The Experts below are selected from a list of 279 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

David C. Mowery - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Breakthrough innovations in Aircraft and the intellectual property system, 1900-1975
    2015
    Co-Authors: David C. Mowery
    Abstract:

    Modern Commercial Aircraft are complex products that incorporate innovations in technologies ranging from advanced materials to software and electronics. Although Commercial Aircraft assuredly qualify as a transformative innovation, in fact today’s Commercial Aircraft are the result of a process of incremental innovation and improvement that dates back more than a century. A great many of these improvements and incremental innovations originated from government-supported R&D programs sponsored by the military services or government research laboratories. The adoption of Commercial-Aircraft innovations within many industrial economies, including the United States, also has been influenced by government regulation of air transportation. This paper provides a historical characterization of the innovation and record of technical progress in US Commercial Aircraft during the 1900-1975 period. It identifies the sources of support for innovation and technological adoption, and examines the origins and impacts of “breakthrough innovations” on the overall evolution of the global Commercial Aircraft Industry. The paper also assesses the role of patents in these important innovations.

  • U.S. TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION POLICIES: LESSONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
    2003
    Co-Authors: John A. Alic, David C. Mowery, Edward S. Rubin
    Abstract:

    This paper presents a survey of United States government policies that have impacted technological innovations since World War II. It derives "lessons learned" for the reduction of greenhouse gases. The report starts with a summary of global climate change, discusses the innovation process in general, relates technology policy tools, and describes the impact of environmental and other regulatory policies on innovation. The last section investigates the impact of U.S. government policies in the civilian nuclear power Industry, the Commercial Aircraft Industry, and the electronics Industry.

  • THE TAIWAN AEROSPACE-MCDONNELL DOUGLAS AGREEMENT: A MODEST EXPANSION OF THE TREND TOWARD GLOBALIZATION IN AEROSPACE.
    Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 1992
    Co-Authors: David C. Mowery
    Abstract:

    The proposed sale by McDonnell Douglas of a portion of its Commercial subsidiary to Taiwan Aerospace Corporation has provoked considerable controversy. Although the precise terms of the agreement had not been disclosed at this writing, they are likely to involve the purchase of a 40 percent share of the equity of a new corporate entity that contains Douglas Aircraft's Commercial Aircraft operations by a group of foreign investors that may include representatives from other East Asian nations, in addition to Taiwan. The joint venture of East Asian and U.S. firms will undertake the development and manufacture of the MD-12, a 400-seat Commercial transport that will compete with the Boeing 747. In addition, this entity will manage the manufacture, marketing, and support of Douglas Aircraft's current Commercial Aircraft product line. A thorough analysis and evaluation of this agreement requires information on its structure and aims that is not yet available. Nevertheless, I believe that the concerns raised by critics of the agreement-most of which cite the agreement's adverse effects on U.S. technology and jobs-are exaggerated. The McDonnell Douglas agreement is a response to the new realities of global competition in the Commercial Aircraft Industry. It may strengthen Douglas Aircraft, even as it may make life more difficult for other U.S. firms. Overall, the agreement is more a consequence of, rather than a likely contributor to, intensified foreign competition in this Industry.

Pei-hsiung Chin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Steven Mcguire - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Global value chains and state support in the Aircraft Industry
    Business and Politics, 2014
    Co-Authors: Steven Mcguire
    Abstract:

    The Commercial Aircraft Industry is no stranger to trade friction, which has brought bitter international disputes over industrial policy to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Yet despite the fact that several countries, notably China, Japan and Russia have stated their intentions to develop Aircraft that can compete with other countries, these efforts have not led to a trade dispute. What explains this pattern? Drawing on sources such as the Global Trade Alert database, this paper argues that that the complexity of the Aircraft Industry generates considerable barriers to entry. Moreover, emerging aerospace states have not repeated earlier efforts of direct subsidy, but rather, they have sought to position themselves in the global aerospace value chain, with selective government interventions designed to help national champions accumulate the necessary technical experience though collaboration with incumbent firms. However, the very diversity of government supports may make protectionist measures more difficult to identify.

Nina Pavcnik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • airbus versus boeing revisited international competition in the Aircraft market
    Journal of International Economics, 2004
    Co-Authors: Douglas A Irwin, Nina Pavcnik
    Abstract:

    This paper examines international competition in the Commercial Aircraft Industry. We estimate a discrete choice, differentiated products demand system for wide-body Aircraft and examine the Airbus-Boeing rivalry under various assumptions on firm conduct. We then use this structure to evaluate two trade disputes between the United States and European Union. Our results suggest that Aircraft prices increased by about 3.7 percent after the 1992 U.S. – E.U. agreement on trade in civil Aircraft that limits subsidies. This price hike is consistent with a 5 percent increase in firms’ marginal costs after the subsidy cuts. We also simulate the impact of the future entry of the Airbus A-380 super-jumbo Aircraft on the demand for other wide-bodied Aircraft, notably the Boeing 747. We find that the A-380 could reduce the market share of the 747 by up to 14.8 percentage points in the long range wide-body market segment (depending upon the discounts offered on the A-380), but would reduce the market for Airbus’s existing wide-bodies by an even greater margin.

  • Trade Disputes in the Commercial Aircraft Industry
    The World Economy, 2002
    Co-Authors: Nina Pavcnik
    Abstract:

    T HE recent launch of Airbus’s new super jumbo, the A-380, has provoked yet another trade conflict between the United States and European Union (EU) in the Aircraft Industry. The Industry has strained trade relationship between the US and the EU ever since the Airbus’s entry into the market in 1974. These tensions tapered with the signing of the 1992 US–EU agreement on trade in civil Aircraft (the 1992 agreement). In fact, Boeing and Airbus shortly considered cooperating on the superjumbo project during the early 1990s, but the collaboration faltered because the two sides disagreed on the Commercial viability of the Aircraft. While Airbus forecasted that over the next 20 years, airlines would demand approximately 1,500 superjumbos, yielding around $345 billion in revenues, Boeing’s projections were much more reserved. It forecasted only 700 planes. Hence, Boeing doubted the project could break even (The Economist, 2001). As a result, Airbus proceeded with the development of the new Aircraft on its own. Like in previous Airbus’s programmes, the EU will provide some direct financial support to Airbus to partially cover the A-380’s $12 billion launch costs. US trade officials question the legitimacy of this financial arrangement, especially since Boeing doubts the Commercial viability of the project. Their objections are illustrated in the 2000 Foreign Trade Barriers Report of the US Trade Representative:

  • Trade Disputes in the Commercial Aircraft Industry
    2002
    Co-Authors: Nina Pavcnik
    Abstract:

    The recent launch of Airbus's new super jumbo, the A-380, has provoked yet another trade conflict between the United States and European Union (EU) in the Aircraft Industry. The Industry has strained trade relationship between the US and the EU ever since the Airbus's entry into the market in 1974. These tensions tapered with the signing of the 1992 US-EU agreement on trade in civil Aircraft (the 1992 agreement). In fact, Boeing and Airbus shortly considered cooperating on the superjumbo project during the early 1990s, but the collaboration faltered because the two sides disagreed on the Commercial viability of the Aircraft. While Airbus forecasted that over the next 20 years, airlines would demand approximately 1,500 superjumbos, yielding around $345 billion in revenues, Boeing's projections were much more reserved. It forecasted only 700 planes. Hence, Boeing doubted the project could break even (The Economist, 2001). As a result, Airbus proceeded with the development of the new Aircraft on its own.

Martin B. Hocking - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Trends in cabin air quality of Commercial Aircraft: Industry and passenger perspectives
    Reviews on environmental health, 2002
    Co-Authors: Martin B. Hocking
    Abstract:

    The small air space available per person in a fully occupied Aircraft passenger cabin accentuates the human bioeffluent factor in the maintenance of air quality. The accumulation of carbon dioxide and other contributions to poor air quality that can occur with inadequate ventilation, even under normal circumstances, is related to the volume of available air space per person and various ventilation rates. This information is compared with established air quality guidelines to make specific recommendations with reference to Aircraft passenger cabins under both normal and abnormal operating conditions. The effects of respiration on the air quality of any enclosed space from the respiration of a resting adult are estimated using standard equations. Results are given for different volumes of space per person, for zero air exchange, and for various air change rates. The required ventilation rates estimated in this way compared closely with results calculated using a standard empirical formula. The results confirm that the outside air ventilation required to achieve a target carbon dioxide concentration in the air of an occupied enclosed space remains the same regardless of the volume of that space. The outside air ventilation capability of older and more recent Aircraft is then reviewed and compared with the actual measurements of cabin air quality for these periods. The correlation between calculated and measured Aircraft cabin carbon dioxide concentrations from other studies was very good. Respiratory benefits and costs of returning to the 30% higher outside air ventilation rates and 8% higher cabin pressures of the 1960s and 1970s are outlined. Consideration is given to the occasional occurrence of certain types of Aircraft malfunction that can introduce more serious contaminants to the Aircraft cabin. Recommendations and suggestions for Aircraft builders and operators are made that will help improve Aircraft cabin air quality and the partial pressure of oxygen that is available to passengers at minimal cost. Also suggested are some measures that passengers can take to help improve their comfort and decrease their risk of illness, particularly on long-haul flights.