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John E Blake - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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factors affecting organochlorine contaminant concentrations in milk and blood of northern fur seal callorhinus ursinus dams and pups from st george island alaska
Science of The Total Environment, 1999Co-Authors: Kimberlee B Beckmen, Rodney G Towell, Gina M Ylitalo, Margaret M Krahn, Todd M Ohara, John E BlakeAbstract:Levels of organochlorine contaminants in blood of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups and the blood and milk of their dams early in the lactation period are reported here. The contaminants included 15 selected individual polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Congeners and DDT metabolites identified through high-performance liquid chromatography. Congeners CB-77, -81, -126, -169 and -189 were below the limits of detection in milk and blood samples analyzed. Congener-specific concentrations of PCBs in the blood of pups were compared based on the age of their dam ( 7 years). Pups of young (presumably primiparous) dams had significantly elevated levels of CBs-101, -118, -128, -138, -153/87, -170/194, and -180 than pups of older (multiparous) dams. Congeners CB-128 and -170/194 were detected in the blood of pups of young dams but not in the blood of pups of older dams nor in any of the dams blood. Additionally, pups had higher blood levels in seven of 10 detected PCB Congeners as compared to the levels measured in milk when adjusted for lipid content. Levels of DDT metabolites and toxic equivalency quotients of dioxin-like Congeners followed similar trends. Lipid-normalized concentrations of CB-101 and total PCBs were significantly higher in the blood of dams than in their milk. CB-128, -156, -157, -170/194, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDD were not detected in dam blood samples, but were detected in milk samples. Calculation of 'biomagnification factors' from milk to pup blood indicated a biomagnification of CB-101, -105, -118, -138, -153/87, and -180. Significant mean accumulation factors ranged from 1.5 to 7.5. Inter-annual differences in exposure levels and specific congener concentrations in both milk and blood were apparent. Northern fur seal pups, especially first-born, have a substantial exposure to organochlorine contaminants at a critical developmental stage.
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factors affecting organochlorine contaminant concentrations in milk and blood of northern fur seal callorhinus ursinus dams and pups from st george island alaska
Science of The Total Environment, 1999Co-Authors: Kimberlee B Beckmen, Rodney G Towell, Gina M Ylitalo, Margaret M Krahn, Todd M Ohara, John E BlakeAbstract:Abstract Levels of organochlorine contaminants in blood of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups and the blood and milk of their dams early in the lactation period are reported here. The contaminants included 15 selected individual polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Congeners and DDT metabolites identified through high-performance liquid chromatography. Congeners CB-77, -81, -126, -169 and -189 were below the limits of detection in milk and blood samples analyzed. Congener-specific concentrations of PCBs in the blood of pups were compared based on the age of their dam (≤5 years or >7 years). Pups of young (presumably primiparous) dams had significantly elevated levels of CBs-101, -118, -128, -138, -153/87, -170/194, and -180 than pups of older (multiparous) dams. Congeners CB-128 and -170/194 were detected in the blood of pups of young dams but not in the blood of pups of older dams nor in any of the dams blood. Additionally, pups had higher blood levels in seven of 10 detected PCB Congeners as compared to the levels measured in milk when adjusted for lipid content. Levels of DDT metabolites and toxic equivalency quotients of dioxin-like Congeners followed similar trends. Lipid-normalized concentrations of CB-101 and total PCBs were significantly higher in the blood of dams than in their milk. CB-128, -156, -157, -170/194, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD and o,p′-DDD were not detected in dam blood samples, but were detected in milk samples. Calculation of ‘biomagnification factors’ from milk to pup blood indicated a biomagnification of CB-101, -105, -118, -138, -153/87, and -180. Significant mean accumulation factors ranged from 1.5 to 7.5. Inter-annual differences in exposure levels and specific congener concentrations in both milk and blood were apparent. Northern fur seal pups, especially first-born, have a substantial exposure to organochlorine contaminants at a critical developmental stage.
Kimberlee B Beckmen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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factors affecting organochlorine contaminant concentrations in milk and blood of northern fur seal callorhinus ursinus dams and pups from st george island alaska
Science of The Total Environment, 1999Co-Authors: Kimberlee B Beckmen, Rodney G Towell, Gina M Ylitalo, Margaret M Krahn, Todd M Ohara, John E BlakeAbstract:Levels of organochlorine contaminants in blood of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups and the blood and milk of their dams early in the lactation period are reported here. The contaminants included 15 selected individual polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Congeners and DDT metabolites identified through high-performance liquid chromatography. Congeners CB-77, -81, -126, -169 and -189 were below the limits of detection in milk and blood samples analyzed. Congener-specific concentrations of PCBs in the blood of pups were compared based on the age of their dam ( 7 years). Pups of young (presumably primiparous) dams had significantly elevated levels of CBs-101, -118, -128, -138, -153/87, -170/194, and -180 than pups of older (multiparous) dams. Congeners CB-128 and -170/194 were detected in the blood of pups of young dams but not in the blood of pups of older dams nor in any of the dams blood. Additionally, pups had higher blood levels in seven of 10 detected PCB Congeners as compared to the levels measured in milk when adjusted for lipid content. Levels of DDT metabolites and toxic equivalency quotients of dioxin-like Congeners followed similar trends. Lipid-normalized concentrations of CB-101 and total PCBs were significantly higher in the blood of dams than in their milk. CB-128, -156, -157, -170/194, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDD were not detected in dam blood samples, but were detected in milk samples. Calculation of 'biomagnification factors' from milk to pup blood indicated a biomagnification of CB-101, -105, -118, -138, -153/87, and -180. Significant mean accumulation factors ranged from 1.5 to 7.5. Inter-annual differences in exposure levels and specific congener concentrations in both milk and blood were apparent. Northern fur seal pups, especially first-born, have a substantial exposure to organochlorine contaminants at a critical developmental stage.
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factors affecting organochlorine contaminant concentrations in milk and blood of northern fur seal callorhinus ursinus dams and pups from st george island alaska
Science of The Total Environment, 1999Co-Authors: Kimberlee B Beckmen, Rodney G Towell, Gina M Ylitalo, Margaret M Krahn, Todd M Ohara, John E BlakeAbstract:Abstract Levels of organochlorine contaminants in blood of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups and the blood and milk of their dams early in the lactation period are reported here. The contaminants included 15 selected individual polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Congeners and DDT metabolites identified through high-performance liquid chromatography. Congeners CB-77, -81, -126, -169 and -189 were below the limits of detection in milk and blood samples analyzed. Congener-specific concentrations of PCBs in the blood of pups were compared based on the age of their dam (≤5 years or >7 years). Pups of young (presumably primiparous) dams had significantly elevated levels of CBs-101, -118, -128, -138, -153/87, -170/194, and -180 than pups of older (multiparous) dams. Congeners CB-128 and -170/194 were detected in the blood of pups of young dams but not in the blood of pups of older dams nor in any of the dams blood. Additionally, pups had higher blood levels in seven of 10 detected PCB Congeners as compared to the levels measured in milk when adjusted for lipid content. Levels of DDT metabolites and toxic equivalency quotients of dioxin-like Congeners followed similar trends. Lipid-normalized concentrations of CB-101 and total PCBs were significantly higher in the blood of dams than in their milk. CB-128, -156, -157, -170/194, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD and o,p′-DDD were not detected in dam blood samples, but were detected in milk samples. Calculation of ‘biomagnification factors’ from milk to pup blood indicated a biomagnification of CB-101, -105, -118, -138, -153/87, and -180. Significant mean accumulation factors ranged from 1.5 to 7.5. Inter-annual differences in exposure levels and specific congener concentrations in both milk and blood were apparent. Northern fur seal pups, especially first-born, have a substantial exposure to organochlorine contaminants at a critical developmental stage.
Sergei M. Chernyak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of selected polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants on lake trout salvelinus namaycush thymocyte viability apoptosis and necrosis
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Kelly L. Birchmeier, Kimberly A. Smith, Leonard I. Sweet, Sergei M. Chernyak, Jean V. Adams, Dora R Passinoreader, Geneva M. OmannAbstract:Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame-retardants have been identified as an emergent contaminants issue in many parts of the world. In vitro analyses were conducted to test the hypothesis that selected PBDEs Congeners affect viability, apoptosis, and necrosis of thymocytes from laboratory-reared lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). At current environmental levels (<1 mg/L), effects of the tested PBDEs on thymocytes were negligible. However, at 100 mg/L, major effects were seen for congener brominated diphenyl ether 47 (BDE-47) and minor effects were seen for congener BDE-99.
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comparisons of pbde composition and concentration in fish collected from the detroit river mi and des plaines river il
Chemosphere, 2002Co-Authors: Clifford P Rice, Sergei M. Chernyak, Linda J Begnoche, Richard T Quintal, James P HickeyAbstract:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were identified in fish collected from the Detroit River, MI and Des Plaines Rivers, IL. In the Detroit River fish, carp and large mouth bass, the congener patterns were dominated by the 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromo (BDE-47) congener, however, in Des Plaines River carp the dominant isomers were the heptabromo Congeners BDE-181 and BDE-183 and lesser amounts of another heptabromo congener, BDE-190, and two hexabromo Congeners, BDE-154 and BDE-153. Three possible sources exist for these less-commonly identified PBDE Congeners: (a) waste discharge from manufacturing or discarded products near the river, (b) public owned treatment work (POTW) effluents which constitute more than 75% of the flow in the Des Plaines River, (c) or formation of these Congeners by debromination of in-place deposits of decabromodiphenyl ether. Average concentration totals (sum of concentrations for seven of the dominant PBDE Congeners) were similar on a wet weight bases for the carp (5.39 ng/g wet weight) and large mouth bass (5.25 ng/g) in the Detroit River samples; however, the bass were significantly higher, p = 0.01, when compared on a lipid basis (bass--163 ng/g vs. carp--40.5 ng/g lipid weight). Some of the PBDE Congeners were positively correlated with increasing lipid levels in both fish species. Average total PBDE concentrations in the carp from the Des Plaines River (12.48 ng/g wet weight) were significantly higher, p = 0.01, than in carp from the Detroit River. The residues were isolated using standard organochlorine methods for fish and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-negative chemical ionization methods.
Geneva M. Omann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of selected polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants on lake trout salvelinus namaycush thymocyte viability apoptosis and necrosis
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Kelly L. Birchmeier, Kimberly A. Smith, Leonard I. Sweet, Sergei M. Chernyak, Jean V. Adams, Dora R Passinoreader, Geneva M. OmannAbstract:Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame-retardants have been identified as an emergent contaminants issue in many parts of the world. In vitro analyses were conducted to test the hypothesis that selected PBDEs Congeners affect viability, apoptosis, and necrosis of thymocytes from laboratory-reared lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). At current environmental levels (<1 mg/L), effects of the tested PBDEs on thymocytes were negligible. However, at 100 mg/L, major effects were seen for congener brominated diphenyl ether 47 (BDE-47) and minor effects were seen for congener BDE-99.
Gina M Ylitalo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assimilation efficiency of PBDE Congeners in Chinook salmon.
Environmental science & technology, 2015Co-Authors: Joseph P. Dietrich, Gina M Ylitalo, Stacy A. Strickland, Greg Hutchinson, Ahna L. Van Gaest, Alex B. Krupkin, Mary R. ArkooshAbstract:Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants are environmental contaminants that can accumulate in biota. PBDE accumulation in an organism depends on exposure, assimilation efficiency, and elimination/metabolism. Net assimilation efficiency represents the fraction of the contaminant that is retained in the organism after exposure. In the present study, congener-specific estimates of net PBDE assimilation efficiencies were calculated from dietary exposures of juvenile Chinook salmon. The fish were exposed to one to eight PBDE Congeners up to 1500 ng total PBDEs/g food. Mean assimilation efficiencies varied from 0.32 to 0.50 for BDE Congeners 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154. The assimilation efficiency of BDE49 was significantly greater than 100%, suggesting biotransformation from higher brominated Congeners. Whole body concentrations of BDE49 significantly increased with both exposure to increasing concentrations of BDE99 and decreasing fish lipid levels, implying lipid-influenced debromination of B...
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factors affecting organochlorine contaminant concentrations in milk and blood of northern fur seal callorhinus ursinus dams and pups from st george island alaska
Science of The Total Environment, 1999Co-Authors: Kimberlee B Beckmen, Rodney G Towell, Gina M Ylitalo, Margaret M Krahn, Todd M Ohara, John E BlakeAbstract:Levels of organochlorine contaminants in blood of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups and the blood and milk of their dams early in the lactation period are reported here. The contaminants included 15 selected individual polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Congeners and DDT metabolites identified through high-performance liquid chromatography. Congeners CB-77, -81, -126, -169 and -189 were below the limits of detection in milk and blood samples analyzed. Congener-specific concentrations of PCBs in the blood of pups were compared based on the age of their dam ( 7 years). Pups of young (presumably primiparous) dams had significantly elevated levels of CBs-101, -118, -128, -138, -153/87, -170/194, and -180 than pups of older (multiparous) dams. Congeners CB-128 and -170/194 were detected in the blood of pups of young dams but not in the blood of pups of older dams nor in any of the dams blood. Additionally, pups had higher blood levels in seven of 10 detected PCB Congeners as compared to the levels measured in milk when adjusted for lipid content. Levels of DDT metabolites and toxic equivalency quotients of dioxin-like Congeners followed similar trends. Lipid-normalized concentrations of CB-101 and total PCBs were significantly higher in the blood of dams than in their milk. CB-128, -156, -157, -170/194, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDD were not detected in dam blood samples, but were detected in milk samples. Calculation of 'biomagnification factors' from milk to pup blood indicated a biomagnification of CB-101, -105, -118, -138, -153/87, and -180. Significant mean accumulation factors ranged from 1.5 to 7.5. Inter-annual differences in exposure levels and specific congener concentrations in both milk and blood were apparent. Northern fur seal pups, especially first-born, have a substantial exposure to organochlorine contaminants at a critical developmental stage.
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factors affecting organochlorine contaminant concentrations in milk and blood of northern fur seal callorhinus ursinus dams and pups from st george island alaska
Science of The Total Environment, 1999Co-Authors: Kimberlee B Beckmen, Rodney G Towell, Gina M Ylitalo, Margaret M Krahn, Todd M Ohara, John E BlakeAbstract:Abstract Levels of organochlorine contaminants in blood of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups and the blood and milk of their dams early in the lactation period are reported here. The contaminants included 15 selected individual polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Congeners and DDT metabolites identified through high-performance liquid chromatography. Congeners CB-77, -81, -126, -169 and -189 were below the limits of detection in milk and blood samples analyzed. Congener-specific concentrations of PCBs in the blood of pups were compared based on the age of their dam (≤5 years or >7 years). Pups of young (presumably primiparous) dams had significantly elevated levels of CBs-101, -118, -128, -138, -153/87, -170/194, and -180 than pups of older (multiparous) dams. Congeners CB-128 and -170/194 were detected in the blood of pups of young dams but not in the blood of pups of older dams nor in any of the dams blood. Additionally, pups had higher blood levels in seven of 10 detected PCB Congeners as compared to the levels measured in milk when adjusted for lipid content. Levels of DDT metabolites and toxic equivalency quotients of dioxin-like Congeners followed similar trends. Lipid-normalized concentrations of CB-101 and total PCBs were significantly higher in the blood of dams than in their milk. CB-128, -156, -157, -170/194, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD and o,p′-DDD were not detected in dam blood samples, but were detected in milk samples. Calculation of ‘biomagnification factors’ from milk to pup blood indicated a biomagnification of CB-101, -105, -118, -138, -153/87, and -180. Significant mean accumulation factors ranged from 1.5 to 7.5. Inter-annual differences in exposure levels and specific congener concentrations in both milk and blood were apparent. Northern fur seal pups, especially first-born, have a substantial exposure to organochlorine contaminants at a critical developmental stage.