The Experts below are selected from a list of 168 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David Pilcher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prognostic accuracy of age-adapted SOFA, SIRS, PELOD-2, and qSOFA for in-hospital mortality among children with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit
Intensive Care Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Luregn J. Schlapbach, Lahn Straney, Rinaldo Bellomo, Graeme Maclaren, David PilcherAbstract:Purpose The Sepsis-3 Consensus Task force defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. However, the clinical criteria for this definition were neither designed for nor validated in children. We validated the performance of SIRS, age-adapted SOFA, quick SOFA and PELOD-2 scores as predictors of outcome in children. Methods We performed a multicentre binational cohort study of patients
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prognostic accuracy of age adapted sofa sirs pelod 2 and qsofa for in hospital mortality among children with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit
Intensive Care Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Luregn J. Schlapbach, Lahn Straney, Rinaldo Bellomo, Graeme Maclaren, David PilcherAbstract:The Sepsis-3 Consensus Task force defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. However, the clinical criteria for this definition were neither designed for nor validated in children. We validated the performance of SIRS, age-adapted SOFA, quick SOFA and PELOD-2 scores as predictors of outcome in children. We performed a multicentre binational cohort study of patients < 18 years admitted with infection to ICUs in Australia and New Zealand. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. SIRS, age-adapted SOFA, quick SOFA and PELOD-2 scores were compared using crude and adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis. Of 2594 paediatric ICU admissions due to infection, 151 (5.8%) children died, and 949/2594 (36.6%) patients died or experienced an ICU length of stay ≥ 3 days. A ≥ 2-point increase in the individual score was associated with a crude mortality increase from 3.1 to 6.8% for SIRS, from 1.9 to 7.6% for age-adapted SOFA, from 1.7 to 7.3% for PELOD-2, and from 3.9 to 8.1% for qSOFA (p < 0.001). The discrimination of outcomes was significantly higher for SOFA (adjusted AUROC 0.829; 0.791–0.868) and PELOD-2 (0.816; 0.777–0.854) than for qSOFA (0.739; 0.695–0.784) and SIRS (0.710; 0.664–0.756). SIRS criteria lack specificity to identify children with infection at substantially higher risk of mortality. We demonstrate that adapting Sepsis-3 to age-specific criteria performs better than Sepsis-2-based criteria. Our findings support the translation of Sepsis-3 into paediatric-specific sepsis definitions and highlight the importance of robust paediatric organ dysfunction characterization.
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Prognostic accuracy of age-adapted SOFA, SIRS, PELOD-2, and qSOFA for in-hospital mortality among children with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit
Intensive care medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Luregn J. Schlapbach, Lahn Straney, Rinaldo Bellomo, Graeme Maclaren, David PilcherAbstract:The Sepsis-3 Consensus Task force defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. However, the clinical criteria for this definition were neither designed for nor validated in children. We validated the performance of SIRS, age-adapted SOFA, quick SOFA and PELOD-2 scores as predictors of outcome in children. We performed a multicentre binational cohort study of patients
Sylvia Fernanda Garza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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behavioral traits that define social dominance are the same that reduce social influence in a Consensus Task
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Mariana Rodriguezsantiago, Paul Nuehrenberg, James Derry, Oliver Deussen, Fritz Francisco, Linda Karen Garrison, Sylvia Fernanda GarzaAbstract:Dominant individuals are often most influential in their social groups, affecting movement, opinion, and performance across species and contexts. Yet, behavioral traits like aggression, intimidation, and coercion, which are associated with and in many cases define dominance, can be socially aversive. The traits that make dominant individuals influential in one context may therefore reduce their influence in other contexts. Here, we examine this association between dominance and influence using the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, comparing the influence of dominant and subordinate males during normal social interactions and in a more complex group Consensus association Task. We find that phenotypically dominant males are aggressive, socially central, and that these males have a strong influence over normal group movement, whereas subordinate males are passive, socially peripheral, and have little influence over normal movement. However, subordinate males have the greatest influence in generating group Consensus during the association Task. Dominant males are spatially distant and have lower signal-to-noise ratios of informative behavior in the association Task, potentially interfering with their ability to generate group Consensus. In contrast, subordinate males are physically close to other group members, have a high signal-to-noise ratio of informative behavior, and equivalent visual connectedness to their group as dominant males. The behavioral traits that define effective social influence are thus highly context specific and can be dissociated with social dominance. Thus, processes of hierarchical ascension in which the most aggressive, competitive, or coercive individuals rise to positions of dominance may be counterproductive in contexts where group performance is prioritized.
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behavioral traits that define social dominance are the same that reduce social influence in a Consensus Task
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Mariana Rodriguezsantiago, Paul Nuehrenberg, James Derry, Oliver Deussen, Fritz Francisco, Linda Karen Garrison, Sylvia Fernanda Garza, Hans A Hofmann, Alex JordanAbstract:In many species, cultures, and contexts, social dominance reflects the ability to exert influence over others, and the question of what makes an effective leader is pertinent to a range of disciplines and contexts. While dominant individuals are often assumed to be most influential, the behavioral traits that make them dominant may also make them socially aversive and thereby reduce their influence. Here we examine the influence of dominant and subordinate males on group behavior in different social contexts using the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. We find that phenotypically dominant males display behavioral traits that typify leadership across taxonomic systems - aggressive, social centrality, and movement leadership, while subordinate males are passive, socially peripheral, and have little influence over movement. However, in a more complex group-Consensus Task involving visual cue associations, subordinate males become the most effective agents of social change. We find that dominant males are spatially distant and have lower signal-to-noise ratios of informative behavior in the association Task, potentially interfering with their ability to generate group-Consensus. In contrast, subordinate males are physically close to other group members, have high signal-to-noise behaviors in the association Task, and visual connectivity to other group members equal to that of dominant males. The attributes that define effective social influence are therefore highly context-specific, with socially and phenotypically dominant males being influential in routine but not complex social scenarios. These results demonstrate that behavioral traits that are typical of socially dominant individuals may actually reduce their social influence in other contexts.
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socially dominant aggressive males are poor influencers of group Consensus in a social fish
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Mariana Rodriguezsantiago, Paul Nuehrenberg, James Derry, Oliver Deussen, Fritz Francisco, Linda Karen Garrison, Sylvia Fernanda Garza, Hans A Hofmann, Alex JordanAbstract:In many species, cultures, and contexts, social dominance reflects the ability to exert influence over the behavior of others. Yet the behavioral attributes of those in dominant positions, and the behaviors of actually influential individuals may not be the same, and the behavioral attributes that generate influence in one social context may reduce influence in others. The question of what makes an effective leader is therefore not straightforward, and has many answers depending on the context in which leadership and influence is to be manifested. Most importantly, social dominance cannot always be assumed to be equivalent with social influence. Here we examine whether socially dominant males in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni are more effective in exerting social influence than socially subordinate males. Using machine-vision based automated tracking of behavior, we find that dominant males in this species display behavioral traits that typify leadership across taxonomic systems - they are aggressive, occupy central social network positions, and lead group movements, whereas subordinate males are passive, socially peripheral, and have little influence over typical group movement. However, in a more complex group-Consensus Task the influence of dominant males breaks down, and subordinate males become more effective agents of social change. In a more sophisticated group Consensus Task involving a visual association Task, the behavioral attributes that define male dominance - aggression, rapid movement, and increased physical distance to others - interfere with the ability of dominant males to generate group to Consensus. Dominant males occupy more spatially distant positions, and had lower signal-to-noise ratio of informative behavior in the association Task, while subordinate males are typically is close physical association with their group members, have high signal-to-noise behaviors in the association Task, and equal visual connectivity to other group members as dominant males. The attributes that define effective social influence are therefore highly context-specific in this species. These results demonstrate that in this and many other species including humans, behavioral traits that are typical of socially dominant individuals may be the same that reduce their social influence in other contexts.
Graeme Maclaren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prognostic accuracy of age-adapted SOFA, SIRS, PELOD-2, and qSOFA for in-hospital mortality among children with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit
Intensive Care Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Luregn J. Schlapbach, Lahn Straney, Rinaldo Bellomo, Graeme Maclaren, David PilcherAbstract:Purpose The Sepsis-3 Consensus Task force defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. However, the clinical criteria for this definition were neither designed for nor validated in children. We validated the performance of SIRS, age-adapted SOFA, quick SOFA and PELOD-2 scores as predictors of outcome in children. Methods We performed a multicentre binational cohort study of patients
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prognostic accuracy of age adapted sofa sirs pelod 2 and qsofa for in hospital mortality among children with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit
Intensive Care Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Luregn J. Schlapbach, Lahn Straney, Rinaldo Bellomo, Graeme Maclaren, David PilcherAbstract:The Sepsis-3 Consensus Task force defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. However, the clinical criteria for this definition were neither designed for nor validated in children. We validated the performance of SIRS, age-adapted SOFA, quick SOFA and PELOD-2 scores as predictors of outcome in children. We performed a multicentre binational cohort study of patients < 18 years admitted with infection to ICUs in Australia and New Zealand. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. SIRS, age-adapted SOFA, quick SOFA and PELOD-2 scores were compared using crude and adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis. Of 2594 paediatric ICU admissions due to infection, 151 (5.8%) children died, and 949/2594 (36.6%) patients died or experienced an ICU length of stay ≥ 3 days. A ≥ 2-point increase in the individual score was associated with a crude mortality increase from 3.1 to 6.8% for SIRS, from 1.9 to 7.6% for age-adapted SOFA, from 1.7 to 7.3% for PELOD-2, and from 3.9 to 8.1% for qSOFA (p < 0.001). The discrimination of outcomes was significantly higher for SOFA (adjusted AUROC 0.829; 0.791–0.868) and PELOD-2 (0.816; 0.777–0.854) than for qSOFA (0.739; 0.695–0.784) and SIRS (0.710; 0.664–0.756). SIRS criteria lack specificity to identify children with infection at substantially higher risk of mortality. We demonstrate that adapting Sepsis-3 to age-specific criteria performs better than Sepsis-2-based criteria. Our findings support the translation of Sepsis-3 into paediatric-specific sepsis definitions and highlight the importance of robust paediatric organ dysfunction characterization.
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Prognostic accuracy of age-adapted SOFA, SIRS, PELOD-2, and qSOFA for in-hospital mortality among children with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit
Intensive care medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Luregn J. Schlapbach, Lahn Straney, Rinaldo Bellomo, Graeme Maclaren, David PilcherAbstract:The Sepsis-3 Consensus Task force defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. However, the clinical criteria for this definition were neither designed for nor validated in children. We validated the performance of SIRS, age-adapted SOFA, quick SOFA and PELOD-2 scores as predictors of outcome in children. We performed a multicentre binational cohort study of patients
Luregn J. Schlapbach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prognostic accuracy of age-adapted SOFA, SIRS, PELOD-2, and qSOFA for in-hospital mortality among children with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit
Intensive Care Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Luregn J. Schlapbach, Lahn Straney, Rinaldo Bellomo, Graeme Maclaren, David PilcherAbstract:Purpose The Sepsis-3 Consensus Task force defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. However, the clinical criteria for this definition were neither designed for nor validated in children. We validated the performance of SIRS, age-adapted SOFA, quick SOFA and PELOD-2 scores as predictors of outcome in children. Methods We performed a multicentre binational cohort study of patients
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prognostic accuracy of age adapted sofa sirs pelod 2 and qsofa for in hospital mortality among children with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit
Intensive Care Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Luregn J. Schlapbach, Lahn Straney, Rinaldo Bellomo, Graeme Maclaren, David PilcherAbstract:The Sepsis-3 Consensus Task force defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. However, the clinical criteria for this definition were neither designed for nor validated in children. We validated the performance of SIRS, age-adapted SOFA, quick SOFA and PELOD-2 scores as predictors of outcome in children. We performed a multicentre binational cohort study of patients < 18 years admitted with infection to ICUs in Australia and New Zealand. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. SIRS, age-adapted SOFA, quick SOFA and PELOD-2 scores were compared using crude and adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis. Of 2594 paediatric ICU admissions due to infection, 151 (5.8%) children died, and 949/2594 (36.6%) patients died or experienced an ICU length of stay ≥ 3 days. A ≥ 2-point increase in the individual score was associated with a crude mortality increase from 3.1 to 6.8% for SIRS, from 1.9 to 7.6% for age-adapted SOFA, from 1.7 to 7.3% for PELOD-2, and from 3.9 to 8.1% for qSOFA (p < 0.001). The discrimination of outcomes was significantly higher for SOFA (adjusted AUROC 0.829; 0.791–0.868) and PELOD-2 (0.816; 0.777–0.854) than for qSOFA (0.739; 0.695–0.784) and SIRS (0.710; 0.664–0.756). SIRS criteria lack specificity to identify children with infection at substantially higher risk of mortality. We demonstrate that adapting Sepsis-3 to age-specific criteria performs better than Sepsis-2-based criteria. Our findings support the translation of Sepsis-3 into paediatric-specific sepsis definitions and highlight the importance of robust paediatric organ dysfunction characterization.
-
Prognostic accuracy of age-adapted SOFA, SIRS, PELOD-2, and qSOFA for in-hospital mortality among children with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit
Intensive care medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Luregn J. Schlapbach, Lahn Straney, Rinaldo Bellomo, Graeme Maclaren, David PilcherAbstract:The Sepsis-3 Consensus Task force defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. However, the clinical criteria for this definition were neither designed for nor validated in children. We validated the performance of SIRS, age-adapted SOFA, quick SOFA and PELOD-2 scores as predictors of outcome in children. We performed a multicentre binational cohort study of patients
Paul Nuehrenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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behavioral traits that define social dominance are the same that reduce social influence in a Consensus Task
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Mariana Rodriguezsantiago, Paul Nuehrenberg, James Derry, Oliver Deussen, Fritz Francisco, Linda Karen Garrison, Sylvia Fernanda GarzaAbstract:Dominant individuals are often most influential in their social groups, affecting movement, opinion, and performance across species and contexts. Yet, behavioral traits like aggression, intimidation, and coercion, which are associated with and in many cases define dominance, can be socially aversive. The traits that make dominant individuals influential in one context may therefore reduce their influence in other contexts. Here, we examine this association between dominance and influence using the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, comparing the influence of dominant and subordinate males during normal social interactions and in a more complex group Consensus association Task. We find that phenotypically dominant males are aggressive, socially central, and that these males have a strong influence over normal group movement, whereas subordinate males are passive, socially peripheral, and have little influence over normal movement. However, subordinate males have the greatest influence in generating group Consensus during the association Task. Dominant males are spatially distant and have lower signal-to-noise ratios of informative behavior in the association Task, potentially interfering with their ability to generate group Consensus. In contrast, subordinate males are physically close to other group members, have a high signal-to-noise ratio of informative behavior, and equivalent visual connectedness to their group as dominant males. The behavioral traits that define effective social influence are thus highly context specific and can be dissociated with social dominance. Thus, processes of hierarchical ascension in which the most aggressive, competitive, or coercive individuals rise to positions of dominance may be counterproductive in contexts where group performance is prioritized.
-
behavioral traits that define social dominance are the same that reduce social influence in a Consensus Task
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Mariana Rodriguezsantiago, Paul Nuehrenberg, James Derry, Oliver Deussen, Fritz Francisco, Linda Karen Garrison, Sylvia Fernanda Garza, Hans A Hofmann, Alex JordanAbstract:In many species, cultures, and contexts, social dominance reflects the ability to exert influence over others, and the question of what makes an effective leader is pertinent to a range of disciplines and contexts. While dominant individuals are often assumed to be most influential, the behavioral traits that make them dominant may also make them socially aversive and thereby reduce their influence. Here we examine the influence of dominant and subordinate males on group behavior in different social contexts using the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. We find that phenotypically dominant males display behavioral traits that typify leadership across taxonomic systems - aggressive, social centrality, and movement leadership, while subordinate males are passive, socially peripheral, and have little influence over movement. However, in a more complex group-Consensus Task involving visual cue associations, subordinate males become the most effective agents of social change. We find that dominant males are spatially distant and have lower signal-to-noise ratios of informative behavior in the association Task, potentially interfering with their ability to generate group-Consensus. In contrast, subordinate males are physically close to other group members, have high signal-to-noise behaviors in the association Task, and visual connectivity to other group members equal to that of dominant males. The attributes that define effective social influence are therefore highly context-specific, with socially and phenotypically dominant males being influential in routine but not complex social scenarios. These results demonstrate that behavioral traits that are typical of socially dominant individuals may actually reduce their social influence in other contexts.
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socially dominant aggressive males are poor influencers of group Consensus in a social fish
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Mariana Rodriguezsantiago, Paul Nuehrenberg, James Derry, Oliver Deussen, Fritz Francisco, Linda Karen Garrison, Sylvia Fernanda Garza, Hans A Hofmann, Alex JordanAbstract:In many species, cultures, and contexts, social dominance reflects the ability to exert influence over the behavior of others. Yet the behavioral attributes of those in dominant positions, and the behaviors of actually influential individuals may not be the same, and the behavioral attributes that generate influence in one social context may reduce influence in others. The question of what makes an effective leader is therefore not straightforward, and has many answers depending on the context in which leadership and influence is to be manifested. Most importantly, social dominance cannot always be assumed to be equivalent with social influence. Here we examine whether socially dominant males in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni are more effective in exerting social influence than socially subordinate males. Using machine-vision based automated tracking of behavior, we find that dominant males in this species display behavioral traits that typify leadership across taxonomic systems - they are aggressive, occupy central social network positions, and lead group movements, whereas subordinate males are passive, socially peripheral, and have little influence over typical group movement. However, in a more complex group-Consensus Task the influence of dominant males breaks down, and subordinate males become more effective agents of social change. In a more sophisticated group Consensus Task involving a visual association Task, the behavioral attributes that define male dominance - aggression, rapid movement, and increased physical distance to others - interfere with the ability of dominant males to generate group to Consensus. Dominant males occupy more spatially distant positions, and had lower signal-to-noise ratio of informative behavior in the association Task, while subordinate males are typically is close physical association with their group members, have high signal-to-noise behaviors in the association Task, and equal visual connectivity to other group members as dominant males. The attributes that define effective social influence are therefore highly context-specific in this species. These results demonstrate that in this and many other species including humans, behavioral traits that are typical of socially dominant individuals may be the same that reduce their social influence in other contexts.