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Lima, Juliana D. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Incidência de fungos em pós-colheita de banana 'Prata anã'(Musa AAB)
Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, 2006Co-Authors: Moraes, Wilson Da Silva, Lima, Juliana D.Abstract:Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a ocorrência e a freqüência de fungos em banana 'Prata anã' e elucidar o agente causal das podridões em pós-colheita de frutos provenientes do norte de Minas Gerais. Dois métodos de isolamento foram adotados: diluição em placas, a partir da lavagem de frutos verdes, e direto de frutos maduros. Os fungos Colletotrichum musae, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium equisetii, Penicillium sp. Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichothecium roseum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium musae e Curvularia lunata foram os mais freqüentemente associados aos frutos. A patogenicidade desses fungos foi testada pela substituição de discos da casca de frutos verdes por discos de micélio. Colletotrichum musae apresentou área média lesionada em torno do ponto de inoculação igual a 5,8 cm², enquanto para os demais fungos testados não passou de 1,50 cm². Os resultados mostraram que C. musae é o agente primário das podridões dos frutos examinados com 100 % de incidência e os demais fungos limitaram-se a necrosar os ferimentos em torno do ponto de inoculação. O modo de infecção latente, causada por C. musae, parece favorecer, primeiramente, a colonização interna dos tecidos e, posteriormente, a ação dos fungos oportunistas, que aceleram as podridões nos frutos e na coroa
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Incidência de fungos em pós-colheita de banana 'Prata anã' (Musa AAB)
Summa Phytopathologica, 2006Co-Authors: Moraes, Wilson Da Silva, Zambolim Laércio, Lima, Juliana D.Abstract:Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a ocorrência e a freqüência de fungos em banana 'Prata anã' e elucidar o agente causal das podridões em pós-colheita de frutos provenientes do norte de Minas Gerais. Dois métodos de isolamento foram adotados: diluição em placas, a partir da lavagem de frutos verdes, e direto de frutos maduros. Os fungos Colletotrichum musae, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium equisetii, Penicillium sp. Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichothecium roseum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium musae e Curvularia lunata foram os mais freqüentemente associados aos frutos. A patogenicidade desses fungos foi testada pela substituição de discos da casca de frutos verdes por discos de micélio. Colletotrichum musae apresentou área média lesionada em torno do ponto de inoculação igual a 5,8 cm2, enquanto para os demais fungos testados não passou de 1,50 cm2. Os resultados mostraram que C. musae é o agente primário das podridões dos frutos examinados com 100 % de incidência e os demais fungos limitaram-se a necrosar os ferimentos em torno do ponto de inoculação. O modo de infecção latente, causada por C. musae, parece favorecer, primeiramente, a colonização interna dos tecidos e, posteriormente, a ação dos fungos oportunistas, que aceleram as podridões nos frutos e na coroa.The objetive of this work were to determine the occurrence and frequency of fungus in 'Prata anã' banana and to elucidate the causal agent of post harvest rots on fruits from Jaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two isolation methods were used: diluition in placs from whashed green fruits and direct of mature fruits. The fungus Colletotrichum musae, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium equisetii, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichothecium roseum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium musae and Curvularia lunata were the more freqüentilly associated to fruits. The fungus pathogenicity were tested by substituition of green fruits pell discs for micellium discs. Colletotrichum musae showed lesioned average area arround of inoculation point equal to 5,8 cm2, while in the remaining of fungus tested the lesioned average area were smaller than 1,50 cm2. This results showed that C. musae is the primary agent of examined fruits rotteness, with 100 % of incidence while the remaining of fungus were limited to attach the injury arround of inoculation point. The latent infection mode caused by C. musae favour firsty the tissue external colonization and after the opportunists fungus accelerate the fruits and crown rotteness
Moraes, Wilson Da Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Incidence of mushroons in post harvest of banana (Musa spp.) 'Prata Anã' (AAB)
Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, 2006Co-Authors: Moraes, Wilson Da Silva, Zambolim Laércio, Lima, Juliana D. [unesp]Abstract:Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a ocorrência e a freqüência de fungos em banana 'Prata anã' e elucidar o agente causal das podridões em pós-colheita de frutos provenientes do norte de Minas Gerais. Dois métodos de isolamento foram adotados: diluição em placas, a partir da lavagem de frutos verdes, e direto de frutos maduros. Os fungos Colletotrichum musae, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium equisetii, Penicillium sp. Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichothecium roseum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium musae e Curvularia lunata foram os mais freqüentemente associados aos frutos. A patogenicidade desses fungos foi testada pela substituição de discos da casca de frutos verdes por discos de micélio. Colletotrichum musae apresentou área média lesionada em torno do ponto de inoculação igual a 5,8 cm², enquanto para os demais fungos testados não passou de 1,50 cm². Os resultados mostraram que C. musae é o agente primário das podridões dos frutos examinados com 100 % de incidência e os demais fungos limitaram-se a necrosar os ferimentos em torno do ponto de inoculação. O modo de infecção latente, causada por C. musae, parece favorecer, primeiramente, a colonização interna dos tecidos e, posteriormente, a ação dos fungos oportunistas, que aceleram as podridões nos frutos e na coroa.The objetive of this work were to determine the occurrence and frequency of fungus in 'Prata anã' banana and to elucidate the causal agent of post harvest rots on fruits from Jaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two isolation methods were used: diluition in placs from whashed green fruits and direct of mature fruits. The fungus Colletotrichum musae, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium equisetii, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichothecium roseum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium musae and Curvularia lunata were the more freqüentilly associated to fruits. The fungus pathogenicity were tested by substituition of green fruits pell discs for micellium discs. Colletotrichum musae showed lesioned average area arround of inoculation point equal to 5,8 cm², while in the remaining of fungus tested the lesioned average area were smaller than 1,50 cm². This results showed that C. musae is the primary agent of examined fruits rotteness, with 100 % of incidence while the remaining of fungus were limited to attach the injury arround of inoculation point. The latent infection mode caused by C. musae favour firsty the tissue external colonization and after the opportunists fungus accelerate the fruits and crown rotteness
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Incidência de fungos em pós-colheita de banana 'Prata anã'(Musa AAB)
Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, 2006Co-Authors: Moraes, Wilson Da Silva, Lima, Juliana D.Abstract:Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a ocorrência e a freqüência de fungos em banana 'Prata anã' e elucidar o agente causal das podridões em pós-colheita de frutos provenientes do norte de Minas Gerais. Dois métodos de isolamento foram adotados: diluição em placas, a partir da lavagem de frutos verdes, e direto de frutos maduros. Os fungos Colletotrichum musae, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium equisetii, Penicillium sp. Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichothecium roseum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium musae e Curvularia lunata foram os mais freqüentemente associados aos frutos. A patogenicidade desses fungos foi testada pela substituição de discos da casca de frutos verdes por discos de micélio. Colletotrichum musae apresentou área média lesionada em torno do ponto de inoculação igual a 5,8 cm², enquanto para os demais fungos testados não passou de 1,50 cm². Os resultados mostraram que C. musae é o agente primário das podridões dos frutos examinados com 100 % de incidência e os demais fungos limitaram-se a necrosar os ferimentos em torno do ponto de inoculação. O modo de infecção latente, causada por C. musae, parece favorecer, primeiramente, a colonização interna dos tecidos e, posteriormente, a ação dos fungos oportunistas, que aceleram as podridões nos frutos e na coroa
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Incidência de fungos em pós-colheita de banana 'Prata anã' (Musa AAB)
Summa Phytopathologica, 2006Co-Authors: Moraes, Wilson Da Silva, Zambolim Laércio, Lima, Juliana D.Abstract:Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a ocorrência e a freqüência de fungos em banana 'Prata anã' e elucidar o agente causal das podridões em pós-colheita de frutos provenientes do norte de Minas Gerais. Dois métodos de isolamento foram adotados: diluição em placas, a partir da lavagem de frutos verdes, e direto de frutos maduros. Os fungos Colletotrichum musae, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium equisetii, Penicillium sp. Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichothecium roseum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium musae e Curvularia lunata foram os mais freqüentemente associados aos frutos. A patogenicidade desses fungos foi testada pela substituição de discos da casca de frutos verdes por discos de micélio. Colletotrichum musae apresentou área média lesionada em torno do ponto de inoculação igual a 5,8 cm2, enquanto para os demais fungos testados não passou de 1,50 cm2. Os resultados mostraram que C. musae é o agente primário das podridões dos frutos examinados com 100 % de incidência e os demais fungos limitaram-se a necrosar os ferimentos em torno do ponto de inoculação. O modo de infecção latente, causada por C. musae, parece favorecer, primeiramente, a colonização interna dos tecidos e, posteriormente, a ação dos fungos oportunistas, que aceleram as podridões nos frutos e na coroa.The objetive of this work were to determine the occurrence and frequency of fungus in 'Prata anã' banana and to elucidate the causal agent of post harvest rots on fruits from Jaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two isolation methods were used: diluition in placs from whashed green fruits and direct of mature fruits. The fungus Colletotrichum musae, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium equisetii, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichothecium roseum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium musae and Curvularia lunata were the more freqüentilly associated to fruits. The fungus pathogenicity were tested by substituition of green fruits pell discs for micellium discs. Colletotrichum musae showed lesioned average area arround of inoculation point equal to 5,8 cm2, while in the remaining of fungus tested the lesioned average area were smaller than 1,50 cm2. This results showed that C. musae is the primary agent of examined fruits rotteness, with 100 % of incidence while the remaining of fungus were limited to attach the injury arround of inoculation point. The latent infection mode caused by C. musae favour firsty the tissue external colonization and after the opportunists fungus accelerate the fruits and crown rotteness
Luc De Lapeyre De Bellaire - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of lactoperoxidase system on the control of Colletotrichum musae on bananas
Food Technology and Biotechnology, 2011Co-Authors: Woeheoudama Sagoua, Marienoelle Ducamp, Gerard Loiseau, Luc De Lapeyre De BellaireAbstract:Postharvest diseases are a major concern for plant products, leading to considerable postharvest losses. Colletotrichum musae is responsible for anthracnose and is also involved in crown rot, the two main postharvest diseases of banana. The use of antimicrobial agents such as the lactoperoxidase system (LPS) represents an interesting alternative to the use of conventional fungicides for the control of postharvest diseases of banana. Conidial germination and fungal growth of three different strains of Colletotrichum musae originating from Cameroon (C 52 and C 62) and Guadeloupe (C 46.12) were monitored in the presence of LPS or Eau Activee® (an industrial derivative of LPS). In vivo studies were also conducted on bananas preinoculated with strain C 46.12 and then subjected to a soaking treatment in LPS and Eau Activee® solutions. However, this postharvest treatment did not show any significant effect of the LPS or Eau Activee®. The in vitro studies showed a difference in the behaviour of Colletotrichum musae strains subjected to LPS and Eau Activee® treatments. A highly visible inhibitory effect of LPS was observed on fungal growth of strains C 52 and C 62. Furthermore, LPS gave better results than its industrial derivative, Eau Activee®. (Resume d'auteur)
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a laboratory method to evaluate the sensitivity of Colletotrichum musae to postharvest fungicides
Fruits, 2008Co-Authors: Luc De Lapeyre De Bellaire, Yolande ChilincharlesAbstract:Introduction. Ce protocole vise a detecter et evaluer des variations de sensibilite dans des populations de Colletotrichum musae vis-a-vis des fongicides actuellement utilises pour le controle des maladies de conservation des bananes. Le principe, les principaux avantages, le materiel vegetal de depart, le temps necessaire et les resultats attendus de la methode sont presentes. Materiel et methodes. Le materiel de laboratoire necessaire, et le detail des douze etapes du protocole realise pour l'echantillonnage des bananes et le developpement des lesions dues a l'anthracnose, la preparation des boites de milieu gelose (agar), les isolements monospores, les tests de germination et l'analyse des donnees sont decrits. De possibles problemes sont evoques. Nous obtenons (a) pour les produits antimitotiques, le pourcentage de souches resistantes dans la population analysee ; (b) pour des fongicides inhibiteurs de la biosynthese des sterols (SBI), la variation et la distribution de la sensibilite des isolats dans la population analysee en fonction de la reduction de leur croissance radiale, imputable au fongicide. (Resume d'auteur)
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method for early quantification of quiescent infections of Colletotrichum musae on bananas
Fruits, 2008Co-Authors: Luc De Lapeyre De Bellaire, Marc Chillet, Yolande ChilincharlesAbstract:Introduction. Ce protocole vise a detecter et a mesurer les infections quiescentes de Colletotrichum musae sur les bananes. Le principe, les principaux avantages, le materiel vegetal de depart, le temps necessaire et les resultats attendus de la methode sont presentes. Materiel et methodes. Le materiel necessaire et le detail des trois etapes de realisation du protocole (echantillonnage, maturation du fruit et quantification du nombre de lesions dues a l'anthracnose) sont decrits. Des problemes potentiels sont evoques. Resultats. Le protocole conduit a la quantification des lesions d'anthracnose a la surface des fruits; cela permet d'estimer les risques potentiels de degâts apres-recolte dus a l'anthracnose (chancre) et de proposer une meilleure gestion des applications de fongicide apres la recolte. (Resume d'auteur)
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relationship between ripening and the development of banana anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum musae berck and curt arx
Journal of Phytopathology, 2006Co-Authors: M Chillet, Olivier Hubert, Luc De Lapeyre De BellaireAbstract:Wound anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum musae is the main disease affecting the quality of export bananas from the French Antilles. Little is known about the effects of ethylene on the development of wound anthracnose and quiescent anthracnose. The results of our experiments with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene receptor site inhibitor, clearly revealed that ethylene was not directly involved in triggering rot development. Quiescent anthracnose symptoms were found to appear only after bananas began ripening. In contrast, wound anthracnose developed just as quickly in 'green 1-MCP-treated bananas' as in 'yellow ripening bananas'. In cases of wound anthracnose, contrary to quiescent anthracnose, rot development was not dependent on the extent of peel ripeness. (Resume d'auteur)
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le gainage precoce des regimes de bananes ameliore la croissance des fruits et leur etat sanitaire vis a vis de l anthracnose Colletotrichum musae
Fruits, 2003Co-Authors: Joseph Aubert Mouen Bedimo, Marc Chillet, Alexandra Jullien, Luc De Lapeyre De BellaireAbstract:Introduction. L'anthracnose des bananes, causee par Colletotrichum musae , est une maladie de conservation qui est generalement controlee par des traitements fongicides apres la recolte. D'autres moyens de lutte sont aujourd'hui recherches pour remplacer cette lutte chimique, dont l'epistillage et le gainage des inflorescences effectue habituellement au stade “ doigts horizontaux ” (Sdh). Compte tenu de la precocite de la pollution des fruits par C. musae , du role joue par l'eau de pluie comme agent de dissemination des conidies et de l'effet barriere que joue la gaine dans cette dissemination, nous avons voulu evaluer les consequences, sur le niveau de contamination des fruits, d'un gainage precoce ou tardif. Par ailleurs, nous avons voulu evaluer la possibilite de remplacer l'epistillage au champ par un gainage a un stade tres precoce plus facile a effectuer. Enfin, nous avons voulu verifier qu'un gainage precoce pouvait entrainer un meilleur remplissage des fruits. Materiel et methodes. Nous avons compare differents stades de gainage (Sdh-7 j, Sdh, Sdh+7 j, Sdh+14 j, regimes non gaines) vis-a-vis de leurs effets sur la contamination des fruits, mais aussi sur leur croissance (nombre de cellules par fruit, poids moyen du fruit). Le gainage precoce (Sdh-7) a aussi ete compare a la combinaison epistillage/gainage au stade Sdh qui est une technique efficace mais couteuse en main d'œuvre. Resultats. Les niveaux de contamination des fruits ont ete significativement les plus eleves sur des regimes gaines tardivement (Sdh+7, Sdh+14) ou, pires, sur des regimes non gaines. Les taux de contamination les plus faibles ont ete mesures sur les fruits gaines precocement (Sdh-7) ou au Sdh, sans qu'il n'y ait de differences significatives entre ces deux traitements. Par ailleurs, le gainage precoce n'a pas autant reduit la contamination des fruits que l'epistillage au champ associe au gainage Sdh. Enfin, le stade de gainage a influence la croissance des fruits. Conclusion. La pose precoce de la gaine avant le stade Sdh, voire a un stade plus precoce (Sdh-7), est recommandee.
Noël, Zirihi Guédé - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation In Vitro du Pouvoir Fongicide des Extraits De Erigeron floribundus (Kunth.) Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) sur Sclerotium rolfsii et Colletotrichum musae Deux Champignons Phytopathogènes
'European Scientific Institute ESI', 2019Co-Authors: Etienne, Ouattara Katinan, Djeneb Camara, Dabé Doga, Noël, Zirihi GuédéAbstract:Phytopathogenic fungi are one of the main causes of the decline and quality of agricultural production. Among these species, Colletotrichum musae and Sclerotium rolfsi cause various diseases including seed rot, seedling meltdown and root rot. They account for about 60% of agricultural production. The chemical control used has adverse effects on human health and the environment. The strategy is therefore the use of methods that are compatible with human health and the environment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antifungal potential of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of E. floribundus leaves on S. rolfsii and C. musae. To this end, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the Hambol Region (northern Côte d'Ivoire), following which E. floribundus was selected. This plant is considered to be the most widely used in the treatment of microbial diseases. Phytochemical screening carried out on this plant revealed the presence of saponins, glycosides, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, quinones, saponosides and alkaloids. The antifungal activity was evaluated by the double dilution method on PDA medium with aqueous and ethanolic extracts 70% of the leaves of E. floribundus. According to the results, only 70% ethanolic extracts have fungicidal properties on both S. rolfsii (MIC = 6.25 mg/ml and MFC = 12.5 mg/ml) and C. musae (MIC = 50 mg/ml and MFC = 200 mg/ml). S. rolfsii was more sensitive than C. musae. The presence of the different secondary metabolites could justify the antifungal activity and traditional use of the plant.Les champignons phytopathogènes constituent l’une des causes principales de la baisse et la qualité de la production agricole. Parmi ces espèces, Colletotrichum musae et Sclerotium rolfsi provoquent diverses maladies dont la pourriture des semences, la fonte des semis et la pourriture racinaire. Ils occasionnent environ 60 % de la production agricole. La lutte chimique employée, a des effets néfastes sur la santé humaine et l’environnement. La stratégie est donc l’utilisation des méthodes compatibles avec la santé humaine et l’environnement. L’objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer le potentiel antifongique des extraits aqueux et éthanolique des feuilles de E. floribundus sur S. rolfsii et C. musae. Pour ce faire, une enquête ethnobotanique a été conduite dans la Région du Hambol (Nord de la Côte d'Ivoire) à l’issue de laquelle E. floribundus a été sélectionnée. Cette plante passe pour être la plus utilisée dans le traitement des maladies microbiennes. Le criblage phytochimique réalisé sur cette plante a mis en évidence la présence des saponines, glycosides, phénols, tanins, flavonoïdes, quinones, saponosides et des alcaloïdes. L'activité antifongique a été évaluée par la méthode de double dilution sur milieu PDA avec des extraits aqueux et éthanoliques 70 % des feuilles de E. floribundus. Selon les résultats, seuls des extraits éthanoliques 70 % possèdent à la fois des propriétés fongicides sur S. rolfsii (CMI = 6,25 mg/ml et CMF = 12,5 mg/ml) et C. musae (CMI = 50 mg/ml et CMF = 200 mg/ml). S. rolfsii a été plus sensible que C. musae. La présence des différents métabolites secondaires pourraient justifier l’activité antifongique et l’utilisation traditionnelle de la plante
Zirihi Guede Noel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation in vitro du pouvoir fongicide des extraits de erigeron floribundus kunth sch bip asteraceae sur sclerotium rolfsii et Colletotrichum musae deux champignons phytopathogenes
European Scientific Journal ESJ, 2019Co-Authors: Ouattara Katinan Etienne, Camara Djeneb, Doga Dabe, Zirihi Guede NoelAbstract:Phytopathogenic fungi are one of the main causes of the decline and quality of agricultural production. Among these species, Colletotrichum musae and Sclerotium rolfsi cause various diseases including seed rot, seedling meltdown and root rot. They account for about 60% of agricultural production. The chemical control used has adverse effects on human health and the environment. The strategy is therefore the use of methods that are compatible with human health and the environment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antifungal potential of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of E. floribundus leaves on S. rolfsii and C. musae. To this end, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the Hambol Region (northern Cote d'Ivoire), following which E. floribundus was selected. This plant is considered to be the most widely used in the treatment of microbial diseases. Phytochemical screening carried out on this plant revealed the presence of saponins, glycosides, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, quinones, saponosides and alkaloids. The antifungal activity was evaluated by the double dilution method on PDA medium with aqueous and ethanolic extracts 70% of the leaves of E. floribundus. According to the results, only 70% ethanolic extracts have fungicidal properties on both S. rolfsii (MIC = 6.25 mg/ml and MFC = 12.5 mg/ml) and C. musae (MIC = 50 mg/ml and MFC = 200 mg/ml). S. rolfsii was more sensitive than C. musae. The presence of the different secondary metabolites could justify the antifungal activity and traditional use of the plant. Les champignons phytopathogenes constituent l’une des causes principales de la baisse et la qualite de la production agricole. Parmi ces especes, Colletotrichum musae et Sclerotium rolfsi provoquent diverses maladies dont la pourriture des semences, la fonte des semis et la pourriture racinaire. Ils occasionnent environ 60 % de la production agricole. La lutte chimique employee, a des effets nefastes sur la sante humaine et l’environnement. La strategie est donc l’utilisation des methodes compatibles avec la sante humaine et l’environnement. L’objectif de cette etude est d'evaluer le potentiel antifongique des extraits aqueux et ethanolique des feuilles de E. floribundus sur S. rolfsii et C. musae. Pour ce faire, une enquete ethnobotanique a ete conduite dans la Region du Hambol (Nord de la Cote d'Ivoire) a l’issue de laquelle E. floribundus a ete selectionnee. Cette plante passe pour etre la plus utilisee dans le traitement des maladies microbiennes. Le criblage phytochimique realise sur cette plante a mis en evidence la presence des saponines, glycosides, phenols, tanins, flavonoides, quinones, saponosides et des alcaloides. L'activite antifongique a ete evaluee par la methode de double dilution sur milieu PDA avec des extraits aqueux et ethanoliques 70 % des feuilles de E. floribundus. Selon les resultats, seuls des extraits ethanoliques 70 % possedent a la fois des proprietes fongicides sur S. rolfsii (CMI = 6,25 mg/ml et CMF = 12,5 mg/ml) et C. musae (CMI = 50 mg/ml et CMF = 200 mg/ml). S. rolfsii a ete plus sensible que C. musae. La presence des differents metabolites secondaires pourraient justifier l’activite antifongique et l’utilisation traditionnelle de la plante.