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Ghassan Chebbo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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priority pollutants in urban stormwater part 2 case of Combined Sewers
Water Research, 2012Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Régis Moilleron, Vincent Rocher, S. Zgheib, Mathieu Cladiere, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:Abstract This study has evaluated the quality of Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in an urban watershed, such as Paris, by providing accurate data on the occurrence of priority pollutants (PPs) and additional substances, as well as on the significance of their concentrations in comparison with wastewater and stormwater. Of the 88 substances monitored, 49 PPs were detected, with most of these also being frequently encountered in wastewater and stormwater, thus confirming their ubiquity in urban settings. For the majority of organic substances, concentrations range between 0.01 and 1 μg l −1 , while metals tend to display concentrations above 10 μg l −1 . Despite this ubiquity, CSO, wastewater and stormwater feature a number of differences in both their concentration ranges and pollutant patterns. For most hydrophobic organic pollutants and some particulate-bound metals, CSOs exhibit higher concentrations than those found in stormwater and wastewater, due to the contribution of in-sewer deposit erosion. For pesticides and Zn, CSOs have shown concentrations close to those of stormwater, suggesting runoff as the major contributor, while wastewater appears to be the main source of volatile organic compounds. Surprisingly, similar concentration ranges have been found for DEHP and tributyltin compounds in CSOs, wastewater and stormwater. The last section of this article identifies substances for which CSO discharges might constitute a major risk of exceeding Environmental Quality Standards in receiving waters and moreover indicates a significant risk for PAHs, tributyltin compounds and chloroalkanes. The data generated during this survey can subsequently be used to identify PPs of potential significance that merit further investigation.
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Research of trace metals as markers of entry pathways in Combined Sewers.
Water Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: C. Gounou, S. Garnaud, Gilles Varrault, Régis Moilleron, Johnny Gasperi, K. Amedzro, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:Combined Sewers receive high toxic trace metal loads emitted by various sources, such as traffic, industry, urban heating and building materials. During heavy rain events, Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) can occur and, if so, are discharged directly into the aquatic system and therefore could have an acute impact on receiving waters. In this study, the concentrations of 18 metals have been measured in 89 samples drawn from the three pollutant Entry Pathways in Combined Sewers (EPCS): i) roof runoff, ii) street runoff, and iii) industrial and domestic effluents and also drawn from sewer deposits (SD). The aim of this research is to identify metallic markers for each EPCS; the data matrix was submitted to principal component analysis in order to determine metallic markers for the three EPCS and SD. This study highlights the fact that metallic content variability across samples from different EPCS and SD exceeds the spatio-temporal variability of samples from the same EPCS. In the catchment studied here, the most valuable EPCS and SD markers are lead, sodium, boron, antimony and zinc; these markers could be used in future studies to identify the contributions of each EPCS to CSO metallic loads.
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assessment of annual pollutant loads in Combined Sewers from continuous turbidity measurements sensitivity to calibration data
Water Research, 2009Co-Authors: Celine Lacour, Claude Joannis, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:This article presents a methodology for assessing annual wet weather Suspended Solids (SS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) loads in Combined Sewers, along with the associated uncertainties from continuous turbidity measurements. The proposed method is applied to data from various urban catchments in the cities of Paris and Nantes. The focus here concerns the impact of the number of rain events sampled for calibration (i.e. through establishing linear SS/turbidity or COD/turbidity relationships) on the uncertainty of annual pollutant load assessments. Two calculation methods are investigated, both of which rely on Monte Carlo simulations: random assignment of event-specific calibration relationships to each individual rain event, and the use of an overall relationship built from the entire available data set. Since results indicate a fairly low inter-event variability for calibration relationship parameters, an accurate assessment of pollutant loads can be derived, even when fewer than 10 events are sampled for calibration purposes. For operational applications, these results suggest that turbidity could provide a more precise evaluation of pollutant loads at lower cost than typical sampling methods.
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Settling Velocity Grading of Particle Bound PAHs: Case of Wet Weather Flows within Combined Sewer Systems
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE, 2009Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Régis Moilleron, Marie-christine Gromaire, C. Lorgeoux, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:The elaboration, management, and design of the sedimentation devices require an improved knowledge not only on the suspended solids (SS) settling velocity but also on the distributions of these particulate pollutants by category of SS settling velocity. Nevertheless, there is currently a lack of available data regarding the settling velocity grading of particle bound pollutants. As a consequence, this study investigating the settling velocity grading of particle bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wet weather flows within Combined Sewers was launched. The pursed objectives were to compare the SS and PAH settling velocity grading curves and hence to assess whether or not PAHs were associated with a specific settling velocity category. Investigations were carried out for three storms at two sampling sites within the Parisian Combined sewer. Results indicate that most of PAHs seem to be preferentially associated with particles with a settling velocity >0.3 mm s(-1).
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wastewater quality and pollutant loads in Combined Sewers during dry weather periods
Urban Water Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Régis Moilleron, Marie-christine Gromaire, Kafi M Benyahia, Catherine Lorgeoux, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:An observatory of urban pollutants was created in Paris in order to assess, at the urban catchment scale, the quality of sanitary sewage and pollutant loads during dry weather periods in the Paris Combined sewer. Investigations were carried out for six urban catchments (varying from 42 to 2580 ha) focusing on a wide range of parameters, including: suspended solids (SS), chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD5), total organic carbon (TOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn), and aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs and PAHs). Despite the marginal intra-site variability of some pollutants, which serves to reflect the impact of point sources, this work attests to the spatial homogeneity, at the physical scales considered, of wastewater quality and pollutant loads within the Paris Combined sewer network. These results imply that similar production and transfer processes are occurring within Sewers during dry weather periods and strongly suggest that data o...
Marie-christine Gromaire - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Settling Velocity Grading of Particle Bound PAHs: Case of Wet Weather Flows within Combined Sewer Systems
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE, 2009Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Régis Moilleron, Marie-christine Gromaire, C. Lorgeoux, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:The elaboration, management, and design of the sedimentation devices require an improved knowledge not only on the suspended solids (SS) settling velocity but also on the distributions of these particulate pollutants by category of SS settling velocity. Nevertheless, there is currently a lack of available data regarding the settling velocity grading of particle bound pollutants. As a consequence, this study investigating the settling velocity grading of particle bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wet weather flows within Combined Sewers was launched. The pursed objectives were to compare the SS and PAH settling velocity grading curves and hence to assess whether or not PAHs were associated with a specific settling velocity category. Investigations were carried out for three storms at two sampling sites within the Parisian Combined sewer. Results indicate that most of PAHs seem to be preferentially associated with particles with a settling velocity >0.3 mm s(-1).
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wastewater quality and pollutant loads in Combined Sewers during dry weather periods
Urban Water Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Régis Moilleron, Marie-christine Gromaire, Kafi M Benyahia, Catherine Lorgeoux, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:An observatory of urban pollutants was created in Paris in order to assess, at the urban catchment scale, the quality of sanitary sewage and pollutant loads during dry weather periods in the Paris Combined sewer. Investigations were carried out for six urban catchments (varying from 42 to 2580 ha) focusing on a wide range of parameters, including: suspended solids (SS), chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD5), total organic carbon (TOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn), and aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs and PAHs). Despite the marginal intra-site variability of some pollutants, which serves to reflect the impact of point sources, this work attests to the spatial homogeneity, at the physical scales considered, of wastewater quality and pollutant loads within the Paris Combined sewer network. These results imply that similar production and transfer processes are occurring within Sewers during dry weather periods and strongly suggest that data o...
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Bed shear stress evaluation in Combined Sewers
Urban Water Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Marie-christine Gromaire, Vladan Milisic, M. Saad, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:Experiments have been undertaken on two sewer trunk lines in order to identify an accurate and practical technique for estimating bed shear stresses in Combined Sewers. Various methods were tested to determine both local bed shear stress values (one based on the logarithmic velocity profile and the other on the Reynolds shear stress distribution) and mean bed shear stress values (using a method based on the energy slope). Velocity measurements were performed using a micropropeller and an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) under dry weather flow conditions. In Sewers without sediments, both the wall law and Reynolds shear stress distribution methods lead to the same bed shear stress estimation. A method based on the logarithmic velocity profile obtained by micropropeller is proposed herein to evaluate local shear stress in Combined Sewers. Calculations based on channel slope lead to an over-estimation of bed shear stress due to the inaccuracy of bed slope data. If the energy slope S c , as calculated from ...
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Bed shear stress evaluation in Combined Sewers
Urban Water Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Marie-christine Gromaire, Vladan Milisic, M. Saad, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:Experiments have been undertaken on two sewer trunk lines in order to identify an accurate and practical technique for estimating bed shear stresses in Combined Sewers. Various methods were tested to determine both local bed shear stress values (one based on the logarithmic velocity profile and the other on the Reynolds shear stress distribution) and mean bed shear stress values (using a method based on the energy slope). Velocity measurements were performed using a micropropeller and an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) under dry weather flow conditions. In Sewers without sediments, both the wall law and Reynolds shear stress distribution methods lead to the same bed shear stress estimation. A method based on the logarithmic velocity profile obtained by micropropeller is proposed herein to evaluate local shear stress in Combined Sewers. Calculations based on channel slope lead to an over-estimation of bed shear stress due to the inaccuracy of bed slope data. If the energy slope S c , as calculated from ...
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Sterols: a tracer of organic matter in Combined Sewers
Water Science and Technology, 2008Co-Authors: S. Zgheib, Marie-christine Gromaire, C. Lorgeoux, Mohamed Saad, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:The important organic pollution of Combined wet weather flows (WWF), its acute impact on receiving waters have been widely demonstrated. The main three possibly origins for this organic pollution are: runoff water (streets and roofs), wastewater and erosion of sewer sediments in Combined sewer system. This work, for tracing the origin of organic particles bound in Combined sewer system, has been focused on the innovative use of sterols. So, eight sterols have been selected and analysed for each kind of sample. Results are represented in contents of sterols (microg g(-1)) and in sterol profiles (%). The comparison of contents and profiles leads the separation between two groups: runoff water, characterized by the total absence of coprostanol, epicoprostanol and coprostanone, and the group of sewer deposits (gross bed sediment (GBS), organic layer (OL), biofilms) and wastewater. Moreover, sewer deposits and wastewater can be distinguished by their sterol contents and profiles. To evaluate their contribution to WWF a comparison between sterol signatures is done which shows that these effluents have a strong similarity in profiles and in contents of sterols to the organic layer.
Johnny Gasperi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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priority pollutants in urban stormwater part 2 case of Combined Sewers
Water Research, 2012Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Régis Moilleron, Vincent Rocher, S. Zgheib, Mathieu Cladiere, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:Abstract This study has evaluated the quality of Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in an urban watershed, such as Paris, by providing accurate data on the occurrence of priority pollutants (PPs) and additional substances, as well as on the significance of their concentrations in comparison with wastewater and stormwater. Of the 88 substances monitored, 49 PPs were detected, with most of these also being frequently encountered in wastewater and stormwater, thus confirming their ubiquity in urban settings. For the majority of organic substances, concentrations range between 0.01 and 1 μg l −1 , while metals tend to display concentrations above 10 μg l −1 . Despite this ubiquity, CSO, wastewater and stormwater feature a number of differences in both their concentration ranges and pollutant patterns. For most hydrophobic organic pollutants and some particulate-bound metals, CSOs exhibit higher concentrations than those found in stormwater and wastewater, due to the contribution of in-sewer deposit erosion. For pesticides and Zn, CSOs have shown concentrations close to those of stormwater, suggesting runoff as the major contributor, while wastewater appears to be the main source of volatile organic compounds. Surprisingly, similar concentration ranges have been found for DEHP and tributyltin compounds in CSOs, wastewater and stormwater. The last section of this article identifies substances for which CSO discharges might constitute a major risk of exceeding Environmental Quality Standards in receiving waters and moreover indicates a significant risk for PAHs, tributyltin compounds and chloroalkanes. The data generated during this survey can subsequently be used to identify PPs of potential significance that merit further investigation.
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Combined sewer overflows and EU Water Framework Directive.
2011Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Vincent Rocher, Mathieu Cladiere, Régis MoilleronAbstract:The Community strategy against pollution of surface water control policy was set out by the European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC which lays down new procedures for the identification of substances and development of control measures. After the decision n° 2455/2001/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 November 2001 setting out the first list of 33 substances or groups of substances that have been prioritized for action at community level, the Commission adopted on 17 July 2006 a Directive setting environmental quality standards for the priority substances which Member States must achieve by 2015, to ensure a "good chemical surface water status". Prior to achieve this objective by identifying possible reduction measures, an accurate knowledge on these substances at the different stages of the urban water cycle is required. Though some studies were launched to identify the occurrence and the significance of priority pollutants (PPs) in wastewaters (Rule et al., 2006ab; Palmquist and Hanaeus, 2005), no study focused on the quality of wet weather flows and Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) within Combined Sewers, more especially for a heavily urbanized area such as Paris (France). Due to the lack of available information on the PP levels within Combined Sewers during wet periods, the OPUR research program (Observatory of Urban Pollutants in Paris, France) launched this study. Its objectives are i) to assess the priority pollutant concentrations, ii) to compare these concentrations to those observed in wastewater and runoff, and finally iii) to compare the measured concentrations to the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS). This survey constitutes one of the first studies in Europe to report data for a variety of priority substances in CSOs. A large range of PPs in CSO was observed, and most of them present concentrations in the μg.l-1 range, or even up to 10 μg.l-1. These results are of critical importance since the data generated for a predetermined number of hazardous substances may be used in the future to identify PPs of potential significance and to elaborate strategies for new monitoring programmes for both CSOs and receiving waters.
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Research of trace metals as markers of entry pathways in Combined Sewers.
Water Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: C. Gounou, S. Garnaud, Gilles Varrault, Régis Moilleron, Johnny Gasperi, K. Amedzro, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:Combined Sewers receive high toxic trace metal loads emitted by various sources, such as traffic, industry, urban heating and building materials. During heavy rain events, Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) can occur and, if so, are discharged directly into the aquatic system and therefore could have an acute impact on receiving waters. In this study, the concentrations of 18 metals have been measured in 89 samples drawn from the three pollutant Entry Pathways in Combined Sewers (EPCS): i) roof runoff, ii) street runoff, and iii) industrial and domestic effluents and also drawn from sewer deposits (SD). The aim of this research is to identify metallic markers for each EPCS; the data matrix was submitted to principal component analysis in order to determine metallic markers for the three EPCS and SD. This study highlights the fact that metallic content variability across samples from different EPCS and SD exceeds the spatio-temporal variability of samples from the same EPCS. In the catchment studied here, the most valuable EPCS and SD markers are lead, sodium, boron, antimony and zinc; these markers could be used in future studies to identify the contributions of each EPCS to CSO metallic loads.
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Settling Velocity Grading of Particle Bound PAHs: Case of Wet Weather Flows within Combined Sewer Systems
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE, 2009Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Régis Moilleron, Marie-christine Gromaire, C. Lorgeoux, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:The elaboration, management, and design of the sedimentation devices require an improved knowledge not only on the suspended solids (SS) settling velocity but also on the distributions of these particulate pollutants by category of SS settling velocity. Nevertheless, there is currently a lack of available data regarding the settling velocity grading of particle bound pollutants. As a consequence, this study investigating the settling velocity grading of particle bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wet weather flows within Combined Sewers was launched. The pursed objectives were to compare the SS and PAH settling velocity grading curves and hence to assess whether or not PAHs were associated with a specific settling velocity category. Investigations were carried out for three storms at two sampling sites within the Parisian Combined sewer. Results indicate that most of PAHs seem to be preferentially associated with particles with a settling velocity >0.3 mm s(-1).
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Priority pollutants in wastewater and Combined sewer overflow.
Science of The Total Environment, 2008Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, S. Garnaud, Vincent Rocher, Régis MoilleronAbstract:Implementation of the European Water Framework Directive and its affiliated directives requires Member States to improve their understanding of priority pollutants (PPs) in urban areas and obviously within wastewater systems. As a direct consequence, this study is intended to furnish data on both PP occurrence and the significance of concentrations in wastewater during dry and wet periods within Combined Sewers. Various sampling sites within the Paris Combined sewer network were selected; for each sample, a total of 66 determinants, including metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, organotins, volatile organic compounds, chlorobenzenes, phthalates and alkylphenols, were analysed. A broad range of PPs was observed in wastewater during dry as well as wet weather periods. Of the 66 elements investigated, 33 and 40 priority substances could be observed in raw sewage and wet weather effluent, respectively. As expected, a majority of metals were present in all samples, reflecting their ubiquitous nature. For both periods, chlorobenzenes and most of the pesticides always remained below the limit of quantification, while the majority of other organic pollutants assessed were identified within the microg l(-1) range. As highlighted by the larger number of substances detected in wet weather samples and the significance of their concentrations, runoff via atmospheric inputs and/or surface leaching was found to induce a wider range of PPs (n=40) and lead to higher concentrations of certain metals, PAHs, pesticides and other individual compounds. The data generated during this survey, which constitutes one of the first studies conducted in Europe to report concentrations for a variety of priority substances in wastewater within Combined Sewers, may be used in the future to identify PPs of potential significance for dry and wet weather periods and targeted for further investigation.
Régis Moilleron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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priority pollutants in urban stormwater part 2 case of Combined Sewers
Water Research, 2012Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Régis Moilleron, Vincent Rocher, S. Zgheib, Mathieu Cladiere, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:Abstract This study has evaluated the quality of Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in an urban watershed, such as Paris, by providing accurate data on the occurrence of priority pollutants (PPs) and additional substances, as well as on the significance of their concentrations in comparison with wastewater and stormwater. Of the 88 substances monitored, 49 PPs were detected, with most of these also being frequently encountered in wastewater and stormwater, thus confirming their ubiquity in urban settings. For the majority of organic substances, concentrations range between 0.01 and 1 μg l −1 , while metals tend to display concentrations above 10 μg l −1 . Despite this ubiquity, CSO, wastewater and stormwater feature a number of differences in both their concentration ranges and pollutant patterns. For most hydrophobic organic pollutants and some particulate-bound metals, CSOs exhibit higher concentrations than those found in stormwater and wastewater, due to the contribution of in-sewer deposit erosion. For pesticides and Zn, CSOs have shown concentrations close to those of stormwater, suggesting runoff as the major contributor, while wastewater appears to be the main source of volatile organic compounds. Surprisingly, similar concentration ranges have been found for DEHP and tributyltin compounds in CSOs, wastewater and stormwater. The last section of this article identifies substances for which CSO discharges might constitute a major risk of exceeding Environmental Quality Standards in receiving waters and moreover indicates a significant risk for PAHs, tributyltin compounds and chloroalkanes. The data generated during this survey can subsequently be used to identify PPs of potential significance that merit further investigation.
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Combined sewer overflows and EU Water Framework Directive.
2011Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Vincent Rocher, Mathieu Cladiere, Régis MoilleronAbstract:The Community strategy against pollution of surface water control policy was set out by the European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC which lays down new procedures for the identification of substances and development of control measures. After the decision n° 2455/2001/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 November 2001 setting out the first list of 33 substances or groups of substances that have been prioritized for action at community level, the Commission adopted on 17 July 2006 a Directive setting environmental quality standards for the priority substances which Member States must achieve by 2015, to ensure a "good chemical surface water status". Prior to achieve this objective by identifying possible reduction measures, an accurate knowledge on these substances at the different stages of the urban water cycle is required. Though some studies were launched to identify the occurrence and the significance of priority pollutants (PPs) in wastewaters (Rule et al., 2006ab; Palmquist and Hanaeus, 2005), no study focused on the quality of wet weather flows and Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) within Combined Sewers, more especially for a heavily urbanized area such as Paris (France). Due to the lack of available information on the PP levels within Combined Sewers during wet periods, the OPUR research program (Observatory of Urban Pollutants in Paris, France) launched this study. Its objectives are i) to assess the priority pollutant concentrations, ii) to compare these concentrations to those observed in wastewater and runoff, and finally iii) to compare the measured concentrations to the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS). This survey constitutes one of the first studies in Europe to report data for a variety of priority substances in CSOs. A large range of PPs in CSO was observed, and most of them present concentrations in the μg.l-1 range, or even up to 10 μg.l-1. These results are of critical importance since the data generated for a predetermined number of hazardous substances may be used in the future to identify PPs of potential significance and to elaborate strategies for new monitoring programmes for both CSOs and receiving waters.
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Research of trace metals as markers of entry pathways in Combined Sewers.
Water Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: C. Gounou, S. Garnaud, Gilles Varrault, Régis Moilleron, Johnny Gasperi, K. Amedzro, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:Combined Sewers receive high toxic trace metal loads emitted by various sources, such as traffic, industry, urban heating and building materials. During heavy rain events, Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) can occur and, if so, are discharged directly into the aquatic system and therefore could have an acute impact on receiving waters. In this study, the concentrations of 18 metals have been measured in 89 samples drawn from the three pollutant Entry Pathways in Combined Sewers (EPCS): i) roof runoff, ii) street runoff, and iii) industrial and domestic effluents and also drawn from sewer deposits (SD). The aim of this research is to identify metallic markers for each EPCS; the data matrix was submitted to principal component analysis in order to determine metallic markers for the three EPCS and SD. This study highlights the fact that metallic content variability across samples from different EPCS and SD exceeds the spatio-temporal variability of samples from the same EPCS. In the catchment studied here, the most valuable EPCS and SD markers are lead, sodium, boron, antimony and zinc; these markers could be used in future studies to identify the contributions of each EPCS to CSO metallic loads.
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Settling Velocity Grading of Particle Bound PAHs: Case of Wet Weather Flows within Combined Sewer Systems
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE, 2009Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Régis Moilleron, Marie-christine Gromaire, C. Lorgeoux, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:The elaboration, management, and design of the sedimentation devices require an improved knowledge not only on the suspended solids (SS) settling velocity but also on the distributions of these particulate pollutants by category of SS settling velocity. Nevertheless, there is currently a lack of available data regarding the settling velocity grading of particle bound pollutants. As a consequence, this study investigating the settling velocity grading of particle bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wet weather flows within Combined Sewers was launched. The pursed objectives were to compare the SS and PAH settling velocity grading curves and hence to assess whether or not PAHs were associated with a specific settling velocity category. Investigations were carried out for three storms at two sampling sites within the Parisian Combined sewer. Results indicate that most of PAHs seem to be preferentially associated with particles with a settling velocity >0.3 mm s(-1).
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Priority pollutants in wastewater and Combined sewer overflow.
Science of The Total Environment, 2008Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, S. Garnaud, Vincent Rocher, Régis MoilleronAbstract:Implementation of the European Water Framework Directive and its affiliated directives requires Member States to improve their understanding of priority pollutants (PPs) in urban areas and obviously within wastewater systems. As a direct consequence, this study is intended to furnish data on both PP occurrence and the significance of concentrations in wastewater during dry and wet periods within Combined Sewers. Various sampling sites within the Paris Combined sewer network were selected; for each sample, a total of 66 determinants, including metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, organotins, volatile organic compounds, chlorobenzenes, phthalates and alkylphenols, were analysed. A broad range of PPs was observed in wastewater during dry as well as wet weather periods. Of the 66 elements investigated, 33 and 40 priority substances could be observed in raw sewage and wet weather effluent, respectively. As expected, a majority of metals were present in all samples, reflecting their ubiquitous nature. For both periods, chlorobenzenes and most of the pesticides always remained below the limit of quantification, while the majority of other organic pollutants assessed were identified within the microg l(-1) range. As highlighted by the larger number of substances detected in wet weather samples and the significance of their concentrations, runoff via atmospheric inputs and/or surface leaching was found to induce a wider range of PPs (n=40) and lead to higher concentrations of certain metals, PAHs, pesticides and other individual compounds. The data generated during this survey, which constitutes one of the first studies conducted in Europe to report concentrations for a variety of priority substances in wastewater within Combined Sewers, may be used in the future to identify PPs of potential significance for dry and wet weather periods and targeted for further investigation.
Vincent Rocher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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priority pollutants in urban stormwater part 2 case of Combined Sewers
Water Research, 2012Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Régis Moilleron, Vincent Rocher, S. Zgheib, Mathieu Cladiere, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:Abstract This study has evaluated the quality of Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in an urban watershed, such as Paris, by providing accurate data on the occurrence of priority pollutants (PPs) and additional substances, as well as on the significance of their concentrations in comparison with wastewater and stormwater. Of the 88 substances monitored, 49 PPs were detected, with most of these also being frequently encountered in wastewater and stormwater, thus confirming their ubiquity in urban settings. For the majority of organic substances, concentrations range between 0.01 and 1 μg l −1 , while metals tend to display concentrations above 10 μg l −1 . Despite this ubiquity, CSO, wastewater and stormwater feature a number of differences in both their concentration ranges and pollutant patterns. For most hydrophobic organic pollutants and some particulate-bound metals, CSOs exhibit higher concentrations than those found in stormwater and wastewater, due to the contribution of in-sewer deposit erosion. For pesticides and Zn, CSOs have shown concentrations close to those of stormwater, suggesting runoff as the major contributor, while wastewater appears to be the main source of volatile organic compounds. Surprisingly, similar concentration ranges have been found for DEHP and tributyltin compounds in CSOs, wastewater and stormwater. The last section of this article identifies substances for which CSO discharges might constitute a major risk of exceeding Environmental Quality Standards in receiving waters and moreover indicates a significant risk for PAHs, tributyltin compounds and chloroalkanes. The data generated during this survey can subsequently be used to identify PPs of potential significance that merit further investigation.
-
Combined sewer overflows and EU Water Framework Directive.
2011Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Vincent Rocher, Mathieu Cladiere, Régis MoilleronAbstract:The Community strategy against pollution of surface water control policy was set out by the European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC which lays down new procedures for the identification of substances and development of control measures. After the decision n° 2455/2001/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 November 2001 setting out the first list of 33 substances or groups of substances that have been prioritized for action at community level, the Commission adopted on 17 July 2006 a Directive setting environmental quality standards for the priority substances which Member States must achieve by 2015, to ensure a "good chemical surface water status". Prior to achieve this objective by identifying possible reduction measures, an accurate knowledge on these substances at the different stages of the urban water cycle is required. Though some studies were launched to identify the occurrence and the significance of priority pollutants (PPs) in wastewaters (Rule et al., 2006ab; Palmquist and Hanaeus, 2005), no study focused on the quality of wet weather flows and Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) within Combined Sewers, more especially for a heavily urbanized area such as Paris (France). Due to the lack of available information on the PP levels within Combined Sewers during wet periods, the OPUR research program (Observatory of Urban Pollutants in Paris, France) launched this study. Its objectives are i) to assess the priority pollutant concentrations, ii) to compare these concentrations to those observed in wastewater and runoff, and finally iii) to compare the measured concentrations to the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS). This survey constitutes one of the first studies in Europe to report data for a variety of priority substances in CSOs. A large range of PPs in CSO was observed, and most of them present concentrations in the μg.l-1 range, or even up to 10 μg.l-1. These results are of critical importance since the data generated for a predetermined number of hazardous substances may be used in the future to identify PPs of potential significance and to elaborate strategies for new monitoring programmes for both CSOs and receiving waters.
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Priority pollutants in wastewater and Combined sewer overflow.
Science of The Total Environment, 2008Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, S. Garnaud, Vincent Rocher, Régis MoilleronAbstract:Implementation of the European Water Framework Directive and its affiliated directives requires Member States to improve their understanding of priority pollutants (PPs) in urban areas and obviously within wastewater systems. As a direct consequence, this study is intended to furnish data on both PP occurrence and the significance of concentrations in wastewater during dry and wet periods within Combined Sewers. Various sampling sites within the Paris Combined sewer network were selected; for each sample, a total of 66 determinants, including metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, organotins, volatile organic compounds, chlorobenzenes, phthalates and alkylphenols, were analysed. A broad range of PPs was observed in wastewater during dry as well as wet weather periods. Of the 66 elements investigated, 33 and 40 priority substances could be observed in raw sewage and wet weather effluent, respectively. As expected, a majority of metals were present in all samples, reflecting their ubiquitous nature. For both periods, chlorobenzenes and most of the pesticides always remained below the limit of quantification, while the majority of other organic pollutants assessed were identified within the microg l(-1) range. As highlighted by the larger number of substances detected in wet weather samples and the significance of their concentrations, runoff via atmospheric inputs and/or surface leaching was found to induce a wider range of PPs (n=40) and lead to higher concentrations of certain metals, PAHs, pesticides and other individual compounds. The data generated during this survey, which constitutes one of the first studies conducted in Europe to report concentrations for a variety of priority substances in wastewater within Combined Sewers, may be used in the future to identify PPs of potential significance for dry and wet weather periods and targeted for further investigation.
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review on the hydrocarbon fate within Combined Sewers case of the le marais urban catchment 1994 2005
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 2007Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Régis Moilleron, Vincent Rocher, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:An experimental catchment area was set up by the CEREVE (Water, City, Environment and Education Research Centre) in the center of Paris, in order to obtain an accurate description of the urban pollutants within Combined Sewers. Several investigations were carried out between 1994 and 2005 in order to evaluate the aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon loads entering Combined Sewers, as well as the pollutant fluxes conveyed by dry and wet weather flows at catchment outlets. Until now, such results have only been considered independently but neither a comparison between imported and exported hydrocarbon loads nor an assessment of the contributions of different sources (e.g., runoff, dry weather flow and deposit re-suspension within the sewer) to wet weather pollutant loads, have been established. This paper is designed to address these points. The assessment of hydrocarbon loads during dry weather periods underlined a predominant contribution of domestic inputs to the hydrocarbon loads. During wet we...
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Review on the hydrocarbon fate within Combined Sewers: Case of the "Le Marais" urban catchment (1994-2005)
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 2007Co-Authors: Johnny Gasperi, Régis Moilleron, Vincent Rocher, Ghassan ChebboAbstract:An experimental catchment area was set up by the CEREVE ( Water, City, Environment and Education Research Centre) in the center of Paris, in order to obtain an accurate description of the urban pollutants within Combined Sewers. Several investigations were carried out between 1994 and 2005 in order to evaluate the aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon loads entering Combined Sewers, as well as the pollutant fluxes conveyed by dry and wet weather flows at catchment outlets. Until now, such results have only been considered independently but neither a comparison between imported and exported hydrocarbon loads nor an assessment of the contributions of different sources ( e. g., runoff, dry weather flow and deposit re-suspension within the sewer) to wet weather pollutant loads, have been established. This paper is designed to address these points. The assessment of hydrocarbon loads during dry weather periods underlined a predominant contribution of domestic inputs to the hydrocarbon loads. During wet weather periods, the evaluation of hydrocarbon loads revealed the important role played by in-sewer sediment erosion as a source of wet weather hydrocarbon loads, which contribution ranged from 48 to 55% of the exported loads.