The Experts below are selected from a list of 410787 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Shu Yeh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the valuation implications of employee stock option accounting for profitable Computer Software firms
Social Science Research Network, 2002Co-Authors: Timothy B Bell, Wayne R Landsman, Bruce L Miller, Shu YehAbstract:We use the Ohlson (1995, 1999) and Feltham-Ohlson (1999) valuation models to compare the extent to which Accounting Principles Board Opinion 25: Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25), Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123: Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123), and the Exposure Draft: Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation reflect the market's assessment of the effects of employee stock options on firm value for a sample of 85 profitable Computer Software firms. Findings from the SFAS 123 approach indicate the market appears to value ESO expense not as an expense but as an asset. Most notably, the results suggest that investors perceive that employee stock options create an intangible asset that they value more highly than other assets of the firm. The Exposure Draft approach, according to our findings, best captures the market's perception of the economic effect of employee stock options (ESO) on firm value for profitable Computer Software companies. However, we find a conflict in (1) the positive manner in which investors appear to value ESO expense, and (2) the negative relation between current ESO expense and future abnormal earnings. This conflict could be a an artifact of the restrictiveness of the abnormal earnings forecasting equation we estimate, although it also calls into question whether investors in profitable Software companies assess correctly the effect of ESOs on profitable Software firms value.
-
the valuation implications of employee stock option accounting for profitable Computer Software firms
The Accounting Review, 2002Co-Authors: Timothy B Bell, Wayne R Landsman, Bruce L Miller, Shu YehAbstract:We use the Ohlson (1995, 1999) and Feltham and Ohlson (1999) valuation models to investigate the market's perception of the economic effect of employee stock options (ESOs) on firm value for a sample of 85 profitable Computer Software companies. Our results suggest that the market appears to value these firms' ESO expense not as an expense but as an intangible asset (even after controlling for the endogeneity bias arising from the mechanical relation between ESOs and the underlying stock prices). However, we also find a conflict between: (1) the positive manner in which investors appear to value ESO expense, and (2) the negative relation between current ESO expense and future abnormal earnings. This conflict not only could be an artifact of the restrictiveness of the abnormal earnings forecasting equation we estimate, but it also calls into question whether investors assess correctly the effect of ESOs on profitable Software firm value.
-
the valuation implications of employee stock option accounting for Computer Software firms
2001Co-Authors: Timothy B Bell, Wayne R Landsman, Bruce L Miller, Shu YehAbstract:In this study we compare the ability of alternative accounting methods for employee stock options (ESOs) to reflect firm value using the Ohlson [1995, 1999] and Feltham-Ohlson [1999] valuation models for a sample of 85 Computer Software firms. The three methods we compare are APB 25, ESO expense recognition based on SFAS 123 disclosures, and asset recognition at grant date based on the Exposure Draft: Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. We estimate abnormal earnings forecasting and valuation equations for each accounting method. Findings suggest that the method of recognition of an asset at grant date best reflects the market?s valuation of ESO transactions. A robustness test indicates the asset may have a useful life longer than the option vesting period. An additional robustness test indicates that findings are not the result of endogeneity bias.
Timothy B Bell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the valuation implications of employee stock option accounting for profitable Computer Software firms
Social Science Research Network, 2002Co-Authors: Timothy B Bell, Wayne R Landsman, Bruce L Miller, Shu YehAbstract:We use the Ohlson (1995, 1999) and Feltham-Ohlson (1999) valuation models to compare the extent to which Accounting Principles Board Opinion 25: Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25), Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123: Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123), and the Exposure Draft: Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation reflect the market's assessment of the effects of employee stock options on firm value for a sample of 85 profitable Computer Software firms. Findings from the SFAS 123 approach indicate the market appears to value ESO expense not as an expense but as an asset. Most notably, the results suggest that investors perceive that employee stock options create an intangible asset that they value more highly than other assets of the firm. The Exposure Draft approach, according to our findings, best captures the market's perception of the economic effect of employee stock options (ESO) on firm value for profitable Computer Software companies. However, we find a conflict in (1) the positive manner in which investors appear to value ESO expense, and (2) the negative relation between current ESO expense and future abnormal earnings. This conflict could be a an artifact of the restrictiveness of the abnormal earnings forecasting equation we estimate, although it also calls into question whether investors in profitable Software companies assess correctly the effect of ESOs on profitable Software firms value.
-
the valuation implications of employee stock option accounting for profitable Computer Software firms
The Accounting Review, 2002Co-Authors: Timothy B Bell, Wayne R Landsman, Bruce L Miller, Shu YehAbstract:We use the Ohlson (1995, 1999) and Feltham and Ohlson (1999) valuation models to investigate the market's perception of the economic effect of employee stock options (ESOs) on firm value for a sample of 85 profitable Computer Software companies. Our results suggest that the market appears to value these firms' ESO expense not as an expense but as an intangible asset (even after controlling for the endogeneity bias arising from the mechanical relation between ESOs and the underlying stock prices). However, we also find a conflict between: (1) the positive manner in which investors appear to value ESO expense, and (2) the negative relation between current ESO expense and future abnormal earnings. This conflict not only could be an artifact of the restrictiveness of the abnormal earnings forecasting equation we estimate, but it also calls into question whether investors assess correctly the effect of ESOs on profitable Software firm value.
-
the valuation implications of employee stock option accounting for Computer Software firms
2001Co-Authors: Timothy B Bell, Wayne R Landsman, Bruce L Miller, Shu YehAbstract:In this study we compare the ability of alternative accounting methods for employee stock options (ESOs) to reflect firm value using the Ohlson [1995, 1999] and Feltham-Ohlson [1999] valuation models for a sample of 85 Computer Software firms. The three methods we compare are APB 25, ESO expense recognition based on SFAS 123 disclosures, and asset recognition at grant date based on the Exposure Draft: Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. We estimate abnormal earnings forecasting and valuation equations for each accounting method. Findings suggest that the method of recognition of an asset at grant date best reflects the market?s valuation of ESO transactions. A robustness test indicates the asset may have a useful life longer than the option vesting period. An additional robustness test indicates that findings are not the result of endogeneity bias.
Wayne R Landsman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the valuation implications of employee stock option accounting for profitable Computer Software firms
Social Science Research Network, 2002Co-Authors: Timothy B Bell, Wayne R Landsman, Bruce L Miller, Shu YehAbstract:We use the Ohlson (1995, 1999) and Feltham-Ohlson (1999) valuation models to compare the extent to which Accounting Principles Board Opinion 25: Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25), Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123: Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123), and the Exposure Draft: Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation reflect the market's assessment of the effects of employee stock options on firm value for a sample of 85 profitable Computer Software firms. Findings from the SFAS 123 approach indicate the market appears to value ESO expense not as an expense but as an asset. Most notably, the results suggest that investors perceive that employee stock options create an intangible asset that they value more highly than other assets of the firm. The Exposure Draft approach, according to our findings, best captures the market's perception of the economic effect of employee stock options (ESO) on firm value for profitable Computer Software companies. However, we find a conflict in (1) the positive manner in which investors appear to value ESO expense, and (2) the negative relation between current ESO expense and future abnormal earnings. This conflict could be a an artifact of the restrictiveness of the abnormal earnings forecasting equation we estimate, although it also calls into question whether investors in profitable Software companies assess correctly the effect of ESOs on profitable Software firms value.
-
the valuation implications of employee stock option accounting for profitable Computer Software firms
The Accounting Review, 2002Co-Authors: Timothy B Bell, Wayne R Landsman, Bruce L Miller, Shu YehAbstract:We use the Ohlson (1995, 1999) and Feltham and Ohlson (1999) valuation models to investigate the market's perception of the economic effect of employee stock options (ESOs) on firm value for a sample of 85 profitable Computer Software companies. Our results suggest that the market appears to value these firms' ESO expense not as an expense but as an intangible asset (even after controlling for the endogeneity bias arising from the mechanical relation between ESOs and the underlying stock prices). However, we also find a conflict between: (1) the positive manner in which investors appear to value ESO expense, and (2) the negative relation between current ESO expense and future abnormal earnings. This conflict not only could be an artifact of the restrictiveness of the abnormal earnings forecasting equation we estimate, but it also calls into question whether investors assess correctly the effect of ESOs on profitable Software firm value.
-
the valuation implications of employee stock option accounting for Computer Software firms
2001Co-Authors: Timothy B Bell, Wayne R Landsman, Bruce L Miller, Shu YehAbstract:In this study we compare the ability of alternative accounting methods for employee stock options (ESOs) to reflect firm value using the Ohlson [1995, 1999] and Feltham-Ohlson [1999] valuation models for a sample of 85 Computer Software firms. The three methods we compare are APB 25, ESO expense recognition based on SFAS 123 disclosures, and asset recognition at grant date based on the Exposure Draft: Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. We estimate abnormal earnings forecasting and valuation equations for each accounting method. Findings suggest that the method of recognition of an asset at grant date best reflects the market?s valuation of ESO transactions. A robustness test indicates the asset may have a useful life longer than the option vesting period. An additional robustness test indicates that findings are not the result of endogeneity bias.
Bruce L Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the valuation implications of employee stock option accounting for profitable Computer Software firms
Social Science Research Network, 2002Co-Authors: Timothy B Bell, Wayne R Landsman, Bruce L Miller, Shu YehAbstract:We use the Ohlson (1995, 1999) and Feltham-Ohlson (1999) valuation models to compare the extent to which Accounting Principles Board Opinion 25: Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25), Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123: Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123), and the Exposure Draft: Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation reflect the market's assessment of the effects of employee stock options on firm value for a sample of 85 profitable Computer Software firms. Findings from the SFAS 123 approach indicate the market appears to value ESO expense not as an expense but as an asset. Most notably, the results suggest that investors perceive that employee stock options create an intangible asset that they value more highly than other assets of the firm. The Exposure Draft approach, according to our findings, best captures the market's perception of the economic effect of employee stock options (ESO) on firm value for profitable Computer Software companies. However, we find a conflict in (1) the positive manner in which investors appear to value ESO expense, and (2) the negative relation between current ESO expense and future abnormal earnings. This conflict could be a an artifact of the restrictiveness of the abnormal earnings forecasting equation we estimate, although it also calls into question whether investors in profitable Software companies assess correctly the effect of ESOs on profitable Software firms value.
-
the valuation implications of employee stock option accounting for profitable Computer Software firms
The Accounting Review, 2002Co-Authors: Timothy B Bell, Wayne R Landsman, Bruce L Miller, Shu YehAbstract:We use the Ohlson (1995, 1999) and Feltham and Ohlson (1999) valuation models to investigate the market's perception of the economic effect of employee stock options (ESOs) on firm value for a sample of 85 profitable Computer Software companies. Our results suggest that the market appears to value these firms' ESO expense not as an expense but as an intangible asset (even after controlling for the endogeneity bias arising from the mechanical relation between ESOs and the underlying stock prices). However, we also find a conflict between: (1) the positive manner in which investors appear to value ESO expense, and (2) the negative relation between current ESO expense and future abnormal earnings. This conflict not only could be an artifact of the restrictiveness of the abnormal earnings forecasting equation we estimate, but it also calls into question whether investors assess correctly the effect of ESOs on profitable Software firm value.
-
the valuation implications of employee stock option accounting for Computer Software firms
2001Co-Authors: Timothy B Bell, Wayne R Landsman, Bruce L Miller, Shu YehAbstract:In this study we compare the ability of alternative accounting methods for employee stock options (ESOs) to reflect firm value using the Ohlson [1995, 1999] and Feltham-Ohlson [1999] valuation models for a sample of 85 Computer Software firms. The three methods we compare are APB 25, ESO expense recognition based on SFAS 123 disclosures, and asset recognition at grant date based on the Exposure Draft: Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. We estimate abnormal earnings forecasting and valuation equations for each accounting method. Findings suggest that the method of recognition of an asset at grant date best reflects the market?s valuation of ESO transactions. A robustness test indicates the asset may have a useful life longer than the option vesting period. An additional robustness test indicates that findings are not the result of endogeneity bias.
Theo Lynn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
seeding the cloud financial bootstrapping in the Computer Software sector
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Ciaran Mac An Bhaird, Theo LynnAbstract:This study investigates resourcing of Computer Software companies that have adopted cloud computing for the development and delivery of application Software. Use of this innovative technology potentially impacts firm financing because the initial infrastructure investment requirement is much lower than for packaged Software, lead time to market is shorter, and cloud computing supports instant scalability. We test these predictions by conducting in-depth interviews with founders of 18 independently owned nascent enterprises, of which three quarters have adopted cloud computing. We identify particular bootstrapping methods used by start-ups in the Computer Software sector. Cloud computing enables firms to develop and launch products with minimal resources, reducing barriers to entry, with consequent increased competition. The primary business bootstrapping technique is foregoing wages, supplemented by small amounts of grant funding. Customers are a source of knowledge and expertise for product development, which occurs in an iterative process. Product bootstrapping techniques have changed in response to technological innovation, although methods to acquire tangible assets are identical over time. Astutely applied, financial bootstrapping is a resource management strategy essential to the growth and survival of high technology firms.
-
seeding the cloud financial bootstrapping in the Computer Software sector
Venture Capital: An International Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, 2015Co-Authors: Ciaran Mac An Bhaird, Theo LynnAbstract:This study investigates resourcing of Computer Software companies that have adopted cloud computing for the development and delivery of application Software. Use of this innovative technology potentially impacts firm financing because the initial infrastructure investment requirement is much lower than for packaged Software, lead time to market is shorter and cloud computing supports instant scalability. We test these predictions by conducting in-depth interviews with founders of 18 independently owned nascent enterprises, of which three-quarters have adopted cloud computing. We identify particular bootstrapping methods used by start-ups in the Computer Software sector. Cloud computing enables firms to develop and launch products with minimal resources, reducing barriers to entry, with consequent increased competition. The primary business bootstrapping technique is foregoing wages, supplemented by small amounts of grant funding. Customers are a source of knowledge and expertise for product development, w...
