The Experts below are selected from a list of 58584 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
U. Valentin Nägerl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spine neck plasticity regulates Compartmentalization of synapses
Nature Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Jan Tønnesen, Balazs Rozsa, Gergely Katona, U. Valentin NägerlAbstract:Using time-lapse super-resolution STED imaging of dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons in mouse, the authors show dynamic structural changes to the spine neck under conditions of synaptic plasticity. The study also shows that such morphological changes can differentially regulate biochemical and electrical Compartmentalization of spines and that previous characterizations of dendritic spine subtypes based on static ultrastructural morphologies may not reflect the diversity and plasticity seen in living neurons. Dendritic spines have been proposed to transform synaptic signals through chemical and electrical Compartmentalization. However, the quantitative contribution of spine morphology to synapse Compartmentalization and its dynamic regulation are still poorly understood. We used time-lapse super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging in combination with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements, two-photon glutamate uncaging, electrophysiology and simulations to investigate the dynamic link between nanoscale anatomy and Compartmentalization in live spines of CA1 neurons in mouse brain slices. We report a diversity of spine morphologies that argues against common categorization schemes and establish a close link between Compartmentalization and spine morphology, wherein spine neck width is the most critical morphological parameter. We demonstrate that spine necks are plastic structures that become wider and shorter after long-term potentiation. These morphological changes are predicted to lead to a substantial drop in spine head excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) while preserving overall biochemical Compartmentalization.
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Spine neck plasticity regulates Compartmentalization of synapses
Nature Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Jan Tønnesen, Balazs Rozsa, Gergely Katona, U. Valentin NägerlAbstract:Dendritic spines have been proposed to transform synaptic signals through chemical and electrical Compartmentalization. However, the quantitative contribution of spine morphology to synapse Compartmentalization and its dynamic regulation are still poorly understood. We used time-lapse super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging in combination with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements, two-photon glutamate uncaging, electrophysiology and simulations to investigate the dynamic link between nanoscale anatomy and Compartmentalization in live spines of CA1 neurons in mouse brain slices. We report a diversity of spine morphologies that argues against common categorization schemes and establish a close link between Compartmentalization and spine morphology, wherein spine neck width is the most critical morphological parameter. We demonstrate that spine necks are plastic structures that become wider and shorter after long-term potentiation. These morphological changes are predicted to lead to a substantial drop in spine head excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) while preserving overall biochemical Compartmentalization.
Jan Tønnesen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spine neck plasticity regulates Compartmentalization of synapses
Nature Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Jan Tønnesen, Balazs Rozsa, Gergely Katona, U. Valentin NägerlAbstract:Using time-lapse super-resolution STED imaging of dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons in mouse, the authors show dynamic structural changes to the spine neck under conditions of synaptic plasticity. The study also shows that such morphological changes can differentially regulate biochemical and electrical Compartmentalization of spines and that previous characterizations of dendritic spine subtypes based on static ultrastructural morphologies may not reflect the diversity and plasticity seen in living neurons. Dendritic spines have been proposed to transform synaptic signals through chemical and electrical Compartmentalization. However, the quantitative contribution of spine morphology to synapse Compartmentalization and its dynamic regulation are still poorly understood. We used time-lapse super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging in combination with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements, two-photon glutamate uncaging, electrophysiology and simulations to investigate the dynamic link between nanoscale anatomy and Compartmentalization in live spines of CA1 neurons in mouse brain slices. We report a diversity of spine morphologies that argues against common categorization schemes and establish a close link between Compartmentalization and spine morphology, wherein spine neck width is the most critical morphological parameter. We demonstrate that spine necks are plastic structures that become wider and shorter after long-term potentiation. These morphological changes are predicted to lead to a substantial drop in spine head excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) while preserving overall biochemical Compartmentalization.
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Spine neck plasticity regulates Compartmentalization of synapses
Nature Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Jan Tønnesen, Balazs Rozsa, Gergely Katona, U. Valentin NägerlAbstract:Dendritic spines have been proposed to transform synaptic signals through chemical and electrical Compartmentalization. However, the quantitative contribution of spine morphology to synapse Compartmentalization and its dynamic regulation are still poorly understood. We used time-lapse super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging in combination with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements, two-photon glutamate uncaging, electrophysiology and simulations to investigate the dynamic link between nanoscale anatomy and Compartmentalization in live spines of CA1 neurons in mouse brain slices. We report a diversity of spine morphologies that argues against common categorization schemes and establish a close link between Compartmentalization and spine morphology, wherein spine neck width is the most critical morphological parameter. We demonstrate that spine necks are plastic structures that become wider and shorter after long-term potentiation. These morphological changes are predicted to lead to a substantial drop in spine head excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) while preserving overall biochemical Compartmentalization.
Yu Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spin reveals genome wide landscape of nuclear Compartmentalization
Genome Biology, 2021Co-Authors: Yuchuan Wang, Yang Zhang, Ruochi Zhang, Tom Van Schaik, Liguo Zhang, Takayo Sasaki, Daniel Perichupkes, Yu ChenAbstract:We report SPIN, an integrative computational method to reveal genome-wide intranuclear chromosome positioning and nuclear Compartmentalization relative to multiple nuclear structures, which are pivotal for modulating genome function. As a proof-of-principle, we use SPIN to integrate nuclear compartment mapping (TSA-seq and DamID) and chromatin interaction data (Hi-C) from K562 cells to identify 10 spatial Compartmentalization states genome-wide relative to nuclear speckles, lamina, and putative associations with nucleoli. These SPIN states show novel patterns of genome spatial organization and their relation to other 3D genome features and genome function (transcription and replication timing). SPIN provides critical insights into nuclear spatial and functional Compartmentalization.
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spin reveals genome wide landscape of nuclear Compartmentalization
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Yuchuan Wang, Yang Zhang, Ruochi Zhang, Tom Van Schaik, Liguo Zhang, Takayo Sasaki, Daniel Perichupkes, Yu Chen, David M Gilbert, Bas Van SteenselAbstract:Chromosomes segregate differentially relative to distinct subnuclear structures, but this genome-wide Compartmentalization, pivotal for modulating genome function, remains poorly understood. New genomic mapping methods can reveal chromosome positioning relative to specific nuclear structures. However, computational methods that integrate their results to identify overall intranuclear chromosome positioning have not yet been developed. We report SPIN, a new method to identify genome-wide nuclear spatial localization patterns. As a proof-of-principle, we use SPIN to integrate nuclear compartment mapping (TSA-seq and DamID) and chromatin interaction data (Hi-C) from K562 cells to identify 10 spatial Compartmentalization states genome-wide relative to nuclear speckles, lamina, and nucleoli. These SPIN states show novel patterns of genome spatial organization and their relation to genome function (transcription and replication timing). Comparisons of SPIN states with Hi-C subcompartments and lamina-associated domains (LADs) from multiple cell types suggest constitutive Compartmentalization patterns. By integrating different readouts of higher-order genome organization, SPIN provides critical insights into nuclear spatial and functional Compartmentalization.
Dean P Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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redox Compartmentalization and cellular stress
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, 2010Co-Authors: Dean P JonesAbstract:Mammalian cells are highly organized to optimize function. For instance, oxidative energy-producing processes in mitochondria are sequestered away from plasma membrane redox signalling complexes and also from nuclear DNA, which is subject to oxidant-induced mutation. Proteins are unique among macromolecules in having reversible oxidizable elements, 'sulphur switches', which support dynamic regulation of structure and function. Accumulating evidence shows that redox signalling and control systems are maintained under kinetically limited steady states, which are highly displaced from redox equilibrium and distinct among organelles. Mitochondria are most reducing and susceptible to oxidation under stressed conditions, while nuclei are also reducing but relatively resistant to oxidation. Within compartments, the glutathione and thioredoxin systems serve parallel and non-redundant functions to maintain the dynamic redox balance of subsets of protein cysteines, which function in redox signalling and control. This organization allows cells to be poised to respond to cell stress but also creates sites of vulnerability. Importantly, disruption of redox organization is a common basis for disease. Research tools are becoming available to elucidate details of subcellular redox organization, and this development highlights an opportunity for a new generation of targeted antioxidants to enhance and restore redox signalling and control in disease prevention.
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redox Compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2008Co-Authors: Dean P JonesAbstract:Diverse functions of eukaryotic cells are optimized by organization of compatible chemistries into distinct compartments defined by the structures of lipid-containing membranes, multiprotein complexes and oligomeric structures of saccharides and nucleic acids. This structural and chemical organization is coordinated, in part, through cysteine residues of proteins which undergo reversible oxidation-reduction and serve as chemical/structural transducing elements. The central thiol/disulfide redox couples, thioredoxin-1, thioredoxin-2, GSH/GSSG and cysteine/cystine (Cys/CySS), are not in equilibrium with each other and are maintained at distinct, non-equilibrium potentials in mitochondria, nuclei, the secretory pathway and the extracellular space. Mitochondria contain the most reducing compartment, have the highest rates of electron transfer and are highly sensitive to oxidation. Nuclei also have more reduced redox potentials but are relatively resistant to oxidation. The secretory pathway contains oxidative systems which introduce disulfides into proteins for export. The cytoplasm contains few metabolic oxidases and this maintains an environment for redox signaling dependent upon NADPH oxidases and NO synthases. Extracellular compartments are maintained at stable oxidizing potentials. Controlled changes in cytoplasmic GSH/GSSG redox potential are associated with functional state, varying with proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Variation in extracellular Cys/CySS redox potential is also associated with proliferation, cell adhesion and apoptosis. Thus, cellular redox biology is inseparable from redox Compartmentalization. Further elucidation of the redox control networks within compartments will improve the mechanistic understanding of cell functions and their disruption in disease.
Gergely Katona - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spine neck plasticity regulates Compartmentalization of synapses
Nature Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Jan Tønnesen, Balazs Rozsa, Gergely Katona, U. Valentin NägerlAbstract:Using time-lapse super-resolution STED imaging of dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons in mouse, the authors show dynamic structural changes to the spine neck under conditions of synaptic plasticity. The study also shows that such morphological changes can differentially regulate biochemical and electrical Compartmentalization of spines and that previous characterizations of dendritic spine subtypes based on static ultrastructural morphologies may not reflect the diversity and plasticity seen in living neurons. Dendritic spines have been proposed to transform synaptic signals through chemical and electrical Compartmentalization. However, the quantitative contribution of spine morphology to synapse Compartmentalization and its dynamic regulation are still poorly understood. We used time-lapse super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging in combination with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements, two-photon glutamate uncaging, electrophysiology and simulations to investigate the dynamic link between nanoscale anatomy and Compartmentalization in live spines of CA1 neurons in mouse brain slices. We report a diversity of spine morphologies that argues against common categorization schemes and establish a close link between Compartmentalization and spine morphology, wherein spine neck width is the most critical morphological parameter. We demonstrate that spine necks are plastic structures that become wider and shorter after long-term potentiation. These morphological changes are predicted to lead to a substantial drop in spine head excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) while preserving overall biochemical Compartmentalization.
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Spine neck plasticity regulates Compartmentalization of synapses
Nature Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Jan Tønnesen, Balazs Rozsa, Gergely Katona, U. Valentin NägerlAbstract:Dendritic spines have been proposed to transform synaptic signals through chemical and electrical Compartmentalization. However, the quantitative contribution of spine morphology to synapse Compartmentalization and its dynamic regulation are still poorly understood. We used time-lapse super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging in combination with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements, two-photon glutamate uncaging, electrophysiology and simulations to investigate the dynamic link between nanoscale anatomy and Compartmentalization in live spines of CA1 neurons in mouse brain slices. We report a diversity of spine morphologies that argues against common categorization schemes and establish a close link between Compartmentalization and spine morphology, wherein spine neck width is the most critical morphological parameter. We demonstrate that spine necks are plastic structures that become wider and shorter after long-term potentiation. These morphological changes are predicted to lead to a substantial drop in spine head excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) while preserving overall biochemical Compartmentalization.