The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gretchen Walters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Governance of restoration and institutions: Working with Ghana’s Community Resource Management Areas
World Development Perspectives, 2016Co-Authors: M. Baruah, S. Bobtoya, P. Mbile, Gretchen WaltersAbstract:Restoration is occurring worldwide in a variety of landscapes. In Ghana, Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) are employed by the government and communities to address participatory Management outside protected areas, including a focus on forest landscape restoration. Recent research in one restoration-oriented CREMA in western Ghana revealed internal governance issues including accountability and transparency which reduced the CREMA’s ability to facilitate restoration on cocoa farms. Since then, through action learning, the Community has been working to improve governance. This case study details that process and shows how working with CREMAs on these governance issues could enable restoration to occur. Lessons for policy and practice are presented.
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governance of restoration and institutions working with ghana s Community Resource Management areas
World Development Perspectives, 2016Co-Authors: M. Baruah, S. Bobtoya, P. Mbile, Gretchen WaltersAbstract:Restoration is occurring worldwide in a variety of landscapes. In Ghana, Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) are employed by the government and communities to address participatory Management outside protected areas, including a focus on forest landscape restoration. Recent research in one restoration-oriented CREMA in western Ghana revealed internal governance issues including accountability and transparency which reduced the CREMA’s ability to facilitate restoration on cocoa farms. Since then, through action learning, the Community has been working to improve governance. This case study details that process and shows how working with CREMAs on these governance issues could enable restoration to occur. Lessons for policy and practice are presented.
Jetske Bouma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effective support for Community Resource Management
Forest Policy and Economics, 2013Co-Authors: Erik Ansink, Jetske BoumaAbstract:A popular alternative to state-led Resource Management is Community Resource Management. This decentralised approach is potentially more efficient, but is not necessarily stable. We study this issue using coalition theory, arguing that some of the conditions for effective Community Resource Management may induce the formation of a coalition of Community members – rather than the Community as a whole – that cooperate in Resource Management. We employ a classical model specification from the literature on international environmental agreements to analyse the stability of such coalitions. A novel observation that we make in this paper is that coalitions may be the target of intervention in order to boost Community conservation effort. To analyse this possibility, we extend the model with a payment to the coalition, which can be interpreted as a payment for the provision of ecosystem services. Our results show that such payments can stabilise larger and otherwise unstable coalitions, and thereby increase Community conservation effort. Moreover, we solve the selection problem of optimal payment by an external agent and we show how this optimal payment relates to the communities' opportunity costs of conservation. These results are relevant for the theoretical literature on coalition theory, the empirical literature on Community Resource Management, and the policy debate on the potential impact of incentive mechanisms for Community-based conservation.
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trust and cooperation social capital and Community Resource Management
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2008Co-Authors: Jetske Bouma, Erwin Bulte, Daan Van SoestAbstract:Social capital is one of the main determinants of Community Resource Management success. We use the (average) amount sent in a trust game as a measure of social capital in five rural villages in India. Combining these experimental data with household surveys we analyze: (i) how the amount sent is correlated with socio-cultural Community characteristics, (ii) how social capital affects Community Resource Management, and (iii) to what extent experimental play is consistent with real on-farm behavior in terms of providing a semi-public good. The results are interesting from a policy perspective, and provide insight into (bridging) the gap between lab experiments and the field.
Alison Ormsby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analysis of Local Attitudes Toward the Sacred Groves of Meghalaya and Karnataka, India
Conservation and Society, 2013Co-Authors: Alison OrmsbyAbstract:The sacred groves of India represent a long-held tradition of Community Management of forests for cultural reasons. This study used social science research methods in the states of Meghalaya and Karnataka to determine local attitudes toward the sacred groves, elements of sacred grove Management including restrictions on Resource use, as well as ceremonies associated with sacred groves. Over a seven-month period, 156 interviews were conducted in 17 communities. Residents identified existing taboos on use of natural Resources in the sacred groves, consequences of breaking the taboos, and the frequency and types of rituals associated with the sacred groves. Results show that numerous factors contribute to pressures on sacred groves, including cultural change and natural Resource demands. In Meghalaya, the frequency of rituals conducted in association with the sacred groves is declining. In both Meghalaya and Karnataka, there is economic pressure to extract Resources from sacred groves or to reduce the sacred grove size, particularly for coffee production in Kodagu in Karnataka. Support for traditional ceremonies, existing local Community Resource Management, and comprehensive education programs associated with the sacred groves is recommended.
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Perceptions of Tourism at Sacred Groves in Ghana and India
2013Co-Authors: Alison OrmsbyAbstract:Sacred groves are forested sites that have cultural or spiritual significance. They exist around the world and represent a long-held tradition of Community Management of forests. While most sacred sites are not tourist destinations, tourism may represent a method to provide additional protection for sacred sites, including revenue to help with Management and conservation. Tourism can celebrate the cultural aspects of the site, in the case of cultural heritage tourism, or ignore them as is often the case with mass tourism. This paper presents the results of research in two countries with numerous sacred groves: Ghana and India. Ethnographic research was conducted at five sacred forests that allow tourism, in 2006 at two sites in Ghana, and in 2009 at three sites in the state of Meghalaya, India. The research focused on Community attitudes toward the sacred forest and tourism. A qualitative, ethnographic research methodology was used, including semi-structured, open-ended interviews. A total of 103 residents were interviewed, 59 in Ghana and 44 in India. Three main research questions were explored: How do residents near a sacred grove perceive current and potential future tourism to the grove? How are residents and the sacred grove affected by tourism? What do residents envision for the future of the sacred grove? Case studies of each site are presented, as well as a comparison of the five sites. Research in Ghana and India revealed sites with a range of stages of tourism development and levels of revenue sharing. Each site has a different history of local Community and/or external support as well as approaches to manage tourists. A number of factors contribute to pressures on the groves, including cultural changes and natural Resource demands. In some cases, economic incentives can link with traditional protection for successful natural Resource conservation. Tourism represents both a possible benefit to groves through recognition and valuing of the site that can lead to funding and conservation support, but also a threat to sacred sites due to the negative consequences of possible over-use, such as solid waste disposal and ecological impacts. Support for traditional rituals, Community Resource Management, and education programs associated with the groves is recommended. Culturally sensitive tourism guidelines and tourism profit sharing plans, developed with the input of sacred grove stakeholders and custodians, are needed. Visitor carrying capacity should be considered, as well as the possible implications of designating sacred groves as World Heritage Sites.
M. Baruah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Governance of restoration and institutions: Working with Ghana’s Community Resource Management Areas
World Development Perspectives, 2016Co-Authors: M. Baruah, S. Bobtoya, P. Mbile, Gretchen WaltersAbstract:Restoration is occurring worldwide in a variety of landscapes. In Ghana, Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) are employed by the government and communities to address participatory Management outside protected areas, including a focus on forest landscape restoration. Recent research in one restoration-oriented CREMA in western Ghana revealed internal governance issues including accountability and transparency which reduced the CREMA’s ability to facilitate restoration on cocoa farms. Since then, through action learning, the Community has been working to improve governance. This case study details that process and shows how working with CREMAs on these governance issues could enable restoration to occur. Lessons for policy and practice are presented.
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governance of restoration and institutions working with ghana s Community Resource Management areas
World Development Perspectives, 2016Co-Authors: M. Baruah, S. Bobtoya, P. Mbile, Gretchen WaltersAbstract:Restoration is occurring worldwide in a variety of landscapes. In Ghana, Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) are employed by the government and communities to address participatory Management outside protected areas, including a focus on forest landscape restoration. Recent research in one restoration-oriented CREMA in western Ghana revealed internal governance issues including accountability and transparency which reduced the CREMA’s ability to facilitate restoration on cocoa farms. Since then, through action learning, the Community has been working to improve governance. This case study details that process and shows how working with CREMAs on these governance issues could enable restoration to occur. Lessons for policy and practice are presented.
Philip Hirsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A State of Uncertainty: Political Economy of Community Resource Management at Tab Salao, Thailand
Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 1995Co-Authors: Philip HirschAbstract:Community Resource Management has attracted increasing interest as a direction for more equitable, effective, and sustainable use of the environment. Development programmes and academic studies have investigated institutional and organizational potentials and obstacles. Relatively little attention has been given to the local and wider politicaleconomic contexts in which local initiatives are expected to operate. A case-study of Resource Management at Tab Salao in western Thailand exemplifies the constraints experienced by communities in the face of ambiguity and uncertainty created by hegemony over Resources by the state, and its alliance with local economic interests.
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Community Resource Management and Political-Economic Restructuring in Mainland Southeast Asia
1994Co-Authors: Philip HirschAbstract:Recent concern for more sustainable and participatory approaches to development has encouraged a renewed focus on Community Resource Management. This article outlines a framework and research agenda for broadening investigation of Community Management of land, forest, water, and other Resources on which people depend for their livelihoods in rural Southeast Asia. The main task addressed is the linking of local parameters of culture and ecology to wider determinants, opportunities, and constraints set by political-economic structures. The importance of linking local and wider processes is twofold. First, it is clear that with regional integration of rural economies at a number of scales, it is unrealistic to limit our consideration of Community Resource Management to local parameters. Second, having acknowledged the need to account for broader political-economic influences, we need to address the contexts of political-economic restructuring occurring throughout the region. In doing so we will better be able to understand - and perhaps develop a basis for acting upon - the multiple conflicts evident in Resource and environment issues in Southeast Asia today. The discussion begins by considering the background to Community Resource Management in the region. The principal contexts of political-economic restructuring are discussed with reference to mainland Southeast Asia.(2) Case study material from recently initiated research in Laos illustrates the key themes, and some parallel research in Vietnam and Thailand is also presented in summary. A case is made for investigating Community Resource Management as part of a wider project that considers processes operating at a number of scales. Finally, strategic responses are considered in light of this framework. Community Resource Management Background and Scope In rural Southeast Asia, land, water, and forest Resources held and managed both collectively and individually are of critical importance to local livelihoods and the maintenance of environmental quality. Community Resource Management is concerned with local common property Resources (in particular, forests, grazing and fallow land, fishing rights, and water) and with the rules regarding allocation and use of individually managed Resources that are not held as permanent, fully transferable private property.(3) Community Resource Management is crucial in developing strategies toward sustainable development in Southeast Asia.(4) Concern over top-down, technocratic approaches to development has encouraged interest in, and study of, local cultural and ecological parameters that help determine the use and Management of land, water, and forest Resources in different local settings.(5) Many aid and other development projects now include Community forestry and other components addressing Community Resource Management potentials. Sensitive and participatory intervention in Community Resource Management clearly needs to build on pre-existing mechanisms, both those influenced by local culture and ecology and those that have arisen as a result of various development paths. Contingent Influences Locally and historically specific manifestations of Community Resource Management can be understood with reference to local ecology and settlement history, but also to wider determinants. Broadly there are three intersecting historical influences on Community Resource Management in rural Southeast Asia that help determine structures and processes of collective and individual control and use of Resources [ILLUSTRATION FOR FIGURE 1 OMITTED!. Traditional arrangements, locally sanctioned and often but not exclusively subsistence-oriented, include common grazing land, irrigation associations, and village forests, as well as socially determined patterns of individual inheritance and usufruct. The subak irrigation societies of Bali are well known,(6) and similar arrangements can be found in the muang-fai systems of northern Thailand and Laos. …