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Rikiya Sasaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wood volatiles as attractants of the Confused Flour Beetle tribolium confusum coleoptera tenebrionidae
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Masatoshi Hori, Yoshimi Aoki, Kazutaka Shinoda, Mitsuo Chiba, Rikiya SasakiAbstract:: Confused Flour Beetles are serious pests of stored grain products, and therefore, it is important to efficiently monitor and control their populations. Aggregation pheromones are commercially used for monitoring this Beetle but their efficacy has been questioned and they may be inadequate for practical use. Food attractants as well as pheromones are commonly used for monitoring stored-product insects. However, food attractants may not be effective in the case of food handling facilities, which are already filled with food odours. The ancestors of Flour Beetles may have been associated with dead or decomposing woody vegetation, so we investigated the attractiveness of several wood odours to Beetles using a pitfall olfactometer. The Beetles were strongly attracted to all wood odours tested: Castanea crenata, Magnolia obovata, Paulownia tomentosa, Prunus jamasakura, and Zelkova serrata. The attractiveness of these wood odours was also stronger than that of the odours of the usual food of these Beetles. Supercritical CO2 extracts of these species of wood were also attractive to the Beetles. The Z. serrata extract was the most attractive among these extracts, and was further analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. One major compound, (-)-mellein, was detected in the extract. Synthetic (±)-mellein attracted the Beetles.
Lori Stevens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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physiological bases of genetic differences in cannibalism behavior of the Confused Flour Beetle tribolium confusum
Evolution, 2001Co-Authors: Tugrul Giray, Yvette A Luyten, Max Macpherson, Lori StevensAbstract:Physiological causes of genetic differences in cannibalism were examined to gain a better understanding of constraints on behavior evolution. Cannibalism has complex population level consequences in Tribolium confusum, including dramatic effects on population size. Laboratory strains with low and high cannibalism rates, obtained through inbreeding, have maintained distinct levels of cannibalism for over two decades even in the absence of artificial selection to maintain the differences. Why strains differ in their cannibalism rates was examined by measuring: (1) the nutritional benefit from cannibalism in both nutritionally good and poor environments, and (2) the possibility that eggs are an important source of water. How strains achieve differences in cannibalism was examined by testing for differences between strains in their ability to find eggs and in their tendency to eat eggs. Beetles from both strains survive equally well in a nutritionally good environment, but they accomplish this in different ways. The low cannibalism strain has high survivorship with and without cannibalism. The high cannibalism strain has low survivorship when not fed eggs and survivorship equivalent to the low cannibalism strain when fed eggs, suggesting it compensates for poor nutritional adaptation by eating eggs. The strains also differ in feeding behavior; Beetles from the high cannibalism strain have a higher appetite for eggs. Beetles from the two strains did not differ in locomotor activity, search efficiency, or need for water. The observed behavioral and nutritional differences may contribute to the maintenance of different levels of cannibalism.
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variation in the production and distribution of substituted benzoquinone compounds among genetic strains of the Confused Flour Beetle tribolium confusum
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2000Co-Authors: Ann Yezerski, Timothy P Gilmor, Lori StevensAbstract:Abstract Insects often produce chemicals, such as defensive compounds, whose quantity and distribution can affect their fitness. For evolution to produce adaptations, chemical production must be genetically variable. Here we report the results of a study using high‐performance liquid chromatography to quantify two important chemical secretions of the Flour Beetle Tribolium confusum, methyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone (MBQ) and ethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone (EBQ). Our results show a distinct difference in the production of the compounds among four genetically distinct strains of T. confusum (b‐+, b‐I, b‐IV, b‐Pakistan) with an unusually high amount measured for the b‐Pakistan strain. By measuring internal and external benzoquinone levels separately, we were also able to detect differences in production and distribution of the compounds between the strains. Some strains secrete more of the chemicals, whereas other strains appear to sequester the compounds within their bodies. The sexes also differ in total quinone production...
Masatoshi Hori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wood volatiles as attractants of the Confused Flour Beetle tribolium confusum coleoptera tenebrionidae
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Masatoshi Hori, Yoshimi Aoki, Kazutaka Shinoda, Mitsuo Chiba, Rikiya SasakiAbstract:: Confused Flour Beetles are serious pests of stored grain products, and therefore, it is important to efficiently monitor and control their populations. Aggregation pheromones are commercially used for monitoring this Beetle but their efficacy has been questioned and they may be inadequate for practical use. Food attractants as well as pheromones are commonly used for monitoring stored-product insects. However, food attractants may not be effective in the case of food handling facilities, which are already filled with food odours. The ancestors of Flour Beetles may have been associated with dead or decomposing woody vegetation, so we investigated the attractiveness of several wood odours to Beetles using a pitfall olfactometer. The Beetles were strongly attracted to all wood odours tested: Castanea crenata, Magnolia obovata, Paulownia tomentosa, Prunus jamasakura, and Zelkova serrata. The attractiveness of these wood odours was also stronger than that of the odours of the usual food of these Beetles. Supercritical CO2 extracts of these species of wood were also attractive to the Beetles. The Z. serrata extract was the most attractive among these extracts, and was further analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. One major compound, (-)-mellein, was detected in the extract. Synthetic (±)-mellein attracted the Beetles.
Frank H Arthur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differential susceptibilities of two closely related stored product pests the red Flour Beetle tribolium castaneum and the Confused Flour Beetle tribolium confusum to five selected insecticides
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2019Co-Authors: Chengyu Chen, Hua Wu, Jing Chang, Kristopher Silver, James F Campbell, Frank H ArthurAbstract:Abstract The red Flour Beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst) and the Confused Flour Beetle (Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val) are among the most commonly encountered insects infesting stored food, but their susceptibilities to different insecticides often differ significantly, which complicates efforts to manage populations in milling and processing facilities. In this study, the susceptibilities of T. castaneum and T. confusum late-stage larvae to five selected insecticides, esfenvalerate, pyrethrins, dichlorvos, methoprene and pyriproxyfen, were assessed with and without synergists using topical applications. In four-day bioassays (without Flour) with dichlorvos, esfenvalerate and pyrethrins, T. castaneum larvae were less susceptible (low larval mortality) to dichlorvos and esfenvalerate than T. confusum, whereas the reverse was true for treatment with pyrethrins. Pre-treatment with one of three synergists, piperonyl butoxide (PBO, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF, esterase inhibitor), or diethyl maleate (DEM, glutathione S-transferase inhibitor), suggested involvement of esterases in the detoxification of dichlorvos and pyrethrins, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the detoxification of esfenvalerate in both species. Interestingly, pre-treatment with some synergists increased the toxicity of insecticides in only one species: DEM and DEF increased the toxicity of dichlorvos to T. castaneum, whereas only DEF increased dichlorvos toxicity to T. confusum. In 28-day bioassays with larvae treated with each of two insect growth regulators (IGRs), methoprene and pyriproxifen, T. confusum was the more tolerant species. All T. castaneum died in either the larval or pupal stages with either IGR. In contrast, only pyriproxyfen caused complete mortality in T. confusum larvae, and even the highest dose of methoprene allowed nearly 70% of T. confusum larvae to pupate, and 4.5% of adults to emerge. Our results show that although these two species are closely related, they display very different susceptibilities to different insecticides, and different metabolic detoxification mechanisms may contribute to their differential insecticide susceptibilities.
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Susceptibility of last instar red Flour Beetles and Confused Flour Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to hydroprene.
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2001Co-Authors: Frank H ArthurAbstract:Last instar larvae of the red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and the Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, were either exposed for 8–144 h on concrete treated with 1.9 × 10−3 mg(AI)/per cm2 hydroprene, or continually exposed on concrete treated with 9.8 × 10−4 to 1.9 × 10−3 mg[AI]/per cm2 hydroprene. In both tests, larvae were exposed and held at 27 or 32°C and 40, 57, or 75% RH. When larvae were exposed with no food to hydroprene for different time intervals, then transferred to untreated concrete containing Flour, consistent effects were produced only at 144 h. At this exposure interval, the percentage of Beetles arrested in the larval stage after 3–4 wk was generally greater at 75% RH compared with 40 and 57% RH, but there were no differences between species or temperature. The percentages of dead adult red Flour Beetles and live adults with morphological deformities were also greatest at 75% RH, and defects were more prevalent in red Flour Beetles than in Confused Flour Beetles. When larvae were continually exposed to different concentrations of hydroprene on concrete that contained Flour, the percentage of arrested larvae, dead adults, and live adults of both species generally increased with concentration. There were more deleterious effects at 75% RH compared with either 40 or 57% RH, and effects were more pronounced in the red Flour Beetle compared with the Confused Flour Beetle. In both experiments, temperature effects were variable and inconclusive. Results indicate that continual exposure of last instar red Flour Beetle and Confused Flour Beetle to hydroprene can limit population development, but exposure intervals of >6 d may be required for maximum effectiveness.
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Cyfluthrin WP and EC formulations to control malathion-resistant red Flour Beetles and Confused Flour Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): effects of paint on residual efficacy.
Journal of Entomological Science, 1992Co-Authors: Frank H ArthurAbstract:Malathion-resistant red Flour Beetle and Confused Flour Beetle field strains and a pesticide-susceptible laboratory strain of each species were exposed on unpainted and painted galvanized steel panels treated with cyfluthrin EC and WP formulations at label rates. Residues from both formulations applied to unpainted steel killed 99.8% of the insects after 1 h exposure for up to 235 d after treatment. Equivalent control on painted panels lasted approximately 3 wks and required 24 h exposure. Residual mortality on painted panels treated with cyfluthrin WP and EC quickly declined; tests with red Flour Beetles and Confused Flour Beetles were discontinued after 116 and 123 d, respectively. All of the malathion-resistant strains were as susceptible as the laboratory strain to cyfluthrin, and there was no difference between the EC and WP formulations.
Christos G Athanassiou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Asymmetry of mating behaviour affects copulation success in two stored-product Beetles
Journal of Pest Science, 2017Co-Authors: Giovanni Benelli, Christos G Athanassiou, Nickolas G Kavallieratos, Donato Romano, Cesare Stefanini, Angelo CanaleAbstract:Lateralization (i.e. left–right asymmetries in the brain and behaviour) has been documented in all vertebrate classes, while evidences for invertebrates are limited. To the best of our knowledge, there is no information about behavioural asymmetries in the order Coleoptera. In this research, we investigated the lateralization of mating traits in two major pests of stored products: the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Both T. confusum and S. oryzae males showed population-level left-biased copulation approaches of potential mates. Interestingly, T. confusum and S. oryzae males performing left-biased copulation attempts achieved higher mating success over right-biased males. Furthermore, S. oryzae males periodically exhibited a typical head wagging behaviour, which consists of waving the rostrum laterally across the female thorax and then resting the rostrum on the mid thorax. This behaviour was right-biased, even in the majority of males that previously showed left-biased copulation attempts. The quantification of mating displays could allow comparisons with other strains, in order to evaluate the impact of a given host or of the rearing methods on the mating traits of S. oryzae and T. confusum . Overall, this is the first report of lateralization of mating traits in Coleoptera. Furthermore, this research adds basic knowledge to the reproductive behaviour of S. oryzae and T. confusum .
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effectiveness of spinosad dust against different european populations of the Confused Flour Beetle tribolium confusum jacquelin du val
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2008Co-Authors: Christos G Athanassiou, Nickolas G Kavallieratos, George J ChintzoglouAbstract:Abstract Six populations of the Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum , obtained from Greece, Italy, Portugal, Denmark, Germany and France were tested for their susceptibility to a spinosad dust formulation, containing 0.125% spinosad. For this purpose, adults and larvae of T. confusum were exposed on wheat treated with two dose rates of the dust formulation, 0.06 and 0.19 ppm of a.i. corresponding to 50 and 150 ppm of the formulation, at 25 °C and 65% r.h. Mortality of the exposed individuals was assessed after 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure on the treated substrate. The increase of dose and exposure interval increased mortality, while adults were more tolerant to spinosad than larvae. Significant differences were noted among populations, for both adults and larvae. The most tolerant to spinosad was the strain from Greece, while the least tolerant were the strains from Germany and Denmark. After 7 days of exposure, on wheat treated with 50 ppm, mortalities of adults of the Greek, German and Danish strains were 2%, 25% and 62% respectively, while the respective figures for 150 ppm were 1%, 31% and 81% respectively. In the case of larvae, of the same strains, mortality at 50 ppm was 6%, 27% and 28% and at 150 ppm 11%, 23% and 40%, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that different strains and stages of T. confusum differ widely in their susceptibility to spinosad-treated wheat.
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factors affecting the insecticidal efficacy of the diatomaceous earth formulation silicosec against adults and larvae of the Confused Flour Beetle tribolium confusum duval coleoptera tenebrionidae
Crop Protection, 2004Co-Authors: B J Vayias, Christos G AthanassiouAbstract:Abstract The insecticidal efficacy of the diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation SilicoSec (Biofa GmbH) against adults and larvae of the Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum DuVal (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was evaluated in laboratory tests. These tests were conducted at five temperatures, 22°C, 25°C, 27°C, 30°C and 32°C, and two relative humidity levels, 55% and 65%. SilicoSec was applied to three types of product, hard wheat, soft wheat and wheat Flour, at four dose rates, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg of each product. In order to assess the influence of larval instar on the efficacy of SilicoSec, the larvae were divided into two groups, young and old larvae, corresponding to 1–3 and 4–7 instar larvae, respectively. Similarly, adults were divided into three different groups, 1, 2 and 7-d old adults, respectively. For both adults and larvae, mortality on wheat or Flour treated with SilicoSec increased with the exposure interval and the dose rate. Larvae were more sensitive to DE than adults, given that adults could survive exposure intervals and application rates that were lethal to larvae. The mortality of larvae and adults exposed to SilicoSec increased with increasing temperature. In contrast, the efficacy of SilicoSec notably decreased with the increase of relative humidity from 55% to 65%. Significantly, more adults and larvae were dead in SilicoSec-treated wheat than in treated Flour. The efficacy of SilicoSec was substantially affected by the age of the exposed individuals. Young larvae were significantly more sensitive than old ones. Adults became significantly less susceptible to SilicoSec as their age increased from 1 to 2 and to 7 d.