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Brian Dacre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The effects of contaminants on the behaviour of Conductivity Improvers in hydrocarbons
    Journal of Electrostatics, 1998
    Co-Authors: Brian Dacre, Janice I. Hetherington
    Abstract:

    Abstract Dangerous accumulation of electrostatic charge can occur due to high-speed pumping and microfiltration of jet fuel. This can be avoided by increasing the electrical Conductivity of the fuel using Conductivity Improver additives. However, marked variations occur in the Conductivity response of different fuels when doped to the same level with Conductivity Improver. This has been attributed to interactions of the Conductivity Improver with other fuel additives or fuel contaminants. The present work concentrates on the effects of fuel contaminants, in particular polar compounds, on the performance of the Conductivity Improver. Conductivity is the fuel property of prime interest. The Conductivity response of model systems of the Conductivity Improver STADIS 450 in dodecane has been measured and the effect on this Conductivity of additions of model polar contaminants sodium naphthenate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, and sodium phenate has been measured. The sodium salts have been found to have a complex effect on the performance of STADIS 450, reducing the Conductivity at low concentrations to a minimum value and then increasing the Conductivity at high concentrations of sodium salts. This work has focused on characterising this minimum in the Conductivity values and on understanding the reason for its occurrence. The effects on the minimum Conductivity value of the following parameters are investigated: (a) time, (b) STADIS 450 concentration, (c) sodium salt concentration, (d) mixed sodium salts, (e) experimental method, (f) a phenol, (g) individual components of STADIS 450. The complex Conductivity response of the STADIS 450 to sodium salt impurities is discussed in terms of possible inter-molecular interactions.

  • Effects of fuel components on the performance of Conductivity Improvers in hydrocarbons
    Journal of Electrostatics, 1997
    Co-Authors: Brian Dacre, W.g.abi Aoun
    Abstract:

    Abstract The aims of this work were (a) to investigate the way in which fuel additives and naturally occurring fuel components affect the performance of the Conductivity Improvers and (b) to understand the nature of the intermolecular interactions involved. Solutions have been studied by measuring the electrical Conductivity of solutions of Conductivity Improvers chiefly in the pure alkanes, heptane and dodecane. The parameters studied were (a) the Conductivity response to additions of other additives or compounds of similar structure (these include antioxidant, icing inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor) and (b) the Conductivity response to additions of compound types similar to those which are naturally occurring (these include aromatics, organo-nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen compounds). Interpretation of data has to take into account adsorption processes occurring in the measuring cells. The results demonstrate that strong proton donor-acceptor interactions correlate with antagonistic effects on the performance of the Conductivity Improver. Such effects may be important at extremely low concentrations of strong proton donor molecules.

W.g.abi Aoun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of fuel components on the performance of Conductivity Improvers in hydrocarbons
    Journal of Electrostatics, 1997
    Co-Authors: Brian Dacre, W.g.abi Aoun
    Abstract:

    Abstract The aims of this work were (a) to investigate the way in which fuel additives and naturally occurring fuel components affect the performance of the Conductivity Improvers and (b) to understand the nature of the intermolecular interactions involved. Solutions have been studied by measuring the electrical Conductivity of solutions of Conductivity Improvers chiefly in the pure alkanes, heptane and dodecane. The parameters studied were (a) the Conductivity response to additions of other additives or compounds of similar structure (these include antioxidant, icing inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor) and (b) the Conductivity response to additions of compound types similar to those which are naturally occurring (these include aromatics, organo-nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen compounds). Interpretation of data has to take into account adsorption processes occurring in the measuring cells. The results demonstrate that strong proton donor-acceptor interactions correlate with antagonistic effects on the performance of the Conductivity Improver. Such effects may be important at extremely low concentrations of strong proton donor molecules.

Janice I. Hetherington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The effects of contaminants on the behaviour of Conductivity Improvers in hydrocarbons
    Journal of Electrostatics, 1998
    Co-Authors: Brian Dacre, Janice I. Hetherington
    Abstract:

    Abstract Dangerous accumulation of electrostatic charge can occur due to high-speed pumping and microfiltration of jet fuel. This can be avoided by increasing the electrical Conductivity of the fuel using Conductivity Improver additives. However, marked variations occur in the Conductivity response of different fuels when doped to the same level with Conductivity Improver. This has been attributed to interactions of the Conductivity Improver with other fuel additives or fuel contaminants. The present work concentrates on the effects of fuel contaminants, in particular polar compounds, on the performance of the Conductivity Improver. Conductivity is the fuel property of prime interest. The Conductivity response of model systems of the Conductivity Improver STADIS 450 in dodecane has been measured and the effect on this Conductivity of additions of model polar contaminants sodium naphthenate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, and sodium phenate has been measured. The sodium salts have been found to have a complex effect on the performance of STADIS 450, reducing the Conductivity at low concentrations to a minimum value and then increasing the Conductivity at high concentrations of sodium salts. This work has focused on characterising this minimum in the Conductivity values and on understanding the reason for its occurrence. The effects on the minimum Conductivity value of the following parameters are investigated: (a) time, (b) STADIS 450 concentration, (c) sodium salt concentration, (d) mixed sodium salts, (e) experimental method, (f) a phenol, (g) individual components of STADIS 450. The complex Conductivity response of the STADIS 450 to sodium salt impurities is discussed in terms of possible inter-molecular interactions.

Gurpreet Singh Kapur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Anil Yadav - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.