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Ken Pease - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • burglary victimization in england and wales the united states and the netherlands a cross national Comparative Test of routine activities and lifestyle theories
    Social Science Research Network, 2004
    Co-Authors: Andromachi Tseloni, Karin Wittebrood, Graham Farrell, Ken Pease
    Abstract:

    This study examines factors relating to burglary incidence in England and Wales, the United States, and the Netherlands. Negative binomial regression models are developed based on routine activities theory. Data are drawn from national victimization surveys of about the same time: the 1994 British Crime Survey, the 1994 National Crime Victimisation Survey, and the 1993 Police Monitor, respectively. Relative to the two European countries, US households have more idiosyncratic patterns of burglary victimization. Despite differences across the three data sets, several similar effects emerge of variables tapping lifestyle characteristics on burglary victimization. Four variables had significant effects in the same direction in two or more countries where the third country showed a non-significant effect in the same direction. These were age, lone parent household status, urbanization, and the presence of security measures in the home. Some variables had significant effects in opposite directions according to country: rented accommodation was associated with higher burglary rates in the UK but lower rates in the Netherlands; household affluence was linked with higher rates of burglary in the UK and lower rates in the United States.

  • burglary victimization in england and wales the united states and the netherlands a cross national Comparative Test of routine activities and lifestyle theories
    British Journal of Criminology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Andromachi Tseloni, Karin Wittebrood, Graham Farrell, Ken Pease
    Abstract:

    This study examines factors relating to burglary incidence in England and Wales, the United States, and the Netherlands. Negative binomial regression models are developed based on routine activities theory. Data are drawn from national victimization surveys of about the same time: the 1994 British Crime Survey, the 1994 National Crime Victimisation Survey, and the 1993 Police Monitor, respectively. Relative to the two European countries, US households have more idiosyncratic patterns of burglary victimization. Despite differences across the three data sets, several similar effects emerge of variables tapping lifestyle characteristics on burglary victimization. Four variables had significant effects in the same direction in two or more countries where the third country showed a non-significant effect in the same direction. These were age, lone parent household status, urbanization, and the presence of security measures in the home. Some variables had significant effects in opposite directions according to country: rented accommodation was associated with higher burglary rates in the UK but lower rates in the Netherlands; household affluence was linked with higher rates of burglary in the UK and lower rates in the United States. The present study seeks to contribute to crime research in two main areas. The first contribution is to substantive knowledge about crime. The contribution derives from an examination of three main research questions: • Do indicators derived from routine activity and lifestyle theory affect household burglary incidence similarly across three countries? • If they do, which are the most consistent? • What are the potential implications of the findings? The second hoped-for contribution is to methodology, though this is necessarily also linked to the area of substantive knowledge. There are, to the writers’ knowledge, no previous cross-national studies which use Comparative negative binomial models to examine routine activity and lifestyle theories. The negative binomial model has two main advantages for present purposes. First, it accounts for the role of repeat victimization in the composition of crime. Second, it allows an examination of the extent of unexplained heterogeneity between households in different countries (this is explained more fully below). Further, instead of concentrating on relatively few variables as in some previous studies, all available indicators of routine activities and lifestyle are

Miranda W Langendam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • grade guidance 31 assessing the certainty across a body of evidence for Comparative Test accuracy
    Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Bada Yang, Reem A Mustafa, Patrick M M Bossuyt, Jan Brozek, Monica Hultcrantz, Mariska M G Leeflang, Holger J Schunemann, Miranda W Langendam
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objectives This article provides GRADE guidance on how authors of evidence syntheses and health decision makers, including guideline developers, can rate the certainty across a body of evidence for Comparative Test accuracy questions. Study design and setting This guidance extends the previously published GRADE guidance for assessing certainty of evidence for Test accuracy to scenarios in which two or more index Tests are compared. Through an iterative brainstorm-discussion-feedback process within the GRADE working group, we developed a guidance accompanied by practical examples. Results Rating the certainty of evidence for Comparative Test accuracy shares many concepts and ideas with the existing GRADE guidance for Test accuracy. The rating in comparisons of Test accuracy requires additional considerations, such as the selection of appropriate Comparative study designs, additional criteria for judging risk of bias, and the consequences of using Comparative measures of Test accuracy. Distinct approaches to rating certainty are required for Comparative Test accuracy studies and between-study (indirect) comparisons. Conclusion This GRADE guidance will support transparent assessment of the certainty for a body of Comparative Test accuracy evidence.

Reem A Mustafa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • grade guidance 31 assessing the certainty across a body of evidence for Comparative Test accuracy
    Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Bada Yang, Reem A Mustafa, Patrick M M Bossuyt, Jan Brozek, Monica Hultcrantz, Mariska M G Leeflang, Holger J Schunemann, Miranda W Langendam
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objectives This article provides GRADE guidance on how authors of evidence syntheses and health decision makers, including guideline developers, can rate the certainty across a body of evidence for Comparative Test accuracy questions. Study design and setting This guidance extends the previously published GRADE guidance for assessing certainty of evidence for Test accuracy to scenarios in which two or more index Tests are compared. Through an iterative brainstorm-discussion-feedback process within the GRADE working group, we developed a guidance accompanied by practical examples. Results Rating the certainty of evidence for Comparative Test accuracy shares many concepts and ideas with the existing GRADE guidance for Test accuracy. The rating in comparisons of Test accuracy requires additional considerations, such as the selection of appropriate Comparative study designs, additional criteria for judging risk of bias, and the consequences of using Comparative measures of Test accuracy. Distinct approaches to rating certainty are required for Comparative Test accuracy studies and between-study (indirect) comparisons. Conclusion This GRADE guidance will support transparent assessment of the certainty for a body of Comparative Test accuracy evidence.

Andromachi Tseloni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • burglary victimization in england and wales the united states and the netherlands a cross national Comparative Test of routine activities and lifestyle theories
    Social Science Research Network, 2004
    Co-Authors: Andromachi Tseloni, Karin Wittebrood, Graham Farrell, Ken Pease
    Abstract:

    This study examines factors relating to burglary incidence in England and Wales, the United States, and the Netherlands. Negative binomial regression models are developed based on routine activities theory. Data are drawn from national victimization surveys of about the same time: the 1994 British Crime Survey, the 1994 National Crime Victimisation Survey, and the 1993 Police Monitor, respectively. Relative to the two European countries, US households have more idiosyncratic patterns of burglary victimization. Despite differences across the three data sets, several similar effects emerge of variables tapping lifestyle characteristics on burglary victimization. Four variables had significant effects in the same direction in two or more countries where the third country showed a non-significant effect in the same direction. These were age, lone parent household status, urbanization, and the presence of security measures in the home. Some variables had significant effects in opposite directions according to country: rented accommodation was associated with higher burglary rates in the UK but lower rates in the Netherlands; household affluence was linked with higher rates of burglary in the UK and lower rates in the United States.

  • burglary victimization in england and wales the united states and the netherlands a cross national Comparative Test of routine activities and lifestyle theories
    British Journal of Criminology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Andromachi Tseloni, Karin Wittebrood, Graham Farrell, Ken Pease
    Abstract:

    This study examines factors relating to burglary incidence in England and Wales, the United States, and the Netherlands. Negative binomial regression models are developed based on routine activities theory. Data are drawn from national victimization surveys of about the same time: the 1994 British Crime Survey, the 1994 National Crime Victimisation Survey, and the 1993 Police Monitor, respectively. Relative to the two European countries, US households have more idiosyncratic patterns of burglary victimization. Despite differences across the three data sets, several similar effects emerge of variables tapping lifestyle characteristics on burglary victimization. Four variables had significant effects in the same direction in two or more countries where the third country showed a non-significant effect in the same direction. These were age, lone parent household status, urbanization, and the presence of security measures in the home. Some variables had significant effects in opposite directions according to country: rented accommodation was associated with higher burglary rates in the UK but lower rates in the Netherlands; household affluence was linked with higher rates of burglary in the UK and lower rates in the United States. The present study seeks to contribute to crime research in two main areas. The first contribution is to substantive knowledge about crime. The contribution derives from an examination of three main research questions: • Do indicators derived from routine activity and lifestyle theory affect household burglary incidence similarly across three countries? • If they do, which are the most consistent? • What are the potential implications of the findings? The second hoped-for contribution is to methodology, though this is necessarily also linked to the area of substantive knowledge. There are, to the writers’ knowledge, no previous cross-national studies which use Comparative negative binomial models to examine routine activity and lifestyle theories. The negative binomial model has two main advantages for present purposes. First, it accounts for the role of repeat victimization in the composition of crime. Second, it allows an examination of the extent of unexplained heterogeneity between households in different countries (this is explained more fully below). Further, instead of concentrating on relatively few variables as in some previous studies, all available indicators of routine activities and lifestyle are

Manuel Alaiz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • assessment of a modified and optimised method for determining chemical oxygen demand of solid substrates and solutions with high suspended solid content
    Talanta, 2008
    Co-Authors: F Raposo, M A De La Rubia, R Borja, Manuel Alaiz
    Abstract:

    Abstract A modified approach to determine the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of solid substrates based on the DIN 38414-S9 standard method is proposed. The adapted procedure is assessed and compared with standard methods widely used for water and wastewater such as the American Public Health Association–American Water Works Association–Water Pollution Control Federation (APHA–AWWA–WPCF) standard methods 5220 B-open reflux (SM-OR) and 5220 D-closed reflux colorimetric (SM-CR). Solutions with high suspended concentration of solids, as well as digestates from an anaerobic reactor, were used during the Comparative Test. For solid substrates, the COD recovery was about 100% when the proposed method was used. For solutions with solid content higher than 20 g TS L−1, the recovery was only completed when the proposed method was used, showing that the methods traditionally employed are not very appropriate for samples with the described characteristics. For instance, percentages of COD recovery in the ranges of 77.3–87.1% and 89.4–94.1% were achieved when the SM-OR and SM-CR methods were used, respectively.