The Experts below are selected from a list of 34968 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David Hilbert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Color realism and Color Science
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2003Co-Authors: Alex Byrne, David HilbertAbstract:The target article is an attempt to make some progress on the problem of Color realism. Are objects Colored? And what is the nature of the Color properties? We defend the view that physical objects (for instance, tomatoes, radishes, and rubies) are Colored, and that Colors are physical properties, specifically, types of reflectance. This is probably a minority opinion, at least among Color scientists. Textbooks frequently claim that physical objects are not Colored, and that the Colors are "subjective" or "in the mind." The article has two other purposes: First, to introduce an interdisciplinary audience to some distinctively philosophical tools that are useful in tackling the problem of Color realism and, second, to clarify the various positions and central arguments in the debate. The first part explains the problem of Color realism and makes some useful distinctions. These distinctions are then used to expose various confusions that often prevent people from seeing that the issues are genuine and difficult, and that the problem of Color realism ought to be of interest to anyone working in the field of Color Science. The second part explains the various leading answers to the prob- lem of Color realism, and (briefly) argues that all views other than our own have serious difficulties or are unmotivated. The third part explains and motivates our own view, that Colors are types of reflectances and defends it against objections made in the recent literature that are often taken as fatal.
Angela Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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understanding the Science experiences of successful women of Color Science identity as an analytic lens
Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2007Co-Authors: Heidi B Carlone, Angela JohnsonAbstract:In this study, we develop a model of Science identity to make sense of the Science experiences of 15 successful women of Color over the course of their undergraduate and graduate studies in Science and into Science-related careers. In our view, Science identity accounts both for how women make meaning of Science experiences and how society structures possible meanings. Primary data included ethnographic interviews during students' undergraduate careers, follow-up interviews 6 years later, and ongoing member-checking. Our results highlight the importance of recognition by others for women in the three Science identity trajectories: research scientist; altruistic scientist; and disrupted scientist. The women with research scientist identities were passionate about Science and recognized themselves and were recognized by Science faculty as Science people. The women with altruistic scientist identities regarded Science as a vehicle for altruism and created innovative meanings of ''Science,'' ''recognition by others,'' and ''woman of Color in Science.'' The women with disrupted scientist identities sought, but did not often receive, recognition by meaningful scientific others. Although they were ultimately successful, their trajectories were more difficult because, in part, their bids for recognition were disrupted by the interaction with gendered, ethnic, and racial factors. This study clarifies theoretical conceptions of Science identity, promotes a rethinking of recruitment and retention efforts, and illuminates various ways women of Color experience, make meaning of, and negotiate the culture of Science. 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 1187-1218, 2007.
Diyuan Tzeng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a review of principal component analysis and its applications to Color technology
Color Research and Application, 2005Co-Authors: Diyuan Tzeng, Roy S BernsAbstract:Principal component analysis, abbreviated PCA, has been an important and useful mathematical tool in Color technology since the 1960s. Its uses have included defining tolerance intervals and ellipsoidal regions, estimating Colorant spectral properties from mixtures, deriving CIE daylight, data reduction for large ensembles of spectra, and spectral imaging. Although PCA is a common topic in many engineering disciplines, statistics, and mathematics, many Color-technology professionals and Color-Science students come from disciplines where this technique is not part of their curricula. It is from this perspective that this review publication was written. The purpose of this publication is to describe PCA and present examples in its use for Colorant estimation, spectral data reduction, and defining multidimensional confidence regions for Colorimetric scatter data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 84–98, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interScience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20086
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multispectral based Color reproduction research at the munsell Color Science laboratory
electronic imaging, 1998Co-Authors: Francisco H Imai, Peter D Burns, Diyuan TzengAbstract:The traditional techniques of image capture, scanning, proofing, and separating do not take advantage of Colorimetry and spectrophotometry. For critical Color-matching applications such as catalog sales, art-book reproductions, and computer-aided design, typical images, although pleasing, are unacceptable with respect to Color accuracy. The limitations that lead to these errors have a well-defined theoretical basis and are a result of current hardware and software. This has led us to a re-examination of the traditional graphic reproduction paradigm. A research and development program has begun that will alleviate the theoretical limitations associated with traditional techniques. There are four main phases: (1) Multi-spectral image capture, (2) Spectral-based separation and printing algorithm development, (3) Implementation on press, and (4) Systems integration with data and image archives. This paper describes this new paradigm, summarizes recent research results, and considers implementation opportunities.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Guglielmo Lanzani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Organic-based tristimuli Colorimeter
Applied Physics Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Maria Rosa Antognazza, Uwe Scherf, Paolo Monti, Guglielmo LanzaniAbstract:The authors realize three photodiodes based on organic materials, which have photoresponse curves matched to the Colorimetric functions of the standard observer. Such a system of detectors is used for realizing a three-stimuli Colorimeter. They report the result of measurements in different spectral areas and suggest possible application of the device in Color Science and artificial vision.
Thomas E Madden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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digital Color management encoding solutions
1998Co-Authors: Edward J Giorgianni, Thomas E MaddenAbstract:From the Book: PREFACE: Digital Color imaging is one of today's most exciting and fastest growing fields. As evidence, one only need consider that according to industry estimates, more digital Color images were produced during the past year alone than the total number produced in all previous years! The excitement and phenomenal growth in the field are not surprising, because digital technology offers unprecedented capabilities for editing, manipulating, storing, and displaying Color images. But that technology is not without problems. In particular: Many current digital imaging systems do not produce predictable Color results. Most systems will not work with all of the different types of imaging devices and media now available. It is often difficult or impossible to successfully exchange digital Color images among different types of systems. Although numerous solutions to these problems have been offeredgenerally in the form of Color-management applications and image file format standardsnone has been entirely successful. This is a most serious concern, because until these problems are solved, the full potential of digital Color imaging cannot be realized. We believe there is an underlying reason why these problems persist: The basic technology of Color encodingthe representation of Color in numerical formis not widely understood. While that is unfortunate, it also is understandable. The Sciences of Color and digital imaging are enormous in scope, and that has made it extremely difficult for equipment and media manufacturers, application developers, system designers, and others to findneededinformation. That is why we have written this book. Our objective was to produce a single text containing all the essential information required for a solid understanding of the technology of representing and managing Color in the digital domain. The book is intended for scientists, engineers, programmers, and others who are interested in developing that understanding. While we expect that most readers will have some scientific background and a basic familiarity with digital imaging, we have not assumed any specific prior knowledge of Color. For that reason, we have provided background information as necessary, and we have included explanations of all required Color Science. Among other benefits, a knowledge of digital Color-encoding technology will allow the reader to comprehend fully such current topics as Photo CD System Color, device-independent Color, Color interchange standards, and Color- management systems. More generally, understanding the basic principles of numerically representing Color is essential for anyone concerned with the successful input, storage, editing, interchange, and output of digital Color images. We sincerely hope that those seeking information on this subject will find our book useful and interesting. Acknowledgments We wish to thank the following principal reviewers for their many helpful comments and suggestions: Paula J. Alessi, Ira A. Gold, H. Scott Gregory, Jr., Robert W. G. Hunt, John T. Keech, Thomas O. Maier, Elizabeth McInerney, Robert F. Poe, Michael R. Pointer, Charles Poynton, Chris Sears, John S. Setchell, Jr., and Michael Stokes. We also wish to thank Paul L. Day, Jr., Timothy Harrigan, and Cynthia A. Pellow for their assistance in preparing the photographic images used in this book and Frank R. Brockler for preparing the three-dimensional figures.