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Emperatriz Pacheco De Delahaye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization of some properties of starches isolated from xanthosoma sagittifolium tannia and colocassia esculenta taro
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2005Co-Authors: Elevina Perez, Forrest S Schultz, Emperatriz Pacheco De DelahayeAbstract:In this study, moisture, ash, amylose, phosphorous content, and the gelatinization profiles of starches isolated from Colocasia esculenta (taro), and Xanthosoma sagitifolium (tannia) storage organs were evaluated. The gelatinization profile and the changes in the heat flow or enthalpy during the gelatinization process were evaluated by DSC methodology. The phosphorous and amylose content were also analyzed by a colorimetric method. The results show that the amylose content of the starch isolated from Xanthosoma sagittifolium is higher than those shown by Colocasia esculenta and Manihot esculenta Crantz starches. The phosphorous content was higher in Xanthosoma sagittifolium than Colocasia esculenta or the commercial Manihot esculenta C. starches. The gelatinization profile range is wider in Manihot esculenta C. than the other two starches. Differences in these parameters may affect the functional properties of the products formulated with these starches. The most significant relationship between parameters was found between the amylose and gelatinization profile and enthalpic change and ash.
Ranajit Bandyopadhyay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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first report of leaf blight of taro Colocasia esculenta caused by phytophthora Colocasiae in ghana
Plant Disease, 2012Co-Authors: E Omane, Kamal Sharma, Lava P Kumar, K A Oduro, Eric Cornelius, I Y Opoku, A Y Akrofi, Ranajit BandyopadhyayAbstract:Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is an important food crop cultivated for its edible tubers in Ghana. In May 2009, outbreaks of a destructive leaf disease were observed on several taro farms in the Atiwa, East-Akim, Fanteakwa, West-Akim, and New Juaben districts of the Eastern Region of Ghana. Symptoms began on leaves as small, brown, water-soaked lesions that enlarged and coalesced into large lesions with yellow exudate, ultimately leading to the defoliation and death of plants. Symptoms were suggestive of taro leaf blight (TLB) caused by Phytophthora Colocasiae Raciborski (3). By August 2010, the disease had spread to other taro-growing regions in Ghana. To identify the pathogen, leaf tissue from lesion margins were excised and plated on carrot agar and V8 selective media for Phytophthora and incubated at 27°C for 5 days (2). Growth from diseased tissue was used for morphological characterization. Sporangia were ovoid, hyaline, papillate, caducous, 30 to 60 × 17 to 28 μm, and pedicels were 3.5 to ...
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first report of taro Colocasia esculenta leaf blight caused by phytophthora Colocasiae in nigeria
Plant Disease, 2011Co-Authors: Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Kamal Sharma, T J Onyeka, A Aregbesola, Lava P KumarAbstract:In November 2009, many farmers in Abia State were alarmed by complete destruction of their taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.) crop. Symptoms, suggestive of leaf blight caused by Phytophthora Colocasiae Raciborski (2), began as small, brown, water-soaked lesions that rapidly enlarged to form large, dark brown, coalescing lesions, sometimes with orange host exudations. White sporulation was evident on the lesion surface under wet conditions. The pathogen caused rapid defoliation and killed plants. The epidemic was widespread in 2010 during the rainy season (April to November) in all taro-growing areas of Nigeria. Diseased leaves were collected from taro in Iwo Village near Ibadan, cut into 4-cm2 pieces, washed in several changes of sterile water, and incubated in petri dishes lined with wet filter paper at 22°C. Newly produced sporangia were collected from the incubated leaves and plated on a selective medium (1). Sporangia were hyaline, papillate, and measured 25 to 55 × 15 to 30 μm. Zoospores encyste...
Emmanuel Kofiagyir Sackey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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starch structure and some properties of cocoyam xanthosoma sagittifolium and Colocasia esculenta starch and raphides
Food Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Samuel Sefadedeh, Emmanuel Kofiagyir SackeyAbstract:Abstract Studies were conducted on the structure and rheological properties of three cocoyam varieties [Xanthosoma sagittifolium (red-flesh), Xanthosonia sagittifolium (white-flesh) and Colocasia esculenta] starches and raphides in an attempt to characterize them. The microstructures of starch granules and raphide sizes, which were obtained from the distal, middle and apical sections of the raw cocoyam samples, were examined using a light microscope. Evaluations of the rheological properties of the cocoyam species were also conducted, using a Brabender viscoamylograph. No distinct variation was observed in starch granule sizes of the two Xanthosoma species. Starch granules sizes in the ranges of 0.74–1.19 and 0.74–1.10 μm were obtained for the Xanthosoma species (red-flesh) and Xanthosoma species (white-flesh), respectively. Significantly smaller sizes (0.05–0.08 μm) of starch granules were observed for Colocasia esculenta. Microstructures of raphide sizes which were obtained from the distal section of the cocoyam species showed significant differences (P⩽0.05) among the varieties, with the Colocasia species having more pronounced needle-like structures. Evaluation of the rheological properties of the cocoyam flours, using the Brabender viscoamylograph, showed considerable variations among the varieties, especially between the Xanthosoma species and the Colocasia species. The C. esculenta showed lower hot paste viscosity but higher thermal stability than the Xanthosoma species. Peak viscosity was highest in the X. sagittifolium (red-flesh) variety while the white-flesh variety showed the least tendency to retrogradation.
Lava P Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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first report of leaf blight of taro Colocasia esculenta caused by phytophthora Colocasiae in ghana
Plant Disease, 2012Co-Authors: E Omane, Kamal Sharma, Lava P Kumar, K A Oduro, Eric Cornelius, I Y Opoku, A Y Akrofi, Ranajit BandyopadhyayAbstract:Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is an important food crop cultivated for its edible tubers in Ghana. In May 2009, outbreaks of a destructive leaf disease were observed on several taro farms in the Atiwa, East-Akim, Fanteakwa, West-Akim, and New Juaben districts of the Eastern Region of Ghana. Symptoms began on leaves as small, brown, water-soaked lesions that enlarged and coalesced into large lesions with yellow exudate, ultimately leading to the defoliation and death of plants. Symptoms were suggestive of taro leaf blight (TLB) caused by Phytophthora Colocasiae Raciborski (3). By August 2010, the disease had spread to other taro-growing regions in Ghana. To identify the pathogen, leaf tissue from lesion margins were excised and plated on carrot agar and V8 selective media for Phytophthora and incubated at 27°C for 5 days (2). Growth from diseased tissue was used for morphological characterization. Sporangia were ovoid, hyaline, papillate, caducous, 30 to 60 × 17 to 28 μm, and pedicels were 3.5 to ...
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first report of taro Colocasia esculenta leaf blight caused by phytophthora Colocasiae in nigeria
Plant Disease, 2011Co-Authors: Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Kamal Sharma, T J Onyeka, A Aregbesola, Lava P KumarAbstract:In November 2009, many farmers in Abia State were alarmed by complete destruction of their taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.) crop. Symptoms, suggestive of leaf blight caused by Phytophthora Colocasiae Raciborski (2), began as small, brown, water-soaked lesions that rapidly enlarged to form large, dark brown, coalescing lesions, sometimes with orange host exudations. White sporulation was evident on the lesion surface under wet conditions. The pathogen caused rapid defoliation and killed plants. The epidemic was widespread in 2010 during the rainy season (April to November) in all taro-growing areas of Nigeria. Diseased leaves were collected from taro in Iwo Village near Ibadan, cut into 4-cm2 pieces, washed in several changes of sterile water, and incubated in petri dishes lined with wet filter paper at 22°C. Newly produced sporangia were collected from the incubated leaves and plated on a selective medium (1). Sporangia were hyaline, papillate, and measured 25 to 55 × 15 to 30 μm. Zoospores encyste...
Michel E. Ghanem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The tale of taro leaf blight: a global effort to safeguard the genetic diversity of taro in the Pacific
Food Security, 2020Co-Authors: Sefra Alexandra, Nelissa Jamora, Melinda Smale, Michel E. GhanemAbstract:This paper examines the vital role of genebanks in the conservation and use of plant genetic resources, highlighting the South Pacific’s version of the Irish Potato Famine and the organizational interdependence necessary to respond to disastrous losses in a cultivated food crop. We conducted an ethnobotanical fieldwork in Fiji, Vanuatu, and the Cook Islands, interviewing over 50 taro experts and farmers to gather the ‘Tale of Taro Leaf Blight’. Taro is the staple ‘prestige’ food crop of Samoa but in 1993, taro leaf blight (TLB), Phytophthora Colocasiae , caused an almost 100% loss of the crop, threatening both food security and traditional cultural practices. Several international organizations were formed to conduct botanical expeditions to re-gather crop wild relatives of taro, Colocasia esculenta , from their various centres of origin. This parental material was used in a 10-year breeding cycle process to produce viable TLB-resistant varieties and replant the fallow fields of Samoa. The duty to safeguard these global accessions led to the formalization of CePaCT, which houses this core collection. The collection, conservation, multiplication, and distribution of taro has had a significant impact beyond the regional needs of the Pacific. Taro germplasm samples were distributed to countries worldwide affected by the blight, aiding in staving off potential famines and economic crises. This ancient aroid is one of the most consumed vegetables in the Pacific. It is an indispensable nutritional and caloric resource for subsistence farming nations, and carries deep ethnobotanical and cultural significance.