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Jacek Dach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of maize straw content with sewage sludge on Composting Process
    Journal of Water and Land Development, 2016
    Co-Authors: Wojciech Czekała, Jacek Dach, Damian Janczak, Anna Smurzyńska, Agnieszka Kwiatkowska, Kamil Kozłowski
    Abstract:

    Abstract After entrance to EU in 2004, the management of sewage sludge has become more and more important problem for the new members. In Poland, one of the most promising technologies is Composting Process of sewage sludge with carbonaceous materials. However, the high price of typically used cereal straw forces the specialists to look for new and cheap materials used as donor of carbon and substrates creating good, porous structure of composted heap. This work presents the results of sewage sludge Composting mixed with sawdust and maize straw used to create structure favorable for air exchange. The results show dynamic thermophilic phase of Composting Process in all cases where maize straw was used.

  • The Control of Air Humidity and Temperature in Relationship with a Biowaste Composting Process
    Advanced Materials Research, 2014
    Co-Authors: Andrzej Lewicki, Jacek Dach, Piotr Boniecki, Wojciech Czekała, Kamil Witaszek
    Abstract:

    Biowaste Composting is one of the main technologies of waste management in Poland. Composting Process run is influenced by many parameters which can accelerate or slow down the phenomena. However, there is no information about the influence of humidity of the air pumped to composted mass on Process run. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of air humidity on parameters of Composting Process. The results have showed that there is no significant influence of the air humidity on a dynamics of Composting Process. Even in case when the difference in air humidity exceeded 60%, the temperature remained similar. The research proved utility of new kind of temperature sensors. Temperature analysis in the whole volume of Composting chamber allows to control Composting Process in much more effective way.

  • Neural prediction of heat loss in the pig manure Composting Process
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013
    Co-Authors: Piotr Boniecki, Jacek Dach, Wojciech Mueller, Krzysztof Koszela, Jacek Przybył, Krzysztof Pilarski, Tomasz Olszewski
    Abstract:

    Abstract Composting can be defined as an exothermic Process involving the microbiological decomposition of organic substances taking place in aerobic conditions with the active participation of thermophilic microorganisms and mould. The Process generates a lot of heat, which is dissipated into the environment. If it were possible to acquire the lost heat energy, it could be then used for various utility purposes. An important problem is estimating the heat loss emitted as a result of the exothermic transformations during the Composting Process. The purpose of this paper was neural modelling of the Composting Process of solid natural fertilisers with special attention paid to heat analysis. The paper highlights the problem of neural prediction of heat Processes accompanying the Composting of selected natural fertilisers. It focuses on the estimation of lost heat generated (which roughly corresponds to the thermal energy generated) as part of the exothermic reactions taking place during the Process. The obtained results show that neural modelling can be effectively used in the Process of estimating heat energy emitted and lost in the Composting Process. The model's analysis of sensitivity to input variables showed that the 6 most important parameters in the Process of neural estimation of heat lost are (in the following order): T (temperature inside the bioreactor), SM (mineral substance mass), O 2 (% content of oxygen), V (stream volume), CO 2 (% content of carbon dioxide), and TIME (Process duration).

Qi Jun Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Heavy metal speciation in the Composting Process
    Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM, 2002
    Co-Authors: Gillian M. Greenway, Qi Jun Song
    Abstract:

    Composting is one of the more efficient and environment friendly methods of solid waste disposal and has many advantages when compared with landfill disposal on which the UK and Ireland are currently heavily dependent. Composting is a very complicated Process involving intensive microbial activity and the detailed mechanisms of the Process have yet to be fully understood. Metal speciation information can provide an insight into the metal-microbial interaction and would help in the evaluation of the quality of compost. This would facilitate the exploitation of composts in remediation of heavy metal contaminated land. In this work a systematic approach to metal speciation in compost has been taken by applying the three-step method for operationally defined metal speciation of soils and sediments, developed by the European Commission's Standards, Measurement and Testing Programme to monitor the change in metal speciation with time (up to 106 days) for four different waste Composting Processes. The results have shown that in general metals become less available for the first extraction step as the Composting Process proceeds. This implies that Composting tends to redistribute the metals from more labile forms to more fixed forms which may explain why the application of composts could be useful for with heavy metal contaminated land. There are exceptions to this trend and in some cases, certain metals appear to behave differently depending on the source of the compost.

Kung-yuh Chiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • enhancement of heavy metal stabilization by different amendments during sewage sludge Composting Process
    2007
    Co-Authors: Kung-yuh Chiang, Huangjiuun Huang, Chinnun Chang
    Abstract:

    This study investigated the effect of different amendments on the potential for inhibition of heavy metal mobility during the sewage sludge Composting Process. These amendments, including lime, coal fly ash, and natural zeolite, were selected on the basis of their reutilization, potential efficiency and market-price. Experimental results indicated that the physicochemical characteristics of the matured co-compost with different amendments, including temperature, moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, and C/N ratio, were similar to those without any amendment (control test). That is, in this study, the tested amendments addition had no inhibitory effect on the microbial activity during the co-Composting Process and the matured co-compost quality complies with criteria for agricultural application. Regarding the characterization of the heavy metals in the compost, the changes in total metal concentration in co-Composting showed no increasing or decreasing trend over the experimental period. It seems to be insignificant effect on the metal mobility inhibition by different amendments. This is due to organic matter could decompose rapidly and heavy metals were not destroyed during the sewage sludge Composting Process. The heavy metals contents would be concentrated and persisted in matured compost products. To further discuss the heavy metal mobility, the tested metals mobility in matured compost was extracted by diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) solution. Accordingly, the amount of DTPA-metals in matured compost showed that the addition of coal fly ash may enhance the stabilization for Pb, and the DTPA-Pb contents decreased from 40 to 21% with increased coal fly ash addition from 0 to 20%. Therefore, coal fly ash has higher alkalinity and pozzolanic material for inhibiting the Pb mobility during the sewage sludge Composting Process. However, the amounts of tested DTPA-Cu, Zn, and Ni decreased insignificantly using coal fly ash. In the case of zeolite and lime addition, because of the higher ion exchange capacity or alkalinity, the amount of DTPA-extractable Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni significantly decreased in the matured compost. Especially for the Zn mobility in the matured compost, the zeolite and lime were shown to decrease significantly from 65% to nearly 3% with increased zeolite or lime addition.

  • Stabilization of heavy metals in sewage sludge Composting Process.
    Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2001
    Co-Authors: Kung-yuh Chiang, S.-d. Yoi, H.n. Lin, K. S. Wang
    Abstract:

    This study investigated the stabilization of heavy metals in a sewage sludge Composting Process using kaoline addition. The results indicate that the temperature increased rapidly to the thermophilic phase (>55°C) at day 1. The additives enhanced the rate of biodegradation and microbial activity during the co-Composting Process. The changes in pH (ranging from 8 to 8.5) and electrical conductivity (EC) (≤3 mS/cm) were in compliance with the best conditions during the co-Composting Process. The C/N ratio was determined in each co-compost sample as an indicator of the co-compost maturity. From the end product of the co-compost experiment, changes in the ratios indicate that the additives promote the co-compost maturation rate. Based on the physicochemical characteristics of the co-compost, the potential use for sewage sludge resource recovery as manure is suggested. The total concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn in the co-compost product were far below the limit values for agricultural use. The leachability of Pb, Cu, and Cr decreased with increasing co-Composting time. That is, the kaoline additive has an inhibitory capacity for leaching heavy metals. The Cd concentrations in the sludge compost were below the detection limits. Because the total concentration of Zn was high in the sludge compost and most soluble Zn was leachable, the leachability of Zn ranged from 25% to 29%. As a result of the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal stabilization, the selected additive was shown to improve the sewage sludge compost quality and provide information for agricultural applications.

Paolo Sequi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Thermal Methods of Organic Matter Maturation Monitoring During a Composting Process
    Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2000
    Co-Authors: Maria Teresa Dell'abate, Anna Benedetti, Paolo Sequi
    Abstract:

    The possibility to use thermal analysis for a quick characterisation of chemical changes in the organic matter of composted materials was tested. Nine samples were taken at progressive stages of maturation from the same trench of a fully automated Composting plant. DSC and TG were simultaneously performed in static air conditions on whole ground composts. Progressive stages in the Composting Process yielded samples whose DSC traces revealed appreciable modifications in thermal patterns that agreed well with quantitative data obtained from TG measurements. The ratio between the mass losses associated with the two main exothermic reactions (R1) showed a good sensitivity in detecting the changes in the level of stabilisation during the Composting Process. Thermal methods seem to be a valid comparative method in evaluating the level of bio-transformation of materials during a Composting Process.

Shams Ali Baig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • composition variability of spent mushroom substrates during continuous cultivation Composting Process and their effects on mineral nitrogen transformation in soil
    Geoderma, 2017
    Co-Authors: Zimo Lou, Yue Sun, Xiaoxin Zhou, Shams Ali Baig
    Abstract:

    Spent mushroom substrates (SMSs) are a typical by-product of mushroom production, which is rich in nutrient like nitrogen. The reuse of SMSs as soil amendments has become the focus of attention. Due to its nutrient content, SMSs could contribute to reduce the use of non-renewable resources, such as peat. Recently, a SMSs recycling strategy was adopted in an edible mushroom industry Ltd., China. The waste materials experienced a continuous cultivation, Composting Process which sequentially includes the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii, the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, the Composting Process, and were finally used as soil amendments. The main objective of this study was to investigate the composition variability of SMSs during continuous cultivation, Composting Process and their effects on mineral nitrogen transformation in amended soil. The components analysis suggested the relative moisture and polysaccharide content of SMSs decreased by 33.6% and 17.1%, respectively, during the continuous cultivation, while protein increased by 29.5%. Moreover, relative humic acid content of SMSs increased by 18.6% during Composting Process while biodegradable matter (BDM), polysaccharide and protein decreased by 38.6%, 79.4% and 50.0%, respectively. The results of a 42-day incubation experiment suggested that addition of spent mushroom composts (SMCs) can significantly enhance the mineral nitrogen contained in soil. With the amendment of SMCs, 39.4% of input nitrogen was converted into mineral nitrogen within day 42. Combined application of SMCs/urea was considered to be a better strategy, since it provided soil with more mineral nitrogen than SMCs alone throughout the whole incubation.