The Experts below are selected from a list of 235890 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Petros Kounnos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Hierarchical control framework to exploit Community energy storage for both local and system benefit
    2018
    Co-Authors: Petros Kounnos
    Abstract:

    According to the legally binding target for European governments, by 2020, 15-20% of the EU`s energy consumption should be produced from renewable sources. Furthermore, according to the National Grid`s estimate for future energy scenarios in the UK, by 2035/36 (according to the “Gone Green” future scenario) annual electricity demand could potentially reach 375TWh/year with the residential consumption energy forming 33% of the total electricity demand [3]. As claimed by the same scenario, Renewable Generation (RG) will represent 53% of the installed capacity and will provide 50% of the generated energy with wind and PV contributing almost 46% of the supply mix. The combination of integrating intermittent RG, reducing fossil fuel based generation and the electrification of heat and transport (which will inevitably lead to higher electricity demand), means that if the current electricity transmission and distribution system remains unchanged, it will struggle to meet: • Reduce Power quality • Overloading of distribution equipment (e.g transformers and feeders) • Increasing network losses • Higher number of system frequency deviations • Increased voltage unbalance • Fault detection and Location In systems dominated by Renewable Energy Sources (RES) the dominant challenges will be the reduced inertia of the electrical system and the associated increasing need for frequency regulation services. Over recent years small home Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in combination with solar PV systems have become commercially available and more affordable. The storage capacity of new, small scale residential BESS units (e.g Tesla Powerwall) is also increasing. The aim of this project is to investigate how domestic Battery Energy Storage Systems can contribute to Frequency Regulation services and at the same time provide benefit for electricity end-users through achieving local Community objectives such as reduction of import at peak tariff periods and increased “self-consumption” of locally generated renewable energy. Furthermore, it will explore if the creation of energy Community entities can improve these. In the process of tackling these questions a novel hierarchical control framework has been proposed which is able to exploit Community BESS, for both local/Community benefit and system benefit. In addition, while simulating the proposed control framework a novel electric vehicle model (EV) was developed in order to aid the investigation of future energy scenarios. Real time data from photovoltaic systems and the electrical system frequency data were analysed and used to understand the requirement for Frequency Regulation Services. This informed the development of a novel higher level control, the Adaptive Community Power Profiler – Energy Management System (ACPP-EMS) which was able to provide local and national benefit through controlling BESS in small communities with low level real time controllers by imposing Power Profiling targets to achieve multiple objectives. Simulation studies demonstrate the benefits provided by this controller.

  • Community Power flow control for peak demand reduction and energy cost savings
    IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, 2016
    Co-Authors: Seksak Pholboon, Mark Sumner, Petros Kounnos
    Abstract:

    The increase in penetration of renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind, and high peak load demand can cause grid network security issues. The incorporation of demand side management and energy storage devices can provide a solution to these problems. This paper presents a Community Power flow control (PFC) strategy which reduces peak grid demand, and increases self-consumption of renewable energy which produces energy cost savings in smart communities with grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The PFC aims to directly control high Power consumption appliances and the charge/discharge of a Community battery storage using measurement of the instantaneous Power demands of the Community. Historical data records of the Community daily energy consumption and the available renewable energy are taken into account to manage the loads and battery storage. Simulation results show for a Community of one hundred houses, with 114 kWp of PV arrays, and a 350kWh battery system that the percentage of the average peak Power demand reduction over the year is 32%, while the PV energy self-consumption increases by 73%. This can produce an annual energy cost saving of up to £1100 when compared to the same Community with only PV.

Michael W Fowler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • integration of decentralized energy systems with utility scale energy storage through underground hydrogen natural gas co storage using the energy hub approach
    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Kamal Al Rafea, Mohamed Elsholkami, Ali Elkamel, Michael W Fowler
    Abstract:

    Community Power is considered to be an important mechanism that can provide energy for communities using decentralized renewable energy systems and a step forward toward a sustainable future. Decentralized Power systems are characterized by generating Power near the demand centers, providing energy to satisfy local energy requirements. The decentralized energy system can operate with interactions with the local grid, in which it feeds surplus Power generated to it, or it can behave as a stand-alone isolated energy system. The development of Community Power requires the consideration of several sustainability criteria in order to meet the minimum requirements that satisfy communities’ demands and maximize energy generation benefits. These criteria include cost effectiveness, risk to the environment and humans, scaling, efficiency, and resilience. Power to Gas (PtG) as an energy storage is a novel technology that is considered to be a viable solution for the curtailed off-peak surplus Power generated from i...

David Narang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Interconnection assessment methodology and cost benefit analysis for high-penetration PV deployment in the Arizona Public Service system
    2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), 2015
    Co-Authors: Murali Baggu, Julieta Giraldez, Tom Harris, Nicholas Brunhart-lupo, Lars Lisell, David Narang
    Abstract:

    In an effort to better understand the impacts of high penetrations of photovoltaic (PV) generators on distribution systems, Arizona Public Service and its partners completed a multi-year project to develop the tools and knowledge base needed to safely and reliably integrate high penetrations of utility- and residential-scale PV. Building upon the APS Community Power Project-Flagstaff Pilot, this project investigates the impact of PV on a representative feeder in northeast Flagstaff. To quantify and catalog the effects of the estimated 1.3 MW of PV that will be installed on the feeder (both smaller units at homes and large, centrally located systems), high-speed weather and electrical data acquisition systems and digital “smart” meters were designed and installed to facilitate monitoring and to build and validate comprehensive, high-resolution models of the distribution system. These models are being developed to analyze the impacts of PV on distribution circuit protection systems (including coordination and anti-islanding), predict voltage regulation and phase balance issues, and develop volt/VAr control schemes. This paper continues from a paper presented at the 2014 IEEE PVSC conference that described feeder model evaluation and high penetration advanced scenario analysis, specifically feeder reconfiguration. This paper presents results from Phase 5 of the project. Specifically, the paper discusses tool automation; interconnection assessment methodology and cost benefit analysis.

  • Validation and Simulation for High-Penetration Photovoltaic Deployment in the Arizona Public Service System
    2014
    Co-Authors: Murali Baggu, I Raja Ayyanar, David Narang
    Abstract:

    In an effort to better understand the impacts of high penetrations of photovoltaic (PV) generators on distribution systems, Arizona Public Service and its partners are implementin g a multi-year project to develop the tools and knowled ge base needed to safely and reliably inte grate hi gh penetrations of utility- and residential-scal e PV. Buildin g on the APS Community Power Project-Fla gstaff Pilot, this project investi gates the impact of PV on a representative feeder in northeast Flagstaff. To quantify and catalo g the effects of the estimated 1.3 MW of PV that will be installed on the feeder (both smaller units at homes, as well as lar ge, centrally located systems), high-speed weather and electrical data acquisition systems and digital "smart" meters were desig ned and installed to facilitate monitorin g and to build and validate comprehensive, high-resolution models of the distribution system. These models are bein g developed to analyze the impacts of PV on distribution circuit-protecti on systems (includin g coordination and anti­ islandin g), predict volta ge regulation and phase-balance issues, and develop voltlVAr control schemes. This paper expands upon a paper presented at the 2013 IEEE PVSC conference that described updated results from the data acquisition effort, newly developed graphical analysis tools, continued feeder modelin g, utility-scale PV inte gration and performance, and continued model validation. This paper presents results from Phases 3 and 4 of the project. Specifically, the paper discusses feeder model evaluation and extended application for advanced scenario analysis, specifically feeder reconfi guration, smart- grid device interaction study, smart inverter grid, and support functionality.

  • High-penetration PV deployment in the Arizona Public Service system, Phase 2 results and update on Phase 3
    2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2013
    Co-Authors: James Cale, David Narang
    Abstract:

    In an effort to better understand the impacts of high penetrations of photovoltaic (PV) generators on distribution systems, Arizona Public Service and its partners are implementing a multi-year project to develop the tools and knowledgebase needed to safely and reliably integrate high penetrations of utility- and residential-scale PV. Building upon the APS Community Power Project-Flagstaff Pilot, this project investigates the impact of PV on a representative feeder in northeast Flagstaff. To quantify and catalog the effects of the estimated 1.3 MW of PV that will be installed on the feeder (both smaller units at homes as well as large, centrally located systems), high-speed weather and electrical data acquisition systems and digital “smart” meters were designed and installed to facilitate monitoring and to build and validate comprehensive, high-resolution models of the distribution system. These models are being developed to analyze the impacts of PV on distribution circuit protection systems (including coordination and anti-islanding), predict voltage regulation and phase balance issues, and develop volt/var control schemes. This paper continues from a paper presented at the 2012 IEEE PVSC conference that described baseline feeder modeling and preliminary steps toward data acquisition and model validation. This paper presents results from Phase 2, and gives an update on Phase 3 of the project. Specifically, the paper discusses updated results from the data acquisition effort, newly developed graphical analysis tools, continued feeder modeling, utility-scale PV integration and performance, continued model validation, and plans for future phases.

  • High-penetration PV deployment in the Arizona Public Service System, Phase 1 update
    2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2012
    Co-Authors: Joshua Hambrick, David Narang
    Abstract:

    In an effort to better understand the impacts of high penetrations of photovoltaic generators on distribution systems, Arizona Public Service and its partners have begun work on a multi-year project to develop the tools and knowledge-base needed to safely and reliably integrate high penetrations of utility- and residential-scale photovoltaics (PV). Building upon the APS Community Power Project - Flagstaff Pilot, this project will analyze the impact of PV on a representative feeder in northeast Flagstaff. To quantify and catalog the effects of the estimated 1.3 MW of PV that will be installed on the feeder (both smaller units at homes as well as large, centrally located systems), high-speed weather and electrical data acquisition systems and digital “smart” meters are being designed and installed to facilitate monitoring and to build and validate comprehensive, high-resolution models of the distribution system. These models will be used to analyze the impacts of the PV on distribution circuit protection systems (including anti-islanding), predict voltage regulation and phase balance issues, and develop volt/var control schemes. This paper continues from a paper presented at the 2011 IEEE PVSC conference that introduces the project and describes some of the preliminary consideration, as well as project plans and early results. This paper gives a status update of the project and presents selected results from Phase 2 of the project. It discusses baseline feeder modeling, load allocation, data acquisition, utility-scale PV integration, preliminary model validation, and plans for future phases.

Frede Hvelplund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • between grassroots and treetops Community Power and institutional dependence in the renewable energy sector in denmark sweden and the netherlands
    Energy research and social science, 2018
    Co-Authors: H J Kooij, Marieke Oteman, Sietske Veenman, Karl Sperling, Dick Magnusson, Jenny Palm, Frede Hvelplund
    Abstract:

    The speed and progress of transitions towards renewable energy systems varies greatly between European member states. Among others, these differences have been attributed to the emergence of grassroots initiatives (GIs) that develop radical ideas and sustainable practices. The goal of this paper is to understand the differences in the emergence of GIs for renewable energy in relation to the institutional characteristics of Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden. We analyze the possibilities of GIs to emerge and act within three dimensions: the material-economic, the actor-institutional and discursive dimension. We conclude that conditional factors lie within the material-economic dimension in terms of the biophysical conditions, the structure of the economy, energy dependency and the energy market. Within the actor-institutional dimension, we conclude that the presence or absence of fossil fuel incumbents, such as regional utilities, strongly influence the possibilities of GIs. Within the discursive dimension, openness for alternative discourses proved to be enabling for GI-activities, as well as democratized knowledge production. In addition to these conditions of possibility, GIs can also act despite dominant institutions, albeit limited. Finally, GIs need a strong network with knowledge institutes, technology developers and political parties in order to achieve institutional change that enables GIs to flourish. Without institutional space, GIs remain subjected to the dominant Power-relations, and cannot exert much influence upon the energy system.

Jie Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • multi agent based multi objective renewable energy management for diversified Community Power consumers
    Applied Energy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Linyun Xiong, Ziqiang Wang, Jie Wang
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper proposes a multi-objective renewable energy management scheme to satisfy the needs of diversified Community Power consumers, wherein the multi-agent system is employed for coordinating and controlling the Power generation and consumption units. Firstly, a multi-agent based microgrid and home energy management system is constructed. Subsequently, system models for renewable energy sources, electrical vehicles, residential loads and the cost function are constructed to form the microgrid operation constraints. With these constraints, three optimization models are proposed to minimize the electricity bills, the Power purchased from the main grid, and optimize the Power quality. The three objectives are proposed to reflect the Power consumer’s needs for cost saving, green consumption, and Power reliability, respectively. Meanwhile, a coordination strategy which balances the three objectives is proposed. After that, a novel multi agent system is proposed to realize the proposed objectives. Four case studies and a sensitivity analysis are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The case study results show that: in electricity minimization, 2–6.5% of total electricity bills can be saved; in main grid Power consumption minimization, the peaks of the Power consumption profiles are shaved while the valleys of the profiles are filled; in Power quality enhancement, the steady state frequency drop is reduced for 0.35 Hz to 0.38 Hz. The sensitivity analysis shows that communities equipped with energy storage systems accounting for 30% of the total load can achieve best optimization outcomes; the increase in renewable energy usage will lead to higher electricity bills and poorer Power quality if the renewable energy sources are limited, while the availability of more renewable energy sources will compensate for the negative effects of using renewable energy sources.