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Vinod Kumar Garg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spectroscopic thermogravimetric and structural characterization analyses for comparing municipal solid waste Composts and vermiComposts stability and maturity
Bioresource Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Nuhaa Soobhany, Sanjana Gunasee, Yogeshwari Pooja Rago, Hashita Joyram, Pravesh Raghoo, Romeela Mohee, Vinod Kumar GargAbstract:Abstract This is the first-ever study of its kind for an extensive assessment and comparison of maturity indexes between compost and vermicompost that have been derived from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and structural characterization (scanning electron microscope: SEM) were recorded. FT-IR spectra showed an increase in conversion of polysaccharides species and aliphatic methylene groups in vermicompost compared to compost as depicted from the variation of the intensity of the peaks. TG curves of final vermicompost showed a much lower mass loss when compared to compost, indicating higher stability in feedstock. SEM micrographs of the vermicompost reflected strong fragmentation of material than Composts which revealed the extent of intra-structural degradation of MSW. These findings elucidate on a clear comparison between Composts and vermiComposts in terms of maturity indexes for soil enhancement and in agriculture as organic fertilizer.
Sanjana Gunasee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spectroscopic thermogravimetric and structural characterization analyses for comparing municipal solid waste Composts and vermiComposts stability and maturity
Bioresource Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Nuhaa Soobhany, Sanjana Gunasee, Yogeshwari Pooja Rago, Hashita Joyram, Pravesh Raghoo, Romeela Mohee, Vinod Kumar GargAbstract:Abstract This is the first-ever study of its kind for an extensive assessment and comparison of maturity indexes between compost and vermicompost that have been derived from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and structural characterization (scanning electron microscope: SEM) were recorded. FT-IR spectra showed an increase in conversion of polysaccharides species and aliphatic methylene groups in vermicompost compared to compost as depicted from the variation of the intensity of the peaks. TG curves of final vermicompost showed a much lower mass loss when compared to compost, indicating higher stability in feedstock. SEM micrographs of the vermicompost reflected strong fragmentation of material than Composts which revealed the extent of intra-structural degradation of MSW. These findings elucidate on a clear comparison between Composts and vermiComposts in terms of maturity indexes for soil enhancement and in agriculture as organic fertilizer.
Xiuping Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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survival of escherichia coli o157 h7 in soil and on carrots and onions grown in fields treated with contaminated manure Composts or irrigation water
Food Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Mahbub Islam, Michael P Doyle, Sharad C Phatak, Patricia D Millner, Xiuping JiangAbstract:Many foodborne outbreaks of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection have been associated with the consumption of contaminated vegetables. On-farm contaminations through contaminated manure or irrigation water application were considered likely sources of the pathogen for several outbreaks. Field studies were done to determine the survival of E. coli O157:H7 on two subterranean crops (carrots and onions), and in soil fertilized with contaminated manure compost or irrigated with contaminated water. Three different types of Composts, PM-5 (poultry manure compost), 338 (dairy manure compost) and NVIRO-4 (alkaline stabilized dairy manure compost), and irrigation water were inoculated with an avirulent strain of E. coli O157:H7 at 107 cfu g−1 and 105 cfu ml−1, respectively. A split-plot block design plan was used for each crop, with five treatments (one without compost, three with each of the three Composts, and one without compost but with contaminated irrigation water applied) and five replicates for a total of 25 plots, each measuring 1.8×4.6 m2, for each crop. Composts were applied to soil as a strip at a rate of 4.5 metric tons ha−1 before carrots and onions were sown. Contaminated irrigation water was sprayed once on the vegetables at the rate of 2 l per plot for this treatment 3 weeks after carrots and onions were sown. E. coli O157:H7 survived in soil samples for 154–196 days, and was detected for 74 and 168 days on onions and carrots, respectively. E. coli O157:H7 survival was greatest in soil amended with poultry compost and least in soil containing alkaline-stabilized dairy manure compost. Survival profiles of E. coli O157:H7 on vegetables and soil samples, contaminated either by application of contaminated compost or irrigation water, were similar. Hence, preharvest contamination of carrots and onions with E. coli O157:H7 for several months can occur through both contaminated manure compost and irrigation water.
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persistence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium on lettuce and parsley and in soils on which they were grown in fields treated with contaminated manure Composts or irrigation water
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2004Co-Authors: Mahbub Islam, Michael P Doyle, Sharad C Phatak, Patricia D Millner, Jennie Morgan, Xiuping JiangAbstract:There are many sources of pathogen contamination of vegetable crops in the field that include manure used as fertilizer and irrigation water. An avirulent strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was added to three different types of Composts—PM-5 (poultry manure compost), 338 (dairy manure compost), and NVIRO-4 (alkaline stabilized dairy manure compost)—and irrigation water at 107 colony forming units (cfu)/g and 105 cfu/mL, respectively, to determine under field conditions the persistence of salmonellae in soils treated with these Composts or irrigation water, and also on leaf lettuce and parsley grown on such treated soil. Contaminated compost was applied to soil in the field as a strip at a rate of 4.5 metric tons/hectare on the day before lettuce and parsley seedlings were transplanted. Contaminated irrigation water was applied only once on the plants at the rate of 2 liters per plot on the same day after the seedlings were transplanted. Twenty-five plots, each measuring 1.8 × 4.6 meters, we...
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persistence of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157 h7 in soil and on leaf lettuce and parsley grown in fields treated with contaminated manure Composts or irrigation water
Journal of Food Protection, 2004Co-Authors: Mahbub Islam, Michael P Doyle, Sharad C Phatak, Patricia D Millner, Xiuping JiangAbstract:Outbreaks of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with lettuce and other leaf crops have occurred with increasing frequency in recent years. Contaminated manure and polluted irrigation water are probable vehicles for the pathogen in many outbreaks. In this study, the occurrence and persistence of E. coli O157:H7 in soil fertilized with contaminated poultry or bovine manure Composts or treated with contaminated irrigation water and on lettuce and parsley grown on these soils under natural environmental conditions was determined. Twenty-five plots, each 1.8 by 4.6 m, were used for each crop, with five treatments (one without compost, three with each of the three Composts, and one without compost but treated with contaminated water) and five replication plots for each treatment. Three different types of compost, PM-5 (poultry manure compost), 338 (dairy manure compost), and NVIRO-4 (alkaline-stabilized dairy manure compost), and irrigation water were inoculated with an avirulent s...
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fate of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium on carrots and radishes grown in fields treated with contaminated manure Composts or irrigation water
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: Mahbub Islam, Michael P Doyle, Sharad C Phatak, Patricia D Millner, Jennie Morgan, Xiuping JiangAbstract:Three different types of compost, PM-5 (poultry manure compost), 338 (dairy cattle manure compost), and NVIRO-4 (alkaline-pH-stabilized dairy cattle manure compost), and irrigation water were inoculated with an avirulent strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium at 107 CFU g−1 and 105 CFU ml−1, respectively, to determine the persistence of salmonellae in soils containing these Composts, in irrigation water, and also on carrots and radishes grown in these contaminated soils. A split-plot block design plan was used for each crop, with five treatments (one without compost, three with each of the three Composts, and one without compost but with contaminated water applied) and five replicates for a total of 25 plots for each crop, with each plot measuring 1.8 × 4.6 m. Salmonellae persisted for an extended period of time, with the bacteria surviving in soil samples for 203 to 231 days, and were detected after seeds were sown for 84 and 203 days on radishes and carrots, respectively. Salmonella survival was greatest in soil amended with poultry compost and least in soil containing alkaline-pH-stabilized dairy cattle manure compost. Survival profiles of Salmonella on vegetables and soil samples contaminated by irrigation water were similar to those observed when contamination occurred through compost. Hence, both contaminated manure compost and irrigation water can play an important role in contaminating soil and root vegetables with salmonellae for several months.
Massimo Zaccardelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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agricultural waste based Composts exhibiting suppressivity to diseases caused by the phytopathogenic soil borne fungi rhizoctonia solani and sclerotinia minor
Applied Soil Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Catello Pane, Alessandro Piccolo, Riccardo Spaccini, Giuseppe Celano, D Villecco, Massimo ZaccardelliAbstract:a b s t r a c t On-farm composting is an efficient, environmentally safe and cost-effective process for recycle veg- etable residues into productive cycles. Benefits of these Composts could include their ability to mediate soil-borne plant pathogen suppression with a significant impact on eco-friendly crop management. In this work, on-farm Composts were assayed for ability to control, both in vitro and in vivo, damping-off causing pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia minor. Tomato and escarole-derived compost was the most suppressive and, furthermore, together with that derived from artichoke wastes, exhibited multi-suppressive activity. Compost communities, characterized at metabolic and global levels by Biolog system, microbial counting, CO2-release and FDA hydrolysis rate, play a major role in compost-based biological control. The complete biotic inactivation by autoclaving Composts, has, in fact, reduced or eliminated their ability in pathogen suppression. Solid state 13C CPMAS-NMR spectroscopy revealed that spectral areas typical for phenolic C, as well as methoxyl C, may be associated to suppressivity mecha- nism(s). These evidences suggested that the ecological relationships between organic carbon molecular distribution and microbial structure may contribute to discriminate suppressive Composts from null and conducive ones. Nutritional microniches in compost may then have profound effects on the community functions, including those linked to the suppressiveness.
Nuhaa Soobhany - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spectroscopic thermogravimetric and structural characterization analyses for comparing municipal solid waste Composts and vermiComposts stability and maturity
Bioresource Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Nuhaa Soobhany, Sanjana Gunasee, Yogeshwari Pooja Rago, Hashita Joyram, Pravesh Raghoo, Romeela Mohee, Vinod Kumar GargAbstract:Abstract This is the first-ever study of its kind for an extensive assessment and comparison of maturity indexes between compost and vermicompost that have been derived from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and structural characterization (scanning electron microscope: SEM) were recorded. FT-IR spectra showed an increase in conversion of polysaccharides species and aliphatic methylene groups in vermicompost compared to compost as depicted from the variation of the intensity of the peaks. TG curves of final vermicompost showed a much lower mass loss when compared to compost, indicating higher stability in feedstock. SEM micrographs of the vermicompost reflected strong fragmentation of material than Composts which revealed the extent of intra-structural degradation of MSW. These findings elucidate on a clear comparison between Composts and vermiComposts in terms of maturity indexes for soil enhancement and in agriculture as organic fertilizer.