The Experts below are selected from a list of 96294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ragnhild Haugli Braaten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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land rights and Community Cooperation public goods experiments from peru
World Development, 2014Co-Authors: Ragnhild Haugli BraatenAbstract:Summary Joint land rights in peasant communities are often held to preserve Cooperation norms better than individual land rights. This study uses contributions in public goods experiments as a measure of Cooperation norms in 15 jointly- or individually-owned peasant communities in the Peruvian Andes. Cooperation norms are significantly stronger in joint-ownership communities, when controlling for relevant exogenous variables. This effect is found only among men, who are considered the main landholders in a household and are thus more likely to respond to the incentives provided by the land right system.
Bina Agarwal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gender and land rights revisited exploring new prospects via the state family and market
Journal of Agrarian Change, 2003Co-Authors: Bina AgarwalAbstract:The question of women’s land rights has a relatively young history in India. This paper briefly traces that history before examining why gendering the land question remains critical, and what the new possibilities are for enhancing women’s land access. Potentially, women can obtain land through the State, the family and the market. The paper explores the prospects and constraints linked to each, arguing that access through the family and the market deserve particular attention, since most arable land in India is privatized. On market access, the paper makes several departures from existing discussions by focusing on the advantages, especially for poor women, of working in groups to lease in or purchase land; using government credit for land rather than merely for micro-enterprises; and collectively managing purchased or leased in land, the collectivity being constituted with other women, rather than with family members. Such group functioning is shown to have several advantages over individual or family-based farming. This approach could also help revive land reform, Community Cooperation and joint farming in a radically new form, one centred on poor women.
Garcia, Sarahi L. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Streamlined and Abundant Bacterioplankton Thrive in Functional Cohorts
'American Society for Microbiology', 2020Co-Authors: Mondav Rhiannon, Bertilsson Stefan, Buck Moritz, Langenheder Silke, Lindström Eva, Garcia, Sarahi L.Abstract:While fastidious microbes can be abundant and ubiquitous in their natural communities, many fail to grow axenically in laboratories due to auxotrophies or other dependencies. To overcome auxotrophies, these microbes rely on their surrounding cohort. A cohort may consist of kin (ecotypes) or more distantly related organisms (Community) with the Cooperation being reciprocal or nonreciprocal and expensive (Black Queen hypothesis) or costless (by-product). These metabolic partnerships (whether at single species population or Community level) enable dominance by and coexistence of these lineages in nature. Here we examine the relevance of these Cooperation models to explain the abundance and ubiquity of the dominant fastidious bacterioplankton of a dimictic mesotrophic freshwater lake. Using both culture-dependent (dilution mixed cultures) and culture-independent (small subunit [SSU] rRNA gene time series and environmental metagenomics) methods, we independently identified the primary cohorts of actinobacterial genera “Candidatus Planktophila” (acI-A) and “Candidatus Nanopelagicus” (acI-B) and the proteobacterial genus “Candidatus Fonsibacter” (LD12). While “Ca. Planktophila” and “Ca. Fonsibacter” had no correlation in their natural habitat, they have the potential to be complementary in laboratory settings. We also investigated the bifunctional catalase-peroxidase enzyme KatG (a common good which “Ca. Planktophila” is dependent upon) and its most likely providers in the lake. Further, we found that while ecotype and Community Cooperation combined may explain “Ca. Planktophila” population abundance, the success of “Ca. Nanopelagicus” and “Ca. Fonsibacter” is better explained as a Community by-product. Ecotype differentiation of “Ca. Fonsibacter” as a means of escaping predation was supported but not for overcoming auxotrophies
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Streamlined and Abundant Bacterioplankton Thrive in Functional Cohorts
'American Society for Microbiology', 2020Co-Authors: Mondav Rhiannon, Bertilsson Stefan, Buck Moritz, Langenheder Silke, Lindström, Eva S., Garcia, Sarahi L.Abstract:While fastidious microbes can be abundant and ubiquitous in their natural communities, many fail to grow axenically in laboratories due to auxotrophies or other dependencies. To overcome auxotrophies, these microbes rely on their surrounding cohort. A cohort may consist of kin (ecotypes) or more distantly related organisms (Community) with the Cooperation being reciprocal or nonreciprocal and expensive (Black Queen hypothesis) or costless (by-product). These metabolic partnerships (whether at single species population or Community level) enable dominance by and coexistence of these lineages in nature. Here we examine the relevance of these Cooperation models to explain the abundance and ubiquity of the dominant fastidious bacterioplankton of a dimictic mesotrophic freshwater lake. Using both culture-dependent (dilution mixed cultures) and culture-independent (small subunit [SSU] rRNA gene time series and environmental metagenomics) methods, we independently identified the primary cohorts of actinobacterial genera "Candidatus Planktophila" (acI-A) and "Candidatus Nanopelagicus" (acI-B) and the proteobacterial genus "Candidatus Fonsibacter" (LD12). While "Ca Planktophila" and "Ca. Fonsibacter" had no correlation in their natural habitat, they have the potential to be complementary in laboratory settings. We also investigated the bifunctional catalase-peroxidase enzyme KatG (a common good which "Ca Planktophila" is dependent upon) and its most likely providers in the lake. Further, we found that while ecotype and Community Cooperation combined may explain "Ca Planktophila" population abundance, the success of "Ca. Nanopelagicus" and "Ca. Fonsibacter" is better explained as a Community by-product. Ecotype differentiation of "Ca. Fonsibacter" as a means of escaping predation was supported but not for overcoming auxotrophies. IMPORTANCE This study examines evolutionary and ecological relationships of three of the most ubiquitous and abundant freshwater bacterial genera: "Ca Planktophila" (acI-A), "Ca. Nanopelagicus" (acI-B), and "Ca. Fonsibacter" (LD12). Due to high abundance, these genera might have a significant influence on nutrient cycling in freshwaters worldwide, and this study adds a layer of understanding to how seemingly competing clades of bacteria can coexist by having different Cooperation strategies. Our synthesis ties together network and ecological theory with empirical evidence and lays out a framework for how the functioning of populations within complex microbial communities can be studied
Clifford H Webb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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helping the helpers the development of a critical incident stress management team through university Community Cooperation
Annals of Emergency Medicine, 1993Co-Authors: John C. Linton, Martin J. Kommor, Clifford H WebbAbstract:Prehospital emergency services personnel often are exposed to high levels of occupational stress. Besides chronic stress, they can be involved in critical incidents, which cause a well-recognized set of overwhelming emotional reactions. If these reactions are not addressed promptly, emergency responders and their families can suffer further emotional trauma, and this can impair the ability of responders to care for patients in the field. A critical incident stress management team has been established through Cooperation between the Charleston Division of the West Virginia University Health Sciences Center and emergency personnel in Charleston, as well as the rural counties in southern West Virginia. This team provides preincident education and postincident interventions for firefighters, police, emergency medical services, and on occasion, hospital emergency department personnel. This team can serve as a model for other such teams to organize to deal with this growing problem in the health care delivery field.
Sue Morris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Community Cooperation and conflict negotiating the social well being benefits of urban greenspace experiences
Landscape and Urban Planning, 2013Co-Authors: Elizabeth Dinnie, Katrina M Brown, Sue MorrisAbstract:Abstract The positive benefits of urban greenspaces for human health and well-being are widely recognised. While much intellectual effort has gone into identifying and cataloguing the environmental characteristics of places, spaces and landscapes associated with particular health outcomes, less well understood are the social dimensions through which everyday engagements with such greenspaces are framed and put into practice, and interactions between these dimensions. This article reports on preliminary findings from ethnographic research in two areas of Dundee, UK. We used mobile and participatory visual methods with greenspace users in order to investigate their everyday experiences and engagements with local greenspaces, and to understand how meanings associated with use translate (or not) into well-being benefits. The research found that experiences of greenspace – and thus any well-being benefits produced through engagement – are inescapably social and mediated through people's positioning in relation to particular social groups. Moreover there is not one social context or social order, but many, and hence meanings are contested. This prompts for more attention to be paid to how well-being from greenspace can be delivered in ways meaningful to different people and groups. We conclude that social relations and social health (as well as individual mental and physical health) need to be more thoroughly explored in relation to greenspace and its management practices.