The Experts below are selected from a list of 303 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robby Stoks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Compensatory Growth and oxidative stress in a damselfly
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Marjan De Block, Robby StoksAbstract:Physiological costs of Compensatory Growth are poorly understood, yet may be the key components in explaining why Growth rates are typically submaximal. Here we tested the hypothesized direct costs of Compensatory Growth in terms of oxidative stress. We assessed oxidative stress in a study where we generated Compensatory Growth in body mass by exposing larvae of the damselfly Lestes viridis to a transient starvation period followed by ad libitum food. Compensatory Growth in the larval stage was associated with higher oxidative stress (as measured by induction of superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the adult stage. Our results challenge two traditional views of life-history theory. First, they indicate that age and mass at metamorphosis not necessarily completely translate larval stress into adult fitness and that the observed physiological cost may explain hidden carry-over effects. Second, they support the notion that costs of Compensatory Growth may be associated with free-radical-mediated trade-offs and not necessarily with resource-mediated trade-offs.
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Stronger Compensatory Growth in a permanent-pond Lestes damselfly relative to temporary-pond Lestes
Oikos, 2007Co-Authors: Marjan De Block, Mark A. Mcpeek, Robby StoksAbstract:Compensatory Growth where animals compensate for time stress or transient nutritional or thermal stress by accelerating their Growth rate is widespread. We know, however, relatively little about the evolution and ecological correlates of Compensatory Growth. For this we need studies on congeneric species with known phylogenetic relationships that also focus on the associated largely understudied costs. Here we tested for Compensatory Growth and associated costs in response to time stress (manipulated by photoperiod) and a transient period of starvation or cooling in larvae of the permanent-pond damselfly Lestes eurinus, and compare the results with former studies on temporary-pond Lestes. Larvae showed full compensation in body mass at emergence for all combinations of time stress and starvation or cooling. Unexpectedly, Compensatory Growth to starvation or cooling was not stronger under time stress. Instead, males under time stress delayed emergence after these transient stressors. In line with a stronger Compensatory Growth response to time stress than to the other stressors, physiological costs in terms of a reduced investment in immune response (measured as phenoloxidase activity) and energy storage (measured as fat content) were detected only under time stress. Compared to temporary-pond Lestes, L. eurinus showed stronger Compensatory Growth to time stress. We hypothesize that the stronger Compensatory (Growth) response in permanent-pond Lestes co-evolved with their derived slower lifestyle when they invaded permanent ponds.
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physiological costs of Compensatory Growth in a damselfly
Ecology, 2006Co-Authors: Robby Stoks, Marjan De Block, Mark A. McpeekAbstract:Little is known about physiological costs of rapid Growth. We successfully generated Compensatory Growth to time stress and transient food stress in the damselfly Lestes viridis and studied the physiological correlates of the resulting reduced ability to cope with starvation. We found evidence for both mechanisms proposed to underlie the physiological trade-off: Compensatory Growth was associated with (1) a higher metabolic rate, as indicated by a higher oxygen consumption and a faster depletion of energy storage molecules (glycogen and triglycerides), and (2) a smaller investment in energy storage. The former may also explain why storage molecules after emergence were negatively affected by time stress and food stress, despite the successful compensation before emergence. These deferred physiological costs of rapid Growth have the potential to couple larval stresses to adult fitness irrespective of age and size at emergence, and they may partly explain why many animals do not show their maximum achievable Growth rate.
Eva Palmqvist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Plant Compensatory Growth: a conquering strategy in plant–herbivore interactions?
Evolutionary Ecology, 2001Co-Authors: Johannes Järemo, Eva PalmqvistAbstract:We present a theoretical analysis that considers the phenotypic trait of Compensatory Growth ability in a context of population dynamics. Our model depicts a system of three interactors: herbivores and two different plant types referred to as ordinary and compensating. The compensating plant type has the ability to increase its intrinsic rate of biomass increase as a response to damage. This Compensatory Growth ability is maintained at the expense of a reduced Growth rate in the absence of damage, where the ordinary plant type has the higher Growth rate. Analysis of this system suggests that, even though a Compensatory capacity of this kind will not imply an increase in equilibrium plant density, it will give a competitive advantage in relation to other plants, in the presence of a sufficiently efficient herbivore. Invasion of compensating plants into a population of non-compensating plants is facilitated by a high Compensatory Growth ability and a high intrinsic rate of plant biomass increase. Conversely, an ordinary plant can invade and outcompete a compensating plant when the herbivore is characterised by a relatively low attack rate, and/or when plant intrinsic Growth rate is decreased.
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Plant Compensatory Growth: a conquering strategy in plant-herbivore interactions ?
Evolutionary Ecology, 2001Co-Authors: Johannes Järemo, Eva PalmqvistAbstract:We present a theoretical analysis that considers the phenotypic trait of Compensatory Growth ability in a context of population dynamics. Our model depicts a system of three interactors: herbivores and two different plant types referred to as ordinary and compensating. The compensating plant type has the ability to increase its intrinsic rate of biomass increase as a response to damage. This Compensatory Growth ability is maintained at the expense of a reduced Growth rate in the absence of damage, where the ordinary plant type has the higher Growth rate. Analysis of this system suggests that, even though a Compensatory capacity of this kind will not imply an increase in equilibrium plant density, it will give a competitive advantage in relation to other plants, in the presence of a sufficiently efficient herbivore. Invasion of compensating plants into a population of non-compensating plants is facilitated by a high Compensatory Growth ability and a high intrinsic rate of plant biomass increase. Conversely, an ordinary plant can invade and outcompete a compensating plant when the herbivore is characterised by a relatively low attack rate, and/or when plant intrinsic Growth rate is decreased
Marjan De Block - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Compensatory Growth and oxidative stress in a damselfly
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Marjan De Block, Robby StoksAbstract:Physiological costs of Compensatory Growth are poorly understood, yet may be the key components in explaining why Growth rates are typically submaximal. Here we tested the hypothesized direct costs of Compensatory Growth in terms of oxidative stress. We assessed oxidative stress in a study where we generated Compensatory Growth in body mass by exposing larvae of the damselfly Lestes viridis to a transient starvation period followed by ad libitum food. Compensatory Growth in the larval stage was associated with higher oxidative stress (as measured by induction of superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the adult stage. Our results challenge two traditional views of life-history theory. First, they indicate that age and mass at metamorphosis not necessarily completely translate larval stress into adult fitness and that the observed physiological cost may explain hidden carry-over effects. Second, they support the notion that costs of Compensatory Growth may be associated with free-radical-mediated trade-offs and not necessarily with resource-mediated trade-offs.
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Stronger Compensatory Growth in a permanent-pond Lestes damselfly relative to temporary-pond Lestes
Oikos, 2007Co-Authors: Marjan De Block, Mark A. Mcpeek, Robby StoksAbstract:Compensatory Growth where animals compensate for time stress or transient nutritional or thermal stress by accelerating their Growth rate is widespread. We know, however, relatively little about the evolution and ecological correlates of Compensatory Growth. For this we need studies on congeneric species with known phylogenetic relationships that also focus on the associated largely understudied costs. Here we tested for Compensatory Growth and associated costs in response to time stress (manipulated by photoperiod) and a transient period of starvation or cooling in larvae of the permanent-pond damselfly Lestes eurinus, and compare the results with former studies on temporary-pond Lestes. Larvae showed full compensation in body mass at emergence for all combinations of time stress and starvation or cooling. Unexpectedly, Compensatory Growth to starvation or cooling was not stronger under time stress. Instead, males under time stress delayed emergence after these transient stressors. In line with a stronger Compensatory Growth response to time stress than to the other stressors, physiological costs in terms of a reduced investment in immune response (measured as phenoloxidase activity) and energy storage (measured as fat content) were detected only under time stress. Compared to temporary-pond Lestes, L. eurinus showed stronger Compensatory Growth to time stress. We hypothesize that the stronger Compensatory (Growth) response in permanent-pond Lestes co-evolved with their derived slower lifestyle when they invaded permanent ponds.
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physiological costs of Compensatory Growth in a damselfly
Ecology, 2006Co-Authors: Robby Stoks, Marjan De Block, Mark A. McpeekAbstract:Little is known about physiological costs of rapid Growth. We successfully generated Compensatory Growth to time stress and transient food stress in the damselfly Lestes viridis and studied the physiological correlates of the resulting reduced ability to cope with starvation. We found evidence for both mechanisms proposed to underlie the physiological trade-off: Compensatory Growth was associated with (1) a higher metabolic rate, as indicated by a higher oxygen consumption and a faster depletion of energy storage molecules (glycogen and triglycerides), and (2) a smaller investment in energy storage. The former may also explain why storage molecules after emergence were negatively affected by time stress and food stress, despite the successful compensation before emergence. These deferred physiological costs of rapid Growth have the potential to couple larval stresses to adult fitness irrespective of age and size at emergence, and they may partly explain why many animals do not show their maximum achievable Growth rate.
Jörgen I. Johnsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Density-dependent Compensatory Growth in brown trout (Salmo trutta) in nature.
PloS one, 2013Co-Authors: L. Fredrik Sundström, Rasmus Kaspersson, Joacim Näslund, Jörgen I. JohnssonAbstract:Density-dependence is a major ecological mechanism that is known to limit individual Growth. To examine if Compensatory Growth (unusually rapid Growth following a period of imposed slow Growth) in nature is density-dependent, one-year-old brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) were first starved in the laboratory, and then released back into their natural stream, either at natural or at experimentally increased population density. The experimental trout were captured three times over a one-year period. We found no differences in Growth, within the first month after release (May-June), between the starved fish and the control group (i.e. no evidence of compensation). During the summer however (July-September), the starved fish grew more than the control group (i.e. compensation), and the starved fish released into the stream at a higher density, grew less than those released at a natural density, both in terms of weight and length (i.e. density-dependent compensation). Over the winter (October-April), there were no effects of either starvation or density on weight and length Growth. After the winter, starved fish released at either density had caught up with control fish in body size, but recapture rates (proxy for survival) did not indicate any costs of compensation. Our results suggest that Compensatory Growth in nature can be density-dependent. Thus, this is the first study to demonstrate the presence of ecological restrictions on the Compensatory Growth response in free-ranging animals.
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Compensatory Growth for free? A field experiment on brown trout, Salmo trutta
Oikos, 2005Co-Authors: Jörgen I. Johnsson, Torgny BohlinAbstract:38.Laboratory studies suggest that animals may be capable of Compensatory Growth afterperiods of food shortage. There is, however, a lack of field experiments investigating theincidence and consequences of Compensatory Growth in the wild, and the relevance ofCompensatory responses in natural populations has recently been questioned. Herewe addressed the hypotheses that (1) food restriction during critical Growth periodscan induce Compensatory Growth, and (2) that Compensatory Growth is associatedwith delayed costs in natural populations. These hypotheses were addressed by(1) manipulating the food intake of brown trout in spring, (2) measuring Growth rateresponses over the first month following release, and (3) measuring Growth andmortality (i.e. recapture rate) over the subsequent fall and winter. We found that browntrout restored lost body weight and condition within a month, providing the firstexperimental demonstration of Compensatory Growth in the wild. However, no delayedcosts of the Compensatory response could be detected within the timespan of theexperiment. We suggest that wild brown trout have an adapted ‘‘buffer capacity’’ towithstand fluctuations in food supply, allowing restoration of lost lipid reserves whenfeeding conditions improve. However, when prolonged food deprivation affectstructural components, compensation may not be possible without compromisinglong-term performance.J. I. Johnsson and T. Bohlin, Dept of Zoology, Animal Ecology, Go¨teborg Univ., Box 463,SE-405-30 Go¨teborg, Sweden (jorgen.johnsson@zool.gu.se).
Johannes Järemo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Plant Compensatory Growth: a conquering strategy in plant–herbivore interactions?
Evolutionary Ecology, 2001Co-Authors: Johannes Järemo, Eva PalmqvistAbstract:We present a theoretical analysis that considers the phenotypic trait of Compensatory Growth ability in a context of population dynamics. Our model depicts a system of three interactors: herbivores and two different plant types referred to as ordinary and compensating. The compensating plant type has the ability to increase its intrinsic rate of biomass increase as a response to damage. This Compensatory Growth ability is maintained at the expense of a reduced Growth rate in the absence of damage, where the ordinary plant type has the higher Growth rate. Analysis of this system suggests that, even though a Compensatory capacity of this kind will not imply an increase in equilibrium plant density, it will give a competitive advantage in relation to other plants, in the presence of a sufficiently efficient herbivore. Invasion of compensating plants into a population of non-compensating plants is facilitated by a high Compensatory Growth ability and a high intrinsic rate of plant biomass increase. Conversely, an ordinary plant can invade and outcompete a compensating plant when the herbivore is characterised by a relatively low attack rate, and/or when plant intrinsic Growth rate is decreased.
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Plant Compensatory Growth: a conquering strategy in plant-herbivore interactions ?
Evolutionary Ecology, 2001Co-Authors: Johannes Järemo, Eva PalmqvistAbstract:We present a theoretical analysis that considers the phenotypic trait of Compensatory Growth ability in a context of population dynamics. Our model depicts a system of three interactors: herbivores and two different plant types referred to as ordinary and compensating. The compensating plant type has the ability to increase its intrinsic rate of biomass increase as a response to damage. This Compensatory Growth ability is maintained at the expense of a reduced Growth rate in the absence of damage, where the ordinary plant type has the higher Growth rate. Analysis of this system suggests that, even though a Compensatory capacity of this kind will not imply an increase in equilibrium plant density, it will give a competitive advantage in relation to other plants, in the presence of a sufficiently efficient herbivore. Invasion of compensating plants into a population of non-compensating plants is facilitated by a high Compensatory Growth ability and a high intrinsic rate of plant biomass increase. Conversely, an ordinary plant can invade and outcompete a compensating plant when the herbivore is characterised by a relatively low attack rate, and/or when plant intrinsic Growth rate is decreased