The Experts below are selected from a list of 138 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eric Deydier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
evaluation of laboratory and industrial meat and bone meal Combustion Residue as cadmium immobilizing material for remediation of polluted aqueous solutions chemical and ecotoxicological studies
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009Co-Authors: M Coutand, Eric Deydier, Richard Guilet, S. Cren, Florence Mouchet, Laury Gauthier, Martin Cyr, Bernues L Savaete, Pierre ClastresAbstract:Abstract Meat and Bone Meals (MBM) Combustion Residues (ashes) are calcium and phosphate-rich materials. The aim of this work is to evaluate ashes efficiency for remediation of cadmium-contaminated aqueous solutions, and to assess the bioavailability of cadmium on Xenopus laevis larvae. In this study both industrial (MBM-BA) and laboratory (MBM-LA) ashes are compared regarding their efficiency. Kinetic investigations reveal that cadmium ions are quickly immobilized, with a maximum cadmium uptake at 57 mg Cd2+/g of ashes for MBM-LA, two times higher than metal uptake quantity of MBM-BA, in our experimental conditions. Chemical and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) reveal that Cd2+ is mainly immobilized as Ca10 − xCdx(PO4)6(OH)2 by both ashes, whereas otavite, Cd(CO3), is also involved for MBM-LA in cadmium uptake. Otavite formation could be explained by the presence of carbonates in MBM-LA, as observed by IR. Genotoxicity of cadmium solution on Xenopus larvae is observed at 0.02, 0.2 and 2 mg Cd2+/L. However addition of only 0.1 g/L MBM-LA inhibits these effects for the above concentration values whereas Cd2+ bioaccumulation in larvae's liver is similar for both experiments, with and without ashes.
-
Evaluation of meat and bone meal Combustion Residue as lead immobilizing material for in situ remediation of polluted aqueous solutions and soils
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007Co-Authors: Eric Deydier, Richard Guilet, S. Cren, V. Pereas, Florence Mouchet, Laury GauthierAbstract:As a result of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis, meat and bone meal (MBM) production can no longer be used to feed cattle and must be safely disposed of or transformed. MBM specific incineration remains an alternative that could offer the opportunity to achieve both thermal valorization and solid waste recovery as ashes are calcium phosphate-rich material. The aim of this work is to evaluate ashes efficiency for in situ remediation of lead-contaminated aqueous solutions and soils, and to assess the bioavailability of lead using two biological models, amphibian Xenopus laevis larvae and Nicotiana tabaccum tobacco plant. With the amphibian model, no toxic or genotoxic effects of ashes are observed with concentrations from 0.1 to 5 g of ashes/L. If toxic and genotoxic effects of lead appear at concentration higher than 1 mg Pb/L (1 ppm), addition of only 100 mg of ashes/L neutralizes lead toxicity even with lead concentration up to 10 ppm. Chemical investigations (kinetics and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis) reveals that lead is quickly immobilized as pyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2] and lead carbonate dihydrate [PbCO3·2H2O]. Tobacco experiments are realized on contaminated soils with 50, 100, 2000 and 10 000 ppm of lead with and without ashes amendment (35.3 g ashes/kg of soil). Tobacco measurements show that plant elongation is bigger in an ashes-amended soil contaminated with 10 000 ppm of lead than on the reference soil alone. Tobacco model points out that ashes present two beneficial actions as they do not only neutralize lead toxicity but also act as a fertilizer.
-
physical and chemical characterisation of crude meat and bone meal Combustion Residue waste or raw material
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005Co-Authors: Eric Deydier, Richard Guilet, Stephanie Sarda, Patrick SharrockAbstract:Abstract As a result of the recent bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis in the European beef industry, the use of animal by-product is now severely controlled. Meat and bone meal (MBM) production can no longer be used to feed cattle and must be safely disposed of or transformed. Main disposal option is incineration, producing huge amounts of ashes the valorisation of which becomes a major concern. The aim of this work is to characterise MBM Combustion Residue in order to evaluate their physical and chemical properties to propose new valorisation avenues. The thermal behaviour of crude meat and bone meal was followed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and (24 wt.%) inorganic Residue was collected. The resulting ashes were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution, specific surface area (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) couple with energy disperse X-ray analysis (EDX). Elemental analysis revealed the presence of chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium with high level of phosphate (56 wt.%) and calcium (31 wt.%), two major constituents of bone, mainly as a mixture of Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 and Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 phases. The impact of Combustion temperature (from 550 to 1000 °C) on the constitution of ashes was followed by TGA, XRD and specific surface measurements. We observed a strong decrease of surface area for the ashes with crystallisation of calcium phosphates phases without major changes of chemical composition.
-
beneficial use of meat and bone meal Combustion Residue an efficient low cost material to remove lead from aqueous effluent
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2003Co-Authors: Eric Deydier, Richard Guilet, Patrick SharrockAbstract:Abstract Meat and bone meal (MBM) Combustion Residues, a natural apatite-rich substance, was evaluated as a low cost substitute for hydroxyapatite in lead sequestration from water effluents. The thermal behaviour of crude meat and bone meal was followed by TGA and 24% inorganic Residue was collected. The resulting ashes were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution, specific surface area (BET), and elemental analysis confirming apatite contents, with high level of phosphate (56.3%) and calcium (36.8%). Mechanism and kinetics of lead removal by this bioinorganic material were investigated and compared to mechanisms and kinetics involved with synthetic apatite. Batch metal removal experiments were carried out with 500 and 1500 ppm (mg/kg) Pb 2+ solutions. Lead concentration, calcium and pH were monitored. We observed that the mechanism is similar to that occurring for pure apatite, and involved both surface complexation and calcium hydroyapatite (CaHA), Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , dissolution followed by less soluble Pb 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 precipitation, as confirmed by XRD analysis of ashes after incubation with lead solution. Our results show that this natural apatite-rich material removes in a few minutes a large quantity of lead (275 mg/g capacity) which remains however lower than the theoretical maximum capacity (if calcium were totally substituted by lead). Meat and bone meal Combustion Residues represent a valuable alternative apatite source for environmental application.
Richard Guilet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
evaluation of laboratory and industrial meat and bone meal Combustion Residue as cadmium immobilizing material for remediation of polluted aqueous solutions chemical and ecotoxicological studies
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009Co-Authors: M Coutand, Eric Deydier, Richard Guilet, S. Cren, Florence Mouchet, Laury Gauthier, Martin Cyr, Bernues L Savaete, Pierre ClastresAbstract:Abstract Meat and Bone Meals (MBM) Combustion Residues (ashes) are calcium and phosphate-rich materials. The aim of this work is to evaluate ashes efficiency for remediation of cadmium-contaminated aqueous solutions, and to assess the bioavailability of cadmium on Xenopus laevis larvae. In this study both industrial (MBM-BA) and laboratory (MBM-LA) ashes are compared regarding their efficiency. Kinetic investigations reveal that cadmium ions are quickly immobilized, with a maximum cadmium uptake at 57 mg Cd2+/g of ashes for MBM-LA, two times higher than metal uptake quantity of MBM-BA, in our experimental conditions. Chemical and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) reveal that Cd2+ is mainly immobilized as Ca10 − xCdx(PO4)6(OH)2 by both ashes, whereas otavite, Cd(CO3), is also involved for MBM-LA in cadmium uptake. Otavite formation could be explained by the presence of carbonates in MBM-LA, as observed by IR. Genotoxicity of cadmium solution on Xenopus larvae is observed at 0.02, 0.2 and 2 mg Cd2+/L. However addition of only 0.1 g/L MBM-LA inhibits these effects for the above concentration values whereas Cd2+ bioaccumulation in larvae's liver is similar for both experiments, with and without ashes.
-
Evaluation of meat and bone meal Combustion Residue as lead immobilizing material for in situ remediation of polluted aqueous solutions and soils
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007Co-Authors: Eric Deydier, Richard Guilet, S. Cren, V. Pereas, Florence Mouchet, Laury GauthierAbstract:As a result of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis, meat and bone meal (MBM) production can no longer be used to feed cattle and must be safely disposed of or transformed. MBM specific incineration remains an alternative that could offer the opportunity to achieve both thermal valorization and solid waste recovery as ashes are calcium phosphate-rich material. The aim of this work is to evaluate ashes efficiency for in situ remediation of lead-contaminated aqueous solutions and soils, and to assess the bioavailability of lead using two biological models, amphibian Xenopus laevis larvae and Nicotiana tabaccum tobacco plant. With the amphibian model, no toxic or genotoxic effects of ashes are observed with concentrations from 0.1 to 5 g of ashes/L. If toxic and genotoxic effects of lead appear at concentration higher than 1 mg Pb/L (1 ppm), addition of only 100 mg of ashes/L neutralizes lead toxicity even with lead concentration up to 10 ppm. Chemical investigations (kinetics and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis) reveals that lead is quickly immobilized as pyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2] and lead carbonate dihydrate [PbCO3·2H2O]. Tobacco experiments are realized on contaminated soils with 50, 100, 2000 and 10 000 ppm of lead with and without ashes amendment (35.3 g ashes/kg of soil). Tobacco measurements show that plant elongation is bigger in an ashes-amended soil contaminated with 10 000 ppm of lead than on the reference soil alone. Tobacco model points out that ashes present two beneficial actions as they do not only neutralize lead toxicity but also act as a fertilizer.
-
physical and chemical characterisation of crude meat and bone meal Combustion Residue waste or raw material
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005Co-Authors: Eric Deydier, Richard Guilet, Stephanie Sarda, Patrick SharrockAbstract:Abstract As a result of the recent bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis in the European beef industry, the use of animal by-product is now severely controlled. Meat and bone meal (MBM) production can no longer be used to feed cattle and must be safely disposed of or transformed. Main disposal option is incineration, producing huge amounts of ashes the valorisation of which becomes a major concern. The aim of this work is to characterise MBM Combustion Residue in order to evaluate their physical and chemical properties to propose new valorisation avenues. The thermal behaviour of crude meat and bone meal was followed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and (24 wt.%) inorganic Residue was collected. The resulting ashes were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution, specific surface area (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) couple with energy disperse X-ray analysis (EDX). Elemental analysis revealed the presence of chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium with high level of phosphate (56 wt.%) and calcium (31 wt.%), two major constituents of bone, mainly as a mixture of Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 and Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 phases. The impact of Combustion temperature (from 550 to 1000 °C) on the constitution of ashes was followed by TGA, XRD and specific surface measurements. We observed a strong decrease of surface area for the ashes with crystallisation of calcium phosphates phases without major changes of chemical composition.
-
beneficial use of meat and bone meal Combustion Residue an efficient low cost material to remove lead from aqueous effluent
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2003Co-Authors: Eric Deydier, Richard Guilet, Patrick SharrockAbstract:Abstract Meat and bone meal (MBM) Combustion Residues, a natural apatite-rich substance, was evaluated as a low cost substitute for hydroxyapatite in lead sequestration from water effluents. The thermal behaviour of crude meat and bone meal was followed by TGA and 24% inorganic Residue was collected. The resulting ashes were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution, specific surface area (BET), and elemental analysis confirming apatite contents, with high level of phosphate (56.3%) and calcium (36.8%). Mechanism and kinetics of lead removal by this bioinorganic material were investigated and compared to mechanisms and kinetics involved with synthetic apatite. Batch metal removal experiments were carried out with 500 and 1500 ppm (mg/kg) Pb 2+ solutions. Lead concentration, calcium and pH were monitored. We observed that the mechanism is similar to that occurring for pure apatite, and involved both surface complexation and calcium hydroyapatite (CaHA), Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , dissolution followed by less soluble Pb 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 precipitation, as confirmed by XRD analysis of ashes after incubation with lead solution. Our results show that this natural apatite-rich material removes in a few minutes a large quantity of lead (275 mg/g capacity) which remains however lower than the theoretical maximum capacity (if calcium were totally substituted by lead). Meat and bone meal Combustion Residues represent a valuable alternative apatite source for environmental application.
Patrick Sharrock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
physical and chemical characterisation of crude meat and bone meal Combustion Residue waste or raw material
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005Co-Authors: Eric Deydier, Richard Guilet, Stephanie Sarda, Patrick SharrockAbstract:Abstract As a result of the recent bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis in the European beef industry, the use of animal by-product is now severely controlled. Meat and bone meal (MBM) production can no longer be used to feed cattle and must be safely disposed of or transformed. Main disposal option is incineration, producing huge amounts of ashes the valorisation of which becomes a major concern. The aim of this work is to characterise MBM Combustion Residue in order to evaluate their physical and chemical properties to propose new valorisation avenues. The thermal behaviour of crude meat and bone meal was followed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and (24 wt.%) inorganic Residue was collected. The resulting ashes were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution, specific surface area (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) couple with energy disperse X-ray analysis (EDX). Elemental analysis revealed the presence of chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium with high level of phosphate (56 wt.%) and calcium (31 wt.%), two major constituents of bone, mainly as a mixture of Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 and Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 phases. The impact of Combustion temperature (from 550 to 1000 °C) on the constitution of ashes was followed by TGA, XRD and specific surface measurements. We observed a strong decrease of surface area for the ashes with crystallisation of calcium phosphates phases without major changes of chemical composition.
-
beneficial use of meat and bone meal Combustion Residue an efficient low cost material to remove lead from aqueous effluent
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2003Co-Authors: Eric Deydier, Richard Guilet, Patrick SharrockAbstract:Abstract Meat and bone meal (MBM) Combustion Residues, a natural apatite-rich substance, was evaluated as a low cost substitute for hydroxyapatite in lead sequestration from water effluents. The thermal behaviour of crude meat and bone meal was followed by TGA and 24% inorganic Residue was collected. The resulting ashes were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution, specific surface area (BET), and elemental analysis confirming apatite contents, with high level of phosphate (56.3%) and calcium (36.8%). Mechanism and kinetics of lead removal by this bioinorganic material were investigated and compared to mechanisms and kinetics involved with synthetic apatite. Batch metal removal experiments were carried out with 500 and 1500 ppm (mg/kg) Pb 2+ solutions. Lead concentration, calcium and pH were monitored. We observed that the mechanism is similar to that occurring for pure apatite, and involved both surface complexation and calcium hydroyapatite (CaHA), Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , dissolution followed by less soluble Pb 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 precipitation, as confirmed by XRD analysis of ashes after incubation with lead solution. Our results show that this natural apatite-rich material removes in a few minutes a large quantity of lead (275 mg/g capacity) which remains however lower than the theoretical maximum capacity (if calcium were totally substituted by lead). Meat and bone meal Combustion Residues represent a valuable alternative apatite source for environmental application.
Christina G. Vassileva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
an overview of the behaviour of biomass during Combustion part i phase mineral transformations of organic and inorganic matter
Fuel, 2013Co-Authors: Stanislav V. Vassilev, David Baxter, Christina G. VassilevaAbstract:Abstract An extended overview of the phase-mineral transformations of organic and inorganic matter that occur during biomass Combustion was conducted. Some general considerations and particularly problems associated with the composition of biomass and biomass ash (BA) and behaviour of biomass during burning were discussed initially. Then, reference peer-reviewed data plus own investigations were used to organise and describe systematically the above topics. It was demonstrated that the phase composition of BA is polycomponent, heterogeneous and variable and includes: (1) mostly inorganic matter (IM) composed of non-crystalline (amorphous) and crystalline to semi-crystalline (mineral) constituents; (2) subordinately organic matter (OM) consisting of char and organic minerals; and (3) some fluid matter associated with both IM and OM. Approximately 291 phases or minerals were identified in BA. These species have primary, secondary or tertiary origin in the Combustion Residue and they are generated from natural (authigenic and detrital) and technogenic phases or minerals originally present in biomass. Afterwards, common issues related to the composition, occurrence, transformation and origin of common constituents in biomass and BA such as: (1) OM, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, char and other organic phases plus organic minerals; and (2) IM such as silicates, oxides and hydroxides, phosphates, sulphates (plus sulphides, sulphosalts, sulphites and thiosulphates), carbonates (plus bicarbonates), chlorides (plus chlorites and chlorates), nitrates, glass, amorphous (non-glass) material and other inorganic phases; were described and compared to coal ash. As a final point, a systematization of physico-chemical transformations during biomass Combustion is given. It was found that the original OM and IM in biomass during Combustion transform: (1) initially to devolatilization of OM and burning of combustible gases and char with formation of intermediate and less stable oxalates, nitrates, chlorides, hydroxides, carbonates, sulphates and inorganic amorphous (non-glass) material; (2) subsequently to more stable silicates, phosphates and oxides; (3) then to melting accompanied by dissolution of the refractory minerals; with increasing Combustion temperatures in the system; and (4) followed by crystallisation of melt and formation of glass accompanied by some salt condensation and hydroxylation, hydration and carbonation of newly formed phases during cooling of BA. Finally, some post-Combustion transformations of the newly formed minerals and phases to stable during weathering species among silicates, hydroxides, phosphates, sulphates, carbonates, chlorides and nitrates also occur due to their hydration, hydroxylation and carbonation by moisture and CO 2 in the air through storage of BA. Certain major associations related to the occurrence, content and origin of elements and phases were identified in the BA system and they include: (1) Si–Al–Fe–Na–Ti (mostly glass, silicates and oxyhydroxides); (2) Ca–Mg–Mn (commonly carbonates, oxyhydroxides, glass, silicates and some phosphates and sulphates); and (3) K–P–S–Cl (normally phosphates, sulphates, chlorides, glass and some silicates and carbonates). These associations were applied for classification of BAs to four types and six sub-types. It was found that such systematic relationships have a key importance in both fundamental and applied aspects related to innovative and sustainable processing of biomass and BA. The ash formation mechanisms and ash fusion behaviour, as well as some indications of potential technological problems and environmental risks during Combustion of biomass types and sub-types and application of their BAs will be described in Part II of the present work.
-
an overview of the composition and application of biomass ash part 1 phase mineral and chemical composition and classification
Fuel, 2013Co-Authors: Stanislav V. Vassilev, David Baxter, Lars K Andersen, Christina G. VassilevaAbstract:Abstract An extended overview of the phase–mineral and chemical composition and classification of biomass ash (BA) was conducted. Some general considerations related to the composition of BA and particularly problems associated with this issue were discussed initially. Then, reference peer-reviewed data including phase–mineral composition and properties of BAs plus own investigations were used to describe and organise the BA system. It was found that BA is a complex inorganic–organic mixture with polycomponent, heterogeneous and variable composition. The phase–mineral composition of BA includes: (1) mostly inorganic matter composed of non-crystalline (amorphous) and crystalline to semi-crystalline (mineral) constituents; (2) subordinately organic matter consisting of char and organic minerals; and (3) some fluid matter comprising moisture and gas and gas–liquid inclusions associated with both inorganic and organic matter. Approximately 229 forming, major, minor or accessory phases or minerals were identified in BA. These species have primary, secondary or tertiary origin in the Combustion Residue and they are generated from natural (authigenic and detrital) and technogenic phases or minerals originally present in biomass. Common topics related to BA such as: terminology clarification; chemical composition; contents and concentration trends; correlations and associations; formation and behaviour; fusion temperatures; and leaching; were discussed and compared to coal ash. A general characterization of the phase–mineral composition and description of the occurrence and origin for common constituents in BA, namely: (1) silicates; (2) oxides and hydroxides; (3) sulphates (plus sulphides, sulphosalts, sulphites and thiosulphates); (4) phosphates; (5) carbonates (plus bicarbonates); (6) chlorides (plus chlorites and chlorates); (7) nitrates; (8) glass; (9) other inorganic phases; (10) organic phases; and (11) organic minerals; were also conducted and compared to coal ash. Finally, certain major associations related to the occurrence, content and origin of elements and phases were identified in the BA system and they include: (1) Si–Al–Fe–Na–Ti (mostly glass, silicates and oxyhydroxides); (2) Ca–Mg–Mn (commonly carbonates, oxyhydroxides, glass, silicates and some phosphates and sulphates); and (3) K–P–S–Cl (normally phosphates, sulphates, chlorides, glass and some silicates and carbonates). It was found that these systematic associations in BA have a key importance in both fundamental and applied aspects, namely their potential application for classification and indicator purposes connected with innovative and sustainable processing of BA. The potential utilization, technological and environmental advantages and challenges related to BA using the above classification approach are described in Part 2 of the present work.
Laury Gauthier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
evaluation of laboratory and industrial meat and bone meal Combustion Residue as cadmium immobilizing material for remediation of polluted aqueous solutions chemical and ecotoxicological studies
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009Co-Authors: M Coutand, Eric Deydier, Richard Guilet, S. Cren, Florence Mouchet, Laury Gauthier, Martin Cyr, Bernues L Savaete, Pierre ClastresAbstract:Abstract Meat and Bone Meals (MBM) Combustion Residues (ashes) are calcium and phosphate-rich materials. The aim of this work is to evaluate ashes efficiency for remediation of cadmium-contaminated aqueous solutions, and to assess the bioavailability of cadmium on Xenopus laevis larvae. In this study both industrial (MBM-BA) and laboratory (MBM-LA) ashes are compared regarding their efficiency. Kinetic investigations reveal that cadmium ions are quickly immobilized, with a maximum cadmium uptake at 57 mg Cd2+/g of ashes for MBM-LA, two times higher than metal uptake quantity of MBM-BA, in our experimental conditions. Chemical and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) reveal that Cd2+ is mainly immobilized as Ca10 − xCdx(PO4)6(OH)2 by both ashes, whereas otavite, Cd(CO3), is also involved for MBM-LA in cadmium uptake. Otavite formation could be explained by the presence of carbonates in MBM-LA, as observed by IR. Genotoxicity of cadmium solution on Xenopus larvae is observed at 0.02, 0.2 and 2 mg Cd2+/L. However addition of only 0.1 g/L MBM-LA inhibits these effects for the above concentration values whereas Cd2+ bioaccumulation in larvae's liver is similar for both experiments, with and without ashes.
-
Evaluation of meat and bone meal Combustion Residue as lead immobilizing material for in situ remediation of polluted aqueous solutions and soils
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007Co-Authors: Eric Deydier, Richard Guilet, S. Cren, V. Pereas, Florence Mouchet, Laury GauthierAbstract:As a result of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis, meat and bone meal (MBM) production can no longer be used to feed cattle and must be safely disposed of or transformed. MBM specific incineration remains an alternative that could offer the opportunity to achieve both thermal valorization and solid waste recovery as ashes are calcium phosphate-rich material. The aim of this work is to evaluate ashes efficiency for in situ remediation of lead-contaminated aqueous solutions and soils, and to assess the bioavailability of lead using two biological models, amphibian Xenopus laevis larvae and Nicotiana tabaccum tobacco plant. With the amphibian model, no toxic or genotoxic effects of ashes are observed with concentrations from 0.1 to 5 g of ashes/L. If toxic and genotoxic effects of lead appear at concentration higher than 1 mg Pb/L (1 ppm), addition of only 100 mg of ashes/L neutralizes lead toxicity even with lead concentration up to 10 ppm. Chemical investigations (kinetics and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis) reveals that lead is quickly immobilized as pyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2] and lead carbonate dihydrate [PbCO3·2H2O]. Tobacco experiments are realized on contaminated soils with 50, 100, 2000 and 10 000 ppm of lead with and without ashes amendment (35.3 g ashes/kg of soil). Tobacco measurements show that plant elongation is bigger in an ashes-amended soil contaminated with 10 000 ppm of lead than on the reference soil alone. Tobacco model points out that ashes present two beneficial actions as they do not only neutralize lead toxicity but also act as a fertilizer.