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Arthur A Callaghan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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survival of Conidiobolus spp and basidiobolus ranarum in relation to relative humidity and temperature
Fungal Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Ian J Hopkins, Arthur A CallaghanAbstract:Abstract Survival of saprotrophs and opportunistic pathogens of arthropods was studied in 8 Conidiobolus spp. and in Basidiobolus ranarum. Response to brief adverse relative humidity (RH 90 d. Conidia of C. osmodes and B. ranarum survived best at 2 °C; for other species 10 °C was optimal. For samples buried in a Larix plantation, primary conidia survived 28 d for C. adiaeretus (>81 d for its secondary conidia and microconidia) and 338 d for (B. ranarum). Retrieved mycelium (including resting spores) for all species, renewed growth after at least 81 d. Implications for niche differentiation and trophic modes are discussed.
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pathogenicity of Conidiobolus spp and basidiobolus ranarum to arthropods co occurring in leaf litter
Fungal Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Robert J Manning, Arthur A CallaghanAbstract:Abstract A novel method is described for the extraction and presentation of mixed arthropods from litter as targets for potentially pathogenic species of Conidiobolus and Basidiobolus (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales). All arthropods and test fungi (except C. nr. pumilus from broad leaf litter) were from the same larch (Larix) plantation. For 8 fungus species a bioassay (and repeat), were followed by survivorship comparison tests; Breslow, Logrank (Mantel-Heinszel/Peto) and Wilcoxon (Gehan/Lee-Desau). These were applied to test and control data separately for collembola and mites. Kaplan-Meier plots of Hazard Function were made. Of possible pathogenic effects the most marked was the high mortality of collembola and mites when showered with conidia of C. coronatus. Conidiobolus thromboides (collembola and mites) and C. osmodes (mites only) were associated with enhanced death in one of their two bioassays. Of the other 5 test species, C. adiaeretus and C. iuxtagenitus gave no indication of pathogenicity; nor did C. lamprauges, C. heterosporus and C. pumilus. Ecological implications are briefly discussed.
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saprotrophy of Conidiobolus and basidiobolus in leaf litter
Fungal Biology, 2007Co-Authors: Robert J Manning, Steve D Waters, Arthur A CallaghanAbstract:This study of the putative saprotrophs of Conidiobolus and Basidiobolus aids the understanding of their ecological roles in litter, and their relationship with the entomogenous fungi of the Entomophthorales. A total of 47 isolates (ten spp.) were screened for their ability to utilise pure compounds, arthropod cadavers, and plant leaf fragments as substrates. Isolates co-occurred in a larch plantation (Larix sp.) or were from adjacent habitats. Of the 21 isolates (nine spp.) tested on potential prime carbon sources, none could utilise common plant structural polymers. Conidiobolus adiaeretus, C. iuxtagenitus, and B. ranarum from litter and some soil isolates of C. heterosporus, C. pumilus, and C. firmipilleus could use starches and glycogen. In marked contrast, all could utilise animal chitin, gelatine, casein, N-acetyl glucosamine, and trehalose. The lipids tributyrin and sunflower oil also supported growth. Conidia on cadavers usually led to high levels of colonisation as was the case for 30 isolates (ten species). Collembola were more frequently and rapidly colonised than mites. Cadavers of many other arthropods were also internally colonised. The ability to utilise cadavers of diverse arthropods indicates that trophic competition between co-occurring test species may be minimal. Niche differentiation may depend more on non-trophic features of their life history. Negative correlation of performance with the presence of naturally occurring, non-test fungi suggests competition with (or antibiosis from) at least some of the other fungi. In washed or unwashed plant fragments of larch litter (F-layer) only occasional local growth and resting spore formation occurred. Extra nutrients did not facilitate colonisation. Alternative forms of repetitional conidia showed a strong association with plant fragments but not with cadavers.
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alternative repetitional conidia in Conidiobolus adiaeretus development and germination
Fungal Biology, 2000Co-Authors: Arthur A Callaghan, Steven D Waters, Robert J ManningAbstract:We report the ability of Conidiobolus adiaeretus to form repetitional microconidia and capilliconidia. Detailed descriptions of development and germination are given. This is the first report of any entomophthoralean fungus producing both these alternative conidial types. This cuts across current definitions of subgenera in Conidiobolus which are based on the absence of these conidial types or on the presence of either microconidia or capilliconidia but not both. Co-occurrence of both these spore types, along with the unusual mode of formation of the microconidia, and the ability to derive capilliconidia directly from the latter, reinforce other features which set C. adiaeretus apart. Taxonomic, evolutionary and ecological implications are briefly discussed.
Robert J Manning - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pathogenicity of Conidiobolus spp and basidiobolus ranarum to arthropods co occurring in leaf litter
Fungal Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Robert J Manning, Arthur A CallaghanAbstract:Abstract A novel method is described for the extraction and presentation of mixed arthropods from litter as targets for potentially pathogenic species of Conidiobolus and Basidiobolus (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales). All arthropods and test fungi (except C. nr. pumilus from broad leaf litter) were from the same larch (Larix) plantation. For 8 fungus species a bioassay (and repeat), were followed by survivorship comparison tests; Breslow, Logrank (Mantel-Heinszel/Peto) and Wilcoxon (Gehan/Lee-Desau). These were applied to test and control data separately for collembola and mites. Kaplan-Meier plots of Hazard Function were made. Of possible pathogenic effects the most marked was the high mortality of collembola and mites when showered with conidia of C. coronatus. Conidiobolus thromboides (collembola and mites) and C. osmodes (mites only) were associated with enhanced death in one of their two bioassays. Of the other 5 test species, C. adiaeretus and C. iuxtagenitus gave no indication of pathogenicity; nor did C. lamprauges, C. heterosporus and C. pumilus. Ecological implications are briefly discussed.
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saprotrophy of Conidiobolus and basidiobolus in leaf litter
Fungal Biology, 2007Co-Authors: Robert J Manning, Steve D Waters, Arthur A CallaghanAbstract:This study of the putative saprotrophs of Conidiobolus and Basidiobolus aids the understanding of their ecological roles in litter, and their relationship with the entomogenous fungi of the Entomophthorales. A total of 47 isolates (ten spp.) were screened for their ability to utilise pure compounds, arthropod cadavers, and plant leaf fragments as substrates. Isolates co-occurred in a larch plantation (Larix sp.) or were from adjacent habitats. Of the 21 isolates (nine spp.) tested on potential prime carbon sources, none could utilise common plant structural polymers. Conidiobolus adiaeretus, C. iuxtagenitus, and B. ranarum from litter and some soil isolates of C. heterosporus, C. pumilus, and C. firmipilleus could use starches and glycogen. In marked contrast, all could utilise animal chitin, gelatine, casein, N-acetyl glucosamine, and trehalose. The lipids tributyrin and sunflower oil also supported growth. Conidia on cadavers usually led to high levels of colonisation as was the case for 30 isolates (ten species). Collembola were more frequently and rapidly colonised than mites. Cadavers of many other arthropods were also internally colonised. The ability to utilise cadavers of diverse arthropods indicates that trophic competition between co-occurring test species may be minimal. Niche differentiation may depend more on non-trophic features of their life history. Negative correlation of performance with the presence of naturally occurring, non-test fungi suggests competition with (or antibiosis from) at least some of the other fungi. In washed or unwashed plant fragments of larch litter (F-layer) only occasional local growth and resting spore formation occurred. Extra nutrients did not facilitate colonisation. Alternative forms of repetitional conidia showed a strong association with plant fragments but not with cadavers.
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alternative repetitional conidia in Conidiobolus adiaeretus development and germination
Fungal Biology, 2000Co-Authors: Arthur A Callaghan, Steven D Waters, Robert J ManningAbstract:We report the ability of Conidiobolus adiaeretus to form repetitional microconidia and capilliconidia. Detailed descriptions of development and germination are given. This is the first report of any entomophthoralean fungus producing both these alternative conidial types. This cuts across current definitions of subgenera in Conidiobolus which are based on the absence of these conidial types or on the presence of either microconidia or capilliconidia but not both. Co-occurrence of both these spore types, along with the unusual mode of formation of the microconidia, and the ability to derive capilliconidia directly from the latter, reinforce other features which set C. adiaeretus apart. Taxonomic, evolutionary and ecological implications are briefly discussed.
Bo Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a novel non segmented double stranded rna virus isolated from the basal fungus Conidiobolus sp
Archives of Virology, 2020Co-Authors: Guogen Yang, Fei Hu, Ping Wang, Bo HuangAbstract:Mycoviruses are widely distributed in a variety of fungal species. However, few viruses have been reported in basal fungi. A novel non-segmented dsRNA virus was isolated from the basal fungus Conidiobolus sp. of the phylum Zoopagomycota, which has been named "Conidiobolus non-segmented RNA virus 1" (CNRV1). The complete genome sequence of CNRV1 was determined by dsRNA extraction, next-generation sequencing, and RACE. The genome of CNRV1 dsRNA is 3,092 bp in length and contains two open reading frames (ORFs) predicted to encode a subgenomic protein 1 (sgP1) and a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp sequences from selected dsRNA viruses showed that CNRV1 shared 31.9% sequence identity with Nigrospora oryzae unassigned RNA virus 1 (NoNRV1) and clustered with NoNRV1 and four other mycoviruses. These viruses are unassigned and distant from members of the family Partitiviridae, although they were previously considered partitivirus-like viruses. Thus, CNRV1 is a novel member of proposed genus "Unirnavirus", and is the first dsRNA sequence reported from a member of the phylum Zoopagomycota. This study extends our knowledge about mycoviruses in basal fungi.
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genome wide study of saprotrophy related genes in the basal fungus Conidiobolus heterosporus
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2020Co-Authors: Yulong Wang, Deshui Yu, Yang Yang, Bo HuangAbstract:: Conidiobolus spp. are important saprophytic basal fungi. However, to date, no genomic-level data for decaying plant materials in the genus Conidiobolus has been reported. Here, we report that the 33.4-Mb genome of Conidiobolus heterosporus encodes 10,857 predicted genes. Conidiobolus heterosporus harbors 394 CAZyme-encoding genes belonging to 4 major modules but does not encode a polysaccharide lyase (PL). Many carbohydrate esterases (CEs) belonging to the family CE12 play crucial roles as pectin acetylesterases, and 14 genes were upregulated in the IM (fungus grown on inducing medium) among 17 expressed CE12 family genes. In addition, most of the genes in the GH132 CAZyme family showed a greater than 5-fold increase in expression in the IM compared with that in the wild type. Furthermore, 122 P450-encoding genes grouped into 11 families were detected in the fungal genome, most of which belonged to the CYP547 family (36 genes) followed by CYP548 (27 genes) and CYP5856 (25 genes). Interestingly, members of the families CYP5014 and CYP5136 were identified, the first time such enzymes have been described in a fungus. Our findings provide new insights into the genomics and genomic features of the saprophytic basal fungus C. heterosporus.Key Points• Genome of the saprobiotic basal fungus C. heterosporus was sequenced and analyzed.• 394 CAZymes but no PL family genes were found and expression levels were determined.• CE12 and GH132 proteins may play roles in the pectin and plant material degradation.• A large number of P450s but few P450 families existed in the fungus.
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a taxonomic revision of the genus Conidiobolus ancylistaceae entomophthorales four clades including three new genera
MycoKeys, 2020Co-Authors: Deshui Yu, Chengfang Wang, Bo HuangAbstract:: The genus Conidiobolus is an important group in entomophthoroid fungi and is considered to be polyphyletic in recent molecular phylogenies. To re-evaluate and delimit this genus, multi-locus phylogenetic analyses were performed using the large and small subunits of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nucLSU and nucSSU), the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal DNA (mtSSU) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α). The results indicated that the Conidiobolus is not monophyletic, being grouped into a paraphyletic grade with four clades. Consequently, the well-known Conidiobolus is revised and three new genera Capillidium, MicroConidiobolus and NeoConidiobolus are proposed along with one new record and 22 new combinations. In addition, the genus Basidiobolus is found to be basal to the other entomophthoroid taxa and the genus Batkoa locates in the Entomophthoraceae clade.
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two new species of Conidiobolus occurring in anhui china
Mycological Progress, 2018Co-Authors: Deshui Yu, Bo HuangAbstract:Two new species of Conidiobolus were isolated from Anhui Province, China. A polyphasic taxonomic approach comprising morphological characteristics and molecular data (the nuclear large subunit of ribosomal DNA and the translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene sequences) was applied to determine their novel taxonomic status in the genus Conidiobolus. The new species C. mirabilis is a sister group to C. thromoides, but morphologically differs by smaller primary conidia and a unique formation of zygospores among two to four adjacent hyphal segments. The other new species C. pachyzygosporus characterized with thick-walled zygospores is phylogenetically closely related to C. antarcticus, C. couchii, and C. osmodes.
E B Bachli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rhinofacial Conidiobolus coronatus infection presenting with nasal enlargement
Infection, 2008Co-Authors: N Fischer, Ch Ruef, C Ebnother, E B BachliAbstract:Rhinofacial Conidiobolus coronatus infection is a rare form of zygomycosis in humans living in the northern hemispheres. Most human cases are observed in the periequatorial areas of Africa, Asia, or South America. Only limited information regarding optimal treatment is available. We report a case of rhinofacial C. coronatus infection in an emigrated Sudanese patient. The infection was successfully treated with terbinafin and itraconazole for 12 months. Diagnosis was confirmed by microbiological culture from a tissue biopsy. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of this organism was not predictive of optimal therapy.
Luiz Carlos Cuce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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entomoftoromicose rinofacial por Conidiobolus coronatus registro de um caso tratado com sucesso pelo fluconazol
Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo, 1992Co-Authors: Luiz Gonzaga Souza Filho, Marcello Menta Simonsen Nico, A Salebian, Elisabeth Maria Heinsvaccari, Luiz G M Castro, Mirian Nacagami Sotto, Carlos Da Silva Lacaz, Jose Eduardo Costa Martins, Suzana Lu Chen Wu, Luiz Carlos CuceAbstract:A case of rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus is reported in a 30 years old male from Sao Paulo, Brazil. The patient was successfully treated with oral fluconazole in a prolonged regimen. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological and mycological data.
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Rhinofacial zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolum coronatus
Mycopathologia, 1991Co-Authors: Alcyr Ribeiro Costa, Edward Porto, José Roberto Pereira Pegas, Vitor Manuel Silva Dos Reis, Mario Cezar Pires, Carlos Da Silva Lacaz, Maria Conceiçäo Rodrigues, Helena Müller, Luiz Carlos CuceAbstract:A case of rhinofacial zygomycosis with of years duration, caused by Conidiobolus coronatus is described. The patient, a 72-years-old woman, presented with a bilateral distortion of the subcutaneous tissue and disfigurement of the face. Treatment with ketoconazole and potasium iodide did not prevent several relapses. At present she is still under treatment with fluconazole with clinical healing. Histopathological and mycological examination confirmed the dermatological diagnosis. An increasing number of cases of zygomycosis caused by fungi of the order Entomophthorales have also been reported in the Northern and Northeastern States of Brazil.
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rhinofacial zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus a case report
Mycopathologia, 1991Co-Authors: Alcyr Ribeiro Costa, Carlos Da Silva Lacaz, Edward Porto, José Roberto Pereira Pegas, Vitor Manuel Silva Dos Reis, Mario Cezar Pires, Maria Conceiçäo Rodrigues, Helena Müller, Luiz Carlos CuceAbstract:A case of rhinofacial zygomycosis with of years duration, caused by Conidiobolus coronatus is described. The patient, a 72-years-old woman, presented with a bilateral distortion of the subcutaneous tissue and disfigurement of the face. Treatment with ketoconazole and potasium iodide did not prevent several relapses. At present she is still under treatment with fluconazole with clinical healing. Histopathological and mycological examination confirmed the dermatological diagnosis. An increasing number of cases of zygomycosis caused by fungi of the order Entomophthorales have also been reported in the Northern and Northeastern States of Brazil.