The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Johan Rockstrom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conservation Tillage for sustainable agriculture an agrarian revolution gathers momentum in africa
Soil & Tillage Research, 2001Co-Authors: Richard Fowler, Johan RockstromAbstract:Abstract Before the arrival of European agricultural technology, technologies addressing the need for more efficient capture and utilisation of resources were being developed in Africa. Land invasions and displacements, the introduction of technologies more suited to European conditions, and increased use of the mouldboard plough and hand hoe slowed and almost halted this revolution. In recent decades farmers have in some areas regained security of tenure, recognised the potential value of indigenous knowledge, and begun to understand the degradation caused by soil inversion and other ‘modern’ technologies. Conservation Tillage is defined as any cropping system which results in Conservation of natural or other resources, and sustainable agriculture as the use of agricultural practices which conserve water and soil and are environmentally non-degrading, technically appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable. Synergising of the will, findings and knowledge of African farmers and agriculturists with the experience and understanding of other Conservation Tillage researchers, advisers and practitioners throughout the world has resulted in this agrarian revolution gathering momentum. The potential contributions of Conservation Tillage to sustainable agriculture, and the role of the African Conservation Tillage (ACT) network in assisting and facilitating the process, and identifying and prioritising research needs, are discussed.
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Conservation Tillage for sustainable agriculture
Soil and Tillage Research, 2001Co-Authors: Richard Fowler, Johan RockstromAbstract:Before the arrival of European agricultural technology, technologies addressing the need for more efficient capture and utilisation of resources were being developed in Africa. Land invasions and displacements, the introduction of technologies more suited to European conditions, and increased use of the mouldboard plough and hand hoe slowed and almost halted this revolution. In recent decades farmers have in some areas regained security of tenure, recognised the potential value of indigenous knowledge, and begun to understand the degradation caused by soil inversion and other ‘modern’ technologies. Conservation Tillage is defined as any cropping system which results in Conservation of natural or other resources, and sustainable agriculture as the use of agricultural practices which conserve water and soil and are environmentally non-degrading, technically appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable. Synergising of the will, findings and knowledge of African farmers and agriculturists with the experience and understanding of other Conservation Tillage researchers, advisers and practitioners throughout the world has resulted in this agrarian revolution gathering momentum. The potential contributions of Conservation Tillage to sustainable agriculture, and the role of the African Conservation Tillage (ACT) network in assisting and facilitating the process, and identifying and prioritising research needs, are discussed.
W M Edwards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conservation Tillage and macropore factors that affect water movement and the fate of chemicals
Soil & Tillage Research, 2000Co-Authors: M J Shipitalo, Warren A Dick, W M EdwardsAbstract:A thorough understanding of how Conservation Tillage influences water quality is predicated on knowledge of how Tillage affects water movement. This paper summarizes the effects of Conservation Tillage on water movement and quality mainly based on long-term experiments on Luvisols at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, OH, USA. Conservation Tillage can have a much larger effect on how water moves through the soil than it does on the total amount percolating to groundwater. Soil macroporosity and the proportion of rainfall moving through preferential flow paths often increase with the adoption of Conservation Tillage and can contribute to a reduction in surface runoff. In some medium- and fine-textured soils most of the water that moves to the subsoil during the growing season (May-October) is probably transmitted by macropores. If a heavy, intense storm occurs shortly after surface application of an agricultural chemical to soils with well-developed macroporosity, the water transmitted to the subsoil by the macropores may contain significant amounts of applied chemical, up to a few per cent, regardless of the affinity of the chemical for the soil. This amount can be reduced by an order of magnitude or more with the passage of time or if light rainstorms precede the first major leaching event. Because of movement into the soil matrix and sorption, solutes normally strongly adsorbed by the soil should only be subject to leaching in macropores in the first few storms after application. Even under extreme conditions, it is unlikely that the amount of additional adsorbed solute transported to groundwater will exceed a few per cent of the application when Conservation Tillage is used instead of conventional Tillage. In the case of non-adsorbed solutes, such as nitrate, movement into the soil matrix will not preclude further leaching. Therefore, when recharge occurs during the dormant season thorough flushing of the soil, whether macropores are present or not, can move the remaining solutes to groundwater. Thus, the net effect of Tillage treatment on leaching of non-adsorbed solutes should be minimal.
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Conservation Tillage in sustainable agriculture
Sustainable agricultural systems., 1990Co-Authors: Ravendar Lal, D J Eckert, Norman R. Fausey, W M EdwardsAbstract:Sustainable agriculture is here defined as the most economic and efficient use of solar energy in the form of agricultural products without degrading soil fertility or environmental quality. Conservation Tillage methods are discussed in the context of sustainability, energy efficiency and erosion control. Crop yields are considered as a function of the interaction of Tillage and soil factors and climatic factors. In order to achieve maximum benefits from Conservation Tillage a holistic approach considering all factors that affect production is proposed. The role of Conservation Tillage in intensive agriculture is compared with that in subsistence agriculture in terms of energy efficiency.
Richard Fowler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conservation Tillage for sustainable agriculture an agrarian revolution gathers momentum in africa
Soil & Tillage Research, 2001Co-Authors: Richard Fowler, Johan RockstromAbstract:Abstract Before the arrival of European agricultural technology, technologies addressing the need for more efficient capture and utilisation of resources were being developed in Africa. Land invasions and displacements, the introduction of technologies more suited to European conditions, and increased use of the mouldboard plough and hand hoe slowed and almost halted this revolution. In recent decades farmers have in some areas regained security of tenure, recognised the potential value of indigenous knowledge, and begun to understand the degradation caused by soil inversion and other ‘modern’ technologies. Conservation Tillage is defined as any cropping system which results in Conservation of natural or other resources, and sustainable agriculture as the use of agricultural practices which conserve water and soil and are environmentally non-degrading, technically appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable. Synergising of the will, findings and knowledge of African farmers and agriculturists with the experience and understanding of other Conservation Tillage researchers, advisers and practitioners throughout the world has resulted in this agrarian revolution gathering momentum. The potential contributions of Conservation Tillage to sustainable agriculture, and the role of the African Conservation Tillage (ACT) network in assisting and facilitating the process, and identifying and prioritising research needs, are discussed.
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Conservation Tillage for sustainable agriculture
Soil and Tillage Research, 2001Co-Authors: Richard Fowler, Johan RockstromAbstract:Before the arrival of European agricultural technology, technologies addressing the need for more efficient capture and utilisation of resources were being developed in Africa. Land invasions and displacements, the introduction of technologies more suited to European conditions, and increased use of the mouldboard plough and hand hoe slowed and almost halted this revolution. In recent decades farmers have in some areas regained security of tenure, recognised the potential value of indigenous knowledge, and begun to understand the degradation caused by soil inversion and other ‘modern’ technologies. Conservation Tillage is defined as any cropping system which results in Conservation of natural or other resources, and sustainable agriculture as the use of agricultural practices which conserve water and soil and are environmentally non-degrading, technically appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable. Synergising of the will, findings and knowledge of African farmers and agriculturists with the experience and understanding of other Conservation Tillage researchers, advisers and practitioners throughout the world has resulted in this agrarian revolution gathering momentum. The potential contributions of Conservation Tillage to sustainable agriculture, and the role of the African Conservation Tillage (ACT) network in assisting and facilitating the process, and identifying and prioritising research needs, are discussed.
Xiaobin Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conservation Tillage for dryland farming in China
2020Co-Authors: J. Ke, Xiaobin Wang, Willem B. Hoogmoed, Oene Oenema, U.d. PerdokAbstract:Dryland regions account for above 70% of total nation's farmland in China. These dryland are vital contributors to the total national production of grains, cash crops and animal products. However, the development of dryland farming is constrained by harsh climate, bad economic situation and poor knowledge on land management. Even though the Conservation Tillage research and application in dryland regions of China has been actively promoted since 1980s, the conventional Tillage is still prevalent in these regions. The bottleneck for sustainable agriculture in China is still the lack of knowledge amongst both farmers and extension organizations about practices pertained to sustainable land management. In this paper, we analyzed the regional characteristics and regional adaptation of Conservation Tillage systems in China’s dryland regions; reviewed the research conducted on Conservation Tillage in China, and discussed the problems faced with the introduction and application of Conservation Tillage practices in order to gain a better perception of the role of soil Conservation Tillage and promote application of practical technologies for dryland farming systems in China. To ensure a wider adoption of Conservation Tillage, several actions should be strengthened. These include: 1) strengthen the on-the ground, pilot field activates and further intensify the demonstration 2) optimize information, instruction, support and guidance of the farmer 3) enact specific legislation for the development, adoption and implementation of Conservation agriculture.
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developments in Conservation Tillage in rainfed regions of north china
Soil & Tillage Research, 2007Co-Authors: Xiaobin Wang, Willem B. Hoogmoed, Oene Oenema, U.d. PerdokAbstract:Abstract Dryland regions in northern China account for over 50% of the nation's total area, where farming development is constrained by adverse weather, topography and water resource conditions, low fertility soils, and poor soil management. Conservation Tillage research and application in dryland regions of northern China has been developed since the 1970s. Demonstration and extension of Conservation Tillage practices is actively stimulated by the Chinese government since 2002, following the recognition of the increased rate of degradation of the environment due to erosion and water shortage in North China. This paper reviews the research conducted on Conservation Tillage in dryland regions of northern China, and discusses the problems faced with the introduction and application of Conservation Tillage practices. Most of the studies reported have shown positive results of soil and water Conservation Tillage practices. These practices generally involve a reduction in the number and intensity of operations compared to conventional Tillage, with direct sowing or no-till as the strongest reduction. Crop yields and water use efficiency have increased (with up to 35%) following the implementation of reduced Tillage practices. Under no-till, crop yields are equivalent to or higher than those from conventional Tillage methods, especially in dry years. However, during wet years yields tend to be lower (10–15%) with no-till. Other benefits are an increased fallow water storage and reductions in water losses by evaporation. In order to fully exploit the advantages of Conservation Tillage, systems have to be adapted to regional characteristics. Farmers’ adoption of Conservation Tillage is still limited.
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potential effect of Conservation Tillage on sustainable land use a review of global long term studies
Pedosphere, 2006Co-Authors: Xiaobin Wang, W B Hoogmoed, O Oenema, U.d. PerdokAbstract:Although understood differently in different parts of the world, Conservation Tillage usually includes leaving crop residues on the soil surface to reduce Tillage. Through a global review of long-term Conservation Tillage research, this paper discusses the long-term effect of Conservation Tillage on sustainable land use, nutrient availability and crop yield response. Research has shown several potential benefits associated with Conservation Tillage, such as potential carbon sequestration, nutrient availability, and yield response. This research would provide a better perspective of the role of soil Conservation Tillage and hold promise in promoting application of practical technologies for dryland farming systems in China.
U.d. Perdok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conservation Tillage for dryland farming in China
2020Co-Authors: J. Ke, Xiaobin Wang, Willem B. Hoogmoed, Oene Oenema, U.d. PerdokAbstract:Dryland regions account for above 70% of total nation's farmland in China. These dryland are vital contributors to the total national production of grains, cash crops and animal products. However, the development of dryland farming is constrained by harsh climate, bad economic situation and poor knowledge on land management. Even though the Conservation Tillage research and application in dryland regions of China has been actively promoted since 1980s, the conventional Tillage is still prevalent in these regions. The bottleneck for sustainable agriculture in China is still the lack of knowledge amongst both farmers and extension organizations about practices pertained to sustainable land management. In this paper, we analyzed the regional characteristics and regional adaptation of Conservation Tillage systems in China’s dryland regions; reviewed the research conducted on Conservation Tillage in China, and discussed the problems faced with the introduction and application of Conservation Tillage practices in order to gain a better perception of the role of soil Conservation Tillage and promote application of practical technologies for dryland farming systems in China. To ensure a wider adoption of Conservation Tillage, several actions should be strengthened. These include: 1) strengthen the on-the ground, pilot field activates and further intensify the demonstration 2) optimize information, instruction, support and guidance of the farmer 3) enact specific legislation for the development, adoption and implementation of Conservation agriculture.
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developments in Conservation Tillage in rainfed regions of north china
Soil & Tillage Research, 2007Co-Authors: Xiaobin Wang, Willem B. Hoogmoed, Oene Oenema, U.d. PerdokAbstract:Abstract Dryland regions in northern China account for over 50% of the nation's total area, where farming development is constrained by adverse weather, topography and water resource conditions, low fertility soils, and poor soil management. Conservation Tillage research and application in dryland regions of northern China has been developed since the 1970s. Demonstration and extension of Conservation Tillage practices is actively stimulated by the Chinese government since 2002, following the recognition of the increased rate of degradation of the environment due to erosion and water shortage in North China. This paper reviews the research conducted on Conservation Tillage in dryland regions of northern China, and discusses the problems faced with the introduction and application of Conservation Tillage practices. Most of the studies reported have shown positive results of soil and water Conservation Tillage practices. These practices generally involve a reduction in the number and intensity of operations compared to conventional Tillage, with direct sowing or no-till as the strongest reduction. Crop yields and water use efficiency have increased (with up to 35%) following the implementation of reduced Tillage practices. Under no-till, crop yields are equivalent to or higher than those from conventional Tillage methods, especially in dry years. However, during wet years yields tend to be lower (10–15%) with no-till. Other benefits are an increased fallow water storage and reductions in water losses by evaporation. In order to fully exploit the advantages of Conservation Tillage, systems have to be adapted to regional characteristics. Farmers’ adoption of Conservation Tillage is still limited.
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potential effect of Conservation Tillage on sustainable land use a review of global long term studies
Pedosphere, 2006Co-Authors: Xiaobin Wang, W B Hoogmoed, O Oenema, U.d. PerdokAbstract:Although understood differently in different parts of the world, Conservation Tillage usually includes leaving crop residues on the soil surface to reduce Tillage. Through a global review of long-term Conservation Tillage research, this paper discusses the long-term effect of Conservation Tillage on sustainable land use, nutrient availability and crop yield response. Research has shown several potential benefits associated with Conservation Tillage, such as potential carbon sequestration, nutrient availability, and yield response. This research would provide a better perspective of the role of soil Conservation Tillage and hold promise in promoting application of practical technologies for dryland farming systems in China.