledge sharing, flexibility, and adaptation to change. Furthermore, our position is that tacit Knowledge sharing can lead to Knowledge stratification. And that it is likely to lead to encode Knowledge in behavioral schemas, apparently similar to organizational routines, but as a matter of fact more complex and refined: the cognitive scripts. Even if apparently similar to organizational routines, the scripts strongly differ from them in terms of power of replication, inertia degree, and search potential. The present study focuses on the analysis of the script localization in the organization as an important starting point for the understanding of the dynamics of Knowledge stratification and encoding. Thus, hypothesizing kinds of Knowledge reuse within spin-off decisions as well. The plausibility of the mentioned hypotheses is tested by a multivariate statistics approach. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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Collective Knowledge and organizational routines within academic communities of practice an empirical research on science entrepreneurs
Journal of The Knowledge Economy, 2013Co-Authors: Manlio Del Giudice, Maria Rosaria Della Peruta, Vincenzo MaggioniAbstract:The management of Knowledge is increasingly considered as a main source of competitive advantage for corporations. It is argued that organizations enjoy a competitive advantage if they know how to expand, disseminate, and exploit organizational Knowledge internally. Moreover, organizations can achieve their strategic goals by encouraging Knowledge sharing, flexibility, and adaptation to change. Furthermore, our position is that tacit Knowledge sharing can lead to Knowledge stratification. And that it is likely to lead to encode Knowledge in behavioral schemas, apparently similar to organizational routines, but as a matter of fact more complex and refined: the cognitive scripts. Even if apparently similar to organizational routines, the scripts strongly differ from them in terms of power of replication, inertia degree, and search potential. The present study focuses on the analysis of the script localization in the organization as an important starting point for the understanding of the dynamics of Knowledge stratification and encoding. Thus, hypothesizing kinds of Knowledge reuse within spin-off decisions as well. The plausibility of the mentioned hypotheses is tested by a multivariate statistics approach.
Dan M Kahan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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climate science communication and the measurement problem
Political Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Dan M KahanAbstract:This paper examines the science-of-science-communication measurement problem. In its simplest form, the problem reflects the use of externally invalid measures of the dynamics that generate cultural conflict over risk and other policy-relevant facts. But at a more fundamental level, the science-of-science-communication measurement problem inheres in the phenomena being measured themselves. The “beliefs” individuals form about a societal risk such as climate change are not of a piece; rather they reflect the distinct clusters of inferences that individuals draw as they engage information for two distinct ends: to gain access to the Collective Knowledge furnished by science, and to enjoy the sense of identity enabled by membership in a community defined by particular cultural commitments. The paper shows how appropriately designed “science comprehension” tests — one general, and one specific to climate change — can be used to measure individuals’ reasoning proficiency as Collective-Knowledge acquirers independently of their reasoning proficiency as cultural-identity protectors. Doing so reveals that there is in fact little disagreement among culturally diverse citizens on what science knows about climate change. The source of the climate-change controversy and like disputes is the contamination of education and politics with forms of cultural status competition that make it impossible for diverse citizens to express their reason as both Collective-Knowledge acquirers and cultural-identity protectors at the same time.
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climate science communication and the measurement problem
Political Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Dan M KahanAbstract:This article examines the science-of-science-communication measurement problem. In its simplest form, the problem reflects the use of externally invalid measures of the dynamics that generate cultural conflict over risk and other policy-relevant facts. But at a more fundamental level, the science-of-science-communication measurement problem inheres in the phenomena being measured themselves. The “beliefs” individuals form about a societal risk such as climate change are not of a piece; rather they reflect the distinct clusters of inferences that individuals draw as they engage information for two distinct ends: to gain access to the Collective Knowledge furnished by science and to enjoy the sense of identity enabled by membership in a community defined by particular cultural commitments. The article shows how appropriately designed “science comprehension” tests—one general and one specific to climate change—can be used to measure individuals’ reasoning proficiency as Collective-Knowledge acquirers independently of their reasoning proficiency as cultural-identity protectors. Doing so reveals that there is in fact little disagreement among culturally diverse citizens on what science knows about climate change. The source of the climate-change controversy and like disputes over societal risks is the contamination of the science-communication environment with forms of cultural status competition that make it impossible for diverse citizens to express their reason as both Collective-Knowledge acquirers and cultural-identity protectors at the same time.
Ulrike Cress - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biases in the production and reception of Collective Knowledge: the case of hindsight bias in Wikipedia
Psychological Research, 2018Co-Authors: Aileen Oeberst, Ulrike Cress, Ina Beck, Mitja Back, Steffen NestlerAbstract:The Web 2.0 enabled collaboration at an unprecedented level. In one of the flagships of mass collaboration—Wikipedia—a large number of authors socially negotiate the world’s largest compendium of Knowledge. Several guidelines in Wikipedia restrict contributions to verifiable information from reliable sources to ensure recognized Knowledge. Much psychological research demonstrates, however, that individual information processing is biased. This poses the question whether individual biases translate to Wikipedia articles or whether they are prevented by its guidelines. The present research makes use of hindsight bias to examine this question. To this end, we analyzed foresight and hindsight versions of Wikipedia articles regarding a broad variety of events (Study 1). We found the majority of articles not to contain traces of hindsight bias—contrary to prior individual research. However, for a particular category of events—disasters—we found robust evidence for hindsight bias. In a lab experiment (Study 2), we then examined whether individuals’ hindsight bias is translated into articles under controlled conditions and tested whether collaborative writing—as present in Wikipedia—affects the resultant bias (vs. individual writing). Finally, we investigated the impact of biased Wikipedia articles on readers (Study 3). As predicted, biased articles elicited a hindsight bias in readers, who had not known of the event previously. Moreover, biased articles also affected individuals who knew about the event already, and who had already developed a hindsight bias: biased articles further increased their hindsight.
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learning and Collective Knowledge construction with social media a process oriented perspective
Educational Psychologist, 2015Co-Authors: Joachim Kimmerle, Johannes Moskaliuk, Aileen Oeberst, Ulrike CressAbstract:Social media are increasingly being used for educational purposes. The first part of this article briefly reviews literature that reports on educational applications of social media tools. The second part discusses theories that may provide a basis for analyzing the processes that are relevant for individual learning and Collective Knowledge construction. We argue that a systems-theoretical constructivist approach is appropriate to examine the processes of educational social media use, namely, self-organization, the internalization of information, the externalization of Knowledge, and the interplay of externalization and internalization providing the basis of a co-evolution of cognitive and social systems. In the third part we present research findings that illustrate and support this systems-theoretical framework. Concluding, we discuss the implications for educational design and for future research on learning and Collective Knowledge construction with social media.
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the Collective Knowledge of social tags direct and indirect influences on navigation learning and information processing
Computers in Education, 2013Co-Authors: Ulrike Cress, Christoph Held, Joachim KimmerleAbstract:Tag clouds generated in social tagging systems can capture the Collective Knowledge of communities. Using as a basis spreading activation theories, information foraging theory, and the co-evolution model of cognitive and social systems, we present here a model for an extended information scent, which proposes that both Collective and individual Knowledge have a significant influence on link selection, incidental learning, and information processing. Two experimental studies tested the applicability of the model to a situation in which individual Knowledge and Collective Knowledge were contradictory to each other. The results of the first experiment showed that a higher individual strength of association between a target in demand and a tag led to a higher probability of selecting corresponding links, combined with less thorough information processing for non-corresponding links. But users also adapted their navigation behavior to the Collective Knowledge (strength of associations of tags) of the community and showed incidental learning during navigation, which resulted in a change of their individual strength of associations. The second experiment confirmed these results and showed, in addition, that the effects also occurred for indirect associations. Altogether, the results show that the extended information scent is an appropriate and fertile model for describing the interplay of individual Knowledge and the Collective Knowledge of social tags.
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the interplay between individual and Collective Knowledge technologies for organisational learning and Knowledge building
Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 2010Co-Authors: Joachim Kimmerle, Ulrike Cress, Christoph HeldAbstract:This article presents a framework model that defines Knowledge building as a co-evolution of cognitive and social systems. Our model brings together Nonaka's Knowledge-creating theory and Luhmann's systems theory. It is demonstrated how collaborative Knowledge building may occur – in an ideal situation – within an organisation, when people interact with each other using shared digital artefacts. For this purpose, three different technologies are introduced as examples: social-tagging systems, pattern-based task-management systems, and wikis. These examples have been chosen to demonstrate that Knowledge building can occur with respect to both declarative and procedural Knowledge. The differences and similarities between these technologies, as far as their potential for organisational Knowledge building is concerned, are discussed in the light of the framework model.
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visualizing wiki supported Knowledge building co evolution of individual and Collective Knowledge
International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration, 2008Co-Authors: Andreas Harrer, Johannes Moskaliuk, Joachim Kimmerle, Ulrike CressAbstract:It is widely accepted that wikis are valuable tools for successful collaborative Knowledge building. In this paper, we describe how processes of Knowledge building with wikis may be visualized, citing Wikipedia as an example. The underlying theoretical basis of our paper is the framework for collaborative Knowledge building with wikis, as introduced by Cress and Kimmerle [2], [3], [4]. This model describes collaborative Knowledge building as a co-evolution of individual and Collective Knowledge, or of cognitive and social systems respectively. These co-evolutionary processes may be visualized graphically, applying methods from social network analysis, especially those methods that take dynamic changes into account [5], [18]. For this purpose, we have undertaken to analyze, on the one hand, the temporal development of an article in the German version of Wikipedia and related articles that are linked to this core article. On the other hand, we analyzed the temporal development of those users who worked on these articles. The resulting graphics show an analogous process, both with regard to the articles that refer to the core article and to the users involved. These results provide empirical support for the co-evolution model. Some implications of our findings and the potential for future research on collaborative Knowledge building with wikis and on the application of social network analysis are discussed at the end of the article.
Christian Le Bas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Collective Knowledge prolific inventors and the value of inventions an empirical study of french german and british patents in the us 1975 1999
Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 2008Co-Authors: William R Latham, Christian Le BasAbstract:Abstract The objective of this paper is to test two related hypotheses: The first is that the involvement of both prolific and foreign inventors in the production of Knowledge has a direct, positive impact on the Collective dimension of this Knowledge production as measured by the size of the inventive team. The second is that the involvement of both prolific and foreign inventors has a direct, positive impact on the value of the new Knowledge produced. We use detailed information from nearly 300,000 patents granted by the US Patent Office to French, German, and British inventors over the period from 1975 to 1999. From the data available from each patent regarding citations of prior patents and the numbers and identities of the inventors listed in the patent application, we are able to construct measures of Collective Knowledge, the presence of prolific and foreign inventors, and the imputed value of patents. In a novel approach in this literature, we estimate negative binomial multiple regression models ...