The Experts below are selected from a list of 65130 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David Mckenzie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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using global positioning systems in Household Surveys for better economics and better policy
World Bank Research Observer, 2007Co-Authors: John Gibson, David MckenzieAbstract:Distance and location are important determinants of many choices that economists study. While these variables can sometimes be obtained from secondary data, economists often rely on information that is self-reported by respondents in Surveys. These self-reports are used especially for the distance from Households or community centers to various features such as roads, markets, schools, clinics, and other public services. There is growing evidence that self-reported distance is measured with error and that these errors are correlated with outcomes of interest. In contrast to self-reports, the Global Positioning System (GPS) can determine almost exact location (typically within 15 meters). The falling cost of GPS receivers (typically below US$100) makes it increasingly feasible for field Surveys to use GPS as a better method of measuring location and distance. In this paper the authors review four ways that GPS can lead to better economics and better policy: (1) through constructing instrumental variables that can be used to understand the causal impact of policies, (2) by helping to understand policy externalities and spillovers, (3) through better understanding of access to services, and (4) by improving the collection of Household survey data. They also discuss several pitfalls and unresolved problems with using GPS in Household Surveys.
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using the global positioning system in Household Surveys for better economics and better policy
Social Science Research Network, 2007Co-Authors: John Gibson, David MckenzieAbstract:Distance and location are important determinants of many choices that economists study. While these variables can sometimes be obtained from secondary data, economists often rely on information that is self-reported by respondents in Surveys. These self-reports are used especially for the distance from Households or community centers to various features such as roads, markets, schools, clinics, and other public services. There is growing evidence that self-reported distance is measured with error and that these errors are correlated with outcomes of interest. In contrast to self-reports, the Global Positioning System (GPS) can determine almost exact location (typically within 15 meters). The falling cost of GPS receivers (typically below US$100) makes it increasingly feasible for field Surveys to use GPS as a better method of measuring location and distance. In this paper the authors review four ways that GPS can lead to better economics and better policy: (1) through constructing instrumental variables that can be used to understand the causal impact of policies, (2) by helping to understand policy externalities and spillovers, (3) through better understanding of access to services, and (4) by improving the collection of Household survey data. They also discuss several pitfalls and unresolved problems with using GPS in Household Surveys.
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using the global positioning system gps in Household Surveys for better economics and better policy
Research Papers in Economics, 2007Co-Authors: John Gibson, David MckenzieAbstract:Distance and location are important determinants of many choices that economists study. While these variables can sometimes be obtained from secondary data, economists often rely on information that is self-reported by respondents in Surveys. These self-reports are used especially for the distance from Households or community centers to various features such as roads, markets, schools, clinics and other public services. There is growing evidence that self-reported distance is measured with error and that these errors are correlated with outcomes of interest. In contrast to self-reports, the Global Positioning System (GPS) can determine almost exact location (typically within 15 meters). The falling cost of GPS receivers (typically below US$100) makes it increasingly feasible for field Surveys to use GPS as a better method of measuring location and distance. In this paper we review four ways that GPS can lead to better economics and better policy: (i) through constructing instrumental variables that can be used to understand the causal impact of policies, (ii) by helping to understand policy externalities and spillovers, (iii) through better understanding of the access to services, and (iv) by improving the collection of Household survey data. We also discuss several pitfalls and unresolved problems with using GPS in Household Surveys.
Dale A Rhoda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of state weights on national vaccination coverage estimates from Household Surveys in nigeria
Vaccine, 2020Co-Authors: Tracy Qi Dong, Dale A Rhoda, Laina D MercerAbstract:Abstract National vaccination coverage estimates from Household Surveys are widely used in monitoring and planning of immunization programs. In Nigeria, survey-reported national coverage estimates have shown large fluctuations in the past few years. In this paper, we examine the impact of state-level survey weighting on Nigeria’s national vaccination coverage estimation. In particular, we focus three vaccination-related outcomes among children aged 12–23 months: the coverage of the third dose of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine (DPT3); the coverage of the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1); and the availability rate of home-based vaccination record (HBR). We compare the sample selection and weight assignment of three major survey programs in Nigeria, and show that considerable portions of the changes in survey-reported national coverage estimates can be explained by shifts in state-level weights. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of state weighting method in estimating aggregated national coverage figures and provides important context for interpreting changes in coverage estimates between Surveys in the future.
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measuring coverage in mnch total survey error and the interpretation of intervention coverage estimates from Household Surveys
PLOS Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Thomas P Eisele, Aluisio J D Barros, Dale A Rhoda, Felicity T Cutts, Joseph Keating, Ruilin Ren, Fred ArnoldAbstract:Nationally representative Household Surveys are increasingly relied upon to measure maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) intervention coverage at the population level in low- and middle-income countries. Surveys are the best tool we have for this purpose and are central to national and global decision making. However, all survey point estimates have a certain level of error (total survey error) comprising sampling and non-sampling error, both of which must be considered when interpreting survey results for decision making. In this review, we discuss the importance of considering these errors when interpreting MNCH intervention coverage estimates derived from Household Surveys, using relevant examples from national Surveys to provide context. Sampling error is usually thought of as the precision of a point estimate and is represented by 95% confidence intervals, which are measurable. Confidence intervals can inform judgments about whether estimated parameters are likely to be different from the real value of a parameter. We recommend, therefore, that confidence intervals for key coverage indicators should always be provided in survey reports. By contrast, the direction and magnitude of non-sampling error is almost always unmeasurable, and therefore unknown. Information error and bias are the most common sources of non-sampling error in Household survey estimates and we recommend that they should always be carefully considered when interpreting MNCH intervention coverage based on survey data. Overall, we recommend that future research on measuring MNCH intervention coverage should focus on refining and improving survey-based coverage estimates to develop a better understanding of how results should be interpreted and used.
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measuring coverage in mnch design implementation and interpretation challenges associated with tracking vaccination coverage using Household Surveys
PLOS Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Felicity T Cutts, Hector S Izurieta, Dale A RhodaAbstract:Vaccination coverage is an important public health indicator that is measured using administrative reports and/or Surveys. The measurement of vaccination coverage in low- and middle-income countries using Surveys is susceptible to numerous challenges. These challenges include selection bias and information bias, which cannot be solved by increasing the sample size, and the precision of the coverage estimate, which is determined by the survey sample size and sampling method. Selection bias can result from an inaccurate sampling frame or inappropriate field procedures and, since populations likely to be missed in a vaccination coverage survey are also likely to be missed by vaccination teams, most often inflates coverage estimates. Importantly, the large multi-purpose Household Surveys that are often used to measure vaccination coverage have invested substantial effort to reduce selection bias. Information bias occurs when a child's vaccination status is misclassified due to mistakes on his or her vaccination record, in data transcription, in the way survey questions are presented, or in the guardian's recall of vaccination for children without a written record. There has been substantial reliance on the guardian's recall in recent Surveys, and, worryingly, information bias may become more likely in the future as immunization schedules become more complex and variable. Finally, some Surveys assess immunity directly using serological assays. Sero-Surveys are important for assessing public health risk, but currently are unable to validate coverage estimates directly. To improve vaccination coverage estimates based on Surveys, we recommend that recording tools and practices should be improved and that Surveys should incorporate best practices for design, implementation, and analysis.
Tracy Qi Dong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling and presentation of vaccination coverage estimates using data from Household Surveys
Vaccine, 2021Co-Authors: Tracy Qi Dong, Jon WakefieldAbstract:It is becoming increasingly popular to produce high-resolution maps of vaccination coverage by fitting Bayesian geostatistical models to data from Household Surveys. Usually, the Surveys adopt a stratified cluster sampling design. We discuss a number of crucial choices with respect to two key aspects of the map production process: the acknowledgement of the survey design in modeling, and the appropriate presentation of estimates and their uncertainties. Specifically, we consider the importance of accounting for urban/rural stratification and cluster-level non-spatial excess variation in survey outcomes, when fitting geostatistical models. We also discuss the trade-off between the geographical scale and precision of model-based estimates, and demonstrate visualization methods for mapping and ranking that emphasize the probabilistic interpretation of results. A novel approach to coverage map presentation is proposed to allow comparison and control of the overall map uncertainty. We use measles vaccination coverage in Nigeria as a motivating example and illustrate the different issues using data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey.
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impact of state weights on national vaccination coverage estimates from Household Surveys in nigeria
Vaccine, 2020Co-Authors: Tracy Qi Dong, Dale A Rhoda, Laina D MercerAbstract:Abstract National vaccination coverage estimates from Household Surveys are widely used in monitoring and planning of immunization programs. In Nigeria, survey-reported national coverage estimates have shown large fluctuations in the past few years. In this paper, we examine the impact of state-level survey weighting on Nigeria’s national vaccination coverage estimation. In particular, we focus three vaccination-related outcomes among children aged 12–23 months: the coverage of the third dose of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine (DPT3); the coverage of the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1); and the availability rate of home-based vaccination record (HBR). We compare the sample selection and weight assignment of three major survey programs in Nigeria, and show that considerable portions of the changes in survey-reported national coverage estimates can be explained by shifts in state-level weights. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of state weighting method in estimating aggregated national coverage figures and provides important context for interpreting changes in coverage estimates between Surveys in the future.
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Modeling and presentation of vaccination coverage estimates using data from Household Surveys
2020Co-Authors: Tracy Qi Dong, Wakefield JonAbstract:It is becoming increasingly popular to produce high-resolution maps of vaccination coverage by fitting Bayesian geostatistical models to data from Household Surveys. Often, the Surveys adopt a stratified cluster sampling design. We discuss a number of crucial choices with respect to two key aspects of the map production process: the acknowledgment of the survey design in modeling, and the appropriate presentation of estimates and their uncertainties. Specifically, we consider the importance of accounting for survey stratification and cluster-level non-spatial excess variation in survey outcomes when fitting geostatistical models. We also discuss the trade-off between the geographical scale and precision of model-based estimates, and demonstrate visualization methods for mapping and ranking that emphasize the probabilistic interpretation of results. A novel approach to coverage map presentation is proposed to allow comparison and control of the overall map uncertainty level. We use measles vaccination coverage in Nigeria as a motivating example and illustrate the different issues using data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey
John Gibson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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using global positioning systems in Household Surveys for better economics and better policy
World Bank Research Observer, 2007Co-Authors: John Gibson, David MckenzieAbstract:Distance and location are important determinants of many choices that economists study. While these variables can sometimes be obtained from secondary data, economists often rely on information that is self-reported by respondents in Surveys. These self-reports are used especially for the distance from Households or community centers to various features such as roads, markets, schools, clinics, and other public services. There is growing evidence that self-reported distance is measured with error and that these errors are correlated with outcomes of interest. In contrast to self-reports, the Global Positioning System (GPS) can determine almost exact location (typically within 15 meters). The falling cost of GPS receivers (typically below US$100) makes it increasingly feasible for field Surveys to use GPS as a better method of measuring location and distance. In this paper the authors review four ways that GPS can lead to better economics and better policy: (1) through constructing instrumental variables that can be used to understand the causal impact of policies, (2) by helping to understand policy externalities and spillovers, (3) through better understanding of access to services, and (4) by improving the collection of Household survey data. They also discuss several pitfalls and unresolved problems with using GPS in Household Surveys.
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using the global positioning system in Household Surveys for better economics and better policy
Social Science Research Network, 2007Co-Authors: John Gibson, David MckenzieAbstract:Distance and location are important determinants of many choices that economists study. While these variables can sometimes be obtained from secondary data, economists often rely on information that is self-reported by respondents in Surveys. These self-reports are used especially for the distance from Households or community centers to various features such as roads, markets, schools, clinics, and other public services. There is growing evidence that self-reported distance is measured with error and that these errors are correlated with outcomes of interest. In contrast to self-reports, the Global Positioning System (GPS) can determine almost exact location (typically within 15 meters). The falling cost of GPS receivers (typically below US$100) makes it increasingly feasible for field Surveys to use GPS as a better method of measuring location and distance. In this paper the authors review four ways that GPS can lead to better economics and better policy: (1) through constructing instrumental variables that can be used to understand the causal impact of policies, (2) by helping to understand policy externalities and spillovers, (3) through better understanding of access to services, and (4) by improving the collection of Household survey data. They also discuss several pitfalls and unresolved problems with using GPS in Household Surveys.
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using the global positioning system gps in Household Surveys for better economics and better policy
Research Papers in Economics, 2007Co-Authors: John Gibson, David MckenzieAbstract:Distance and location are important determinants of many choices that economists study. While these variables can sometimes be obtained from secondary data, economists often rely on information that is self-reported by respondents in Surveys. These self-reports are used especially for the distance from Households or community centers to various features such as roads, markets, schools, clinics and other public services. There is growing evidence that self-reported distance is measured with error and that these errors are correlated with outcomes of interest. In contrast to self-reports, the Global Positioning System (GPS) can determine almost exact location (typically within 15 meters). The falling cost of GPS receivers (typically below US$100) makes it increasingly feasible for field Surveys to use GPS as a better method of measuring location and distance. In this paper we review four ways that GPS can lead to better economics and better policy: (i) through constructing instrumental variables that can be used to understand the causal impact of policies, (ii) by helping to understand policy externalities and spillovers, (iii) through better understanding of the access to services, and (iv) by improving the collection of Household survey data. We also discuss several pitfalls and unresolved problems with using GPS in Household Surveys.
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using gps in Household Surveys for better economics and better policy
2007Co-Authors: John Gibson, D R MckenzieAbstract:Distance and location are important determinants of many choices that economists study. While these variables can sometimes be obtained from secondary data, economists typically rely on information that is self-reported by respondents in Surveys. These self-reports are especially for the distance from Households or community centers to various features such as roads, markets, schools, clinics and other public services. There is increasing evidence that self-reported distance is measured with error and that these errors are correlated with outcomes of interest. In contrast to self-reports, the Global Positioning System (GPS) can determine almost exact location (within 15 meters). The falling cost of GPS receivers (typically below US$100) makes it increasingly feasible for field Surveys to use GPS as a better method of measuring location and distance. In this paper we review four ways that GPS can lead to better economics and better policy: (i) through constructing instrumental variables that can be used to understand the causal impact of policies, (ii) by helping to understand policy externalities and spillovers, (iii) through better understanding of the access to services, and (iv) by improving the collection of Household survey data.
Robert M Townsend - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrated Household Surveys an assessment of u s methods and an innovation
Economic Inquiry, 2018Co-Authors: Krislert Samphantharak, Scott Schuh, Robert M TownsendAbstract:We present a vision for improving Household financial Surveys by integrating responses from questionnaires more completely with financial statements and combining them with payments data from diaries. Integrated Household financial accounts—balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows—are used to assess the degree of integration in leading U.S. Household Surveys, focusing on inconsistencies in measures of the change in cash. Diaries of consumer payment choice can improve dynamic integration. Using payments data, we construct a statement of liquidity flows: a detailed analysis of currency, checking accounts, prepaid cards, credit cards, and other payment instruments, consistent with conventional cash flow measures and the other financial accounts. (JEL D12, D14, E41, E42)
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integrated Household Surveys an assessment of u s methods and an innovation
SSRN, 2017Co-Authors: Krislert Samphantharak, Scott Schuh, Robert M TownsendAbstract:Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (grant number R01 HD027638)
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integrated Household Surveys an assessment of u s methods and an innovation
Research Papers in Economics, 2017Co-Authors: Krislert Samphantharak, Scott Schuh, Robert M TownsendAbstract:We present a vision for improving Household financial Surveys by integrating responses from questionnaires more completely with financial statements and combining them with payments data from diaries. Integrated Household financial accounts?-balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows?-are used to assess the degree of integration in leading U.S. Household Surveys, focusing on inconsistencies in measures of the change in cash. Diaries of consumer payment choice can improve dynamic integration. Using payments data, we construct a statement of liquidity flows: a detailed analysis of currency, checking accounts, prepaid cards, credit cards, and other payment instruments, consistent with conventional cash-flows measures and the other financial accounts.
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Households as corporate firms an analysis of Household finance using integrated Household Surveys and corporate financial accounting
2009Co-Authors: Krislert Samphantharak, Robert M TownsendAbstract:Part I. Households as Corporate Firms: 1. Introduction 2. Conceptual framework Part II. Household Financial Accounting: 3. Household Surveys 4. Constructing Household financial statements from a Household survey Part III. Household Finance: 5. Financial analysis 6. An application: liquidity constraints, kinship networks, and the financing of Household investment 7. Discussion: measurement and modeling.
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Households as corporate firms constructing financial statements from integrated Household Surveys
Social Science Research Network, 2006Co-Authors: Krislert Samphantharak, Robert M TownsendAbstract:We use and modify the rigorous standards of corporate financial accounting to create the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows for Households in developing countries. The purpose is to better measure productivity, risk, financing, and portfolio management in an analysis of high frequency panel data. What emerges is an analogy between Households and corporate firms. For example, Household wealth can be viewed as equity, consumption as dividends, gifts as equity issue, and the Household budget constraint as the firm cash flow constraint. The accounts also allow us to distinguish savings as a budget surplus as in the cash flow statement versus savings as wealth accumulation as in the balance sheet. We show how to use a high frequency Household survey that contains a series of detailed questions to create the line items of each of the financial statements, and we propose accounting procedures to deal with nontrivial issues: multiperiod production activities, storage, inventories, livestock aging, loan repayments, barter transactions, gifts and transfers, owner-produced consumption and other intra-Household transactions. We then show how to use the accounts to analyze the rate of return to production activities, the debt to wealth ratio, and the movement of both consumption and investment to income. Finally, we show how to use the statement of cash flows to decompose and quantify Household budget deficits into their various financing components and show how to apply the balance sheet to study Household portfolio management. The conceptualization of this paper has important implications for measurement, questionnaire design, the modeling of Household decisions, and the analysis of panel data.
