The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mahdi Alkaisi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tillage and crop residue effects on soil carbon and carbon dioxide emission in corn soybean rotations
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2005Co-Authors: Mahdi AlkaisiAbstract:Soil C change and CO 2 emission due to different Tillage systems need to be evaluated to encourage the adoption of conservation practices to sustain soil productivity and protect the environment. We hypothesize that soil C storage and CO 2 emission respond to conservation Tillage differently from conventional Tillage because of their differential effects on soil properties. This study was conducted from 1998 through 2001 to evaluate Tillage effects on soil C storage and CO 2 emission in Clarion-Nicollet-Webster soil association in a corn [Zea mays L.]-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation in Iowa. Treatments included no-Tillage with and without residue, strip-Tillage, deep rip, chisel plow, and moldboard plow. No-Tillage with residue and strip-Tillage significantly increased total soil organic C (TC) and mineral fraction C (MFC) at the 0- to 5- and 5- to 10-cm soil depths compared with chisel plow after 3 yr of Tillage practices. Soil CO 2 emission was lower for less intensive Tillage treatments compared with moldboard plow, with the greatest differences occurring immediately after Tillage operations. Cumulative soil CO 2 emission was 19 to 41% lower for less intensive Tillage treatments than moldboard plow, and it was 24% less for no-Tillage with residue than without residue during the 480-h measurement period. Estimated soil mineralizable C pool was reduced by 22 to 66% with less intensive Tillage treatments compared with moldboard plow. Adopting less intensive Tillage systems such as no-Tillage, strip-Tillage, deep rip, and chisel plow and better crop residue cover are effective in reducing CO 2 emission and thus improving soil C sequestration in a corn-soybean rotation.
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strip Tillage effect on seedbed soil temperature and other soil physical properties
Soil & Tillage Research, 2005Co-Authors: Mark A. Licht, Mahdi AlkaisiAbstract:The no-Tillage system is perceived as having lower soil temperatures, wetter soil conditions, and greater surface penetration resistance compared with conventional and other conservation Tillage systems. Concerns associated with the effect of the no-Tillage system on certain soil physical properties (i.e. soil temperature, moisture, and compaction) prompted this study to evaluate the effect of an alternative Tillage system, strip-Tillage, on these physical properties, compared with chisel plow and no-Tillage systems. The study was conducted on two Iowa State University research and demonstration farms in 2001 and 2002. One site was at the Marsden Farm near Ames, where the soils were Nicollet loam (Aquic Hapludolls) and Webster silty clay loam (Typic Haplaquolls). The second site was at the Northeast Research and Demonstration Farm near Nashua, where the soils were Kenyon loam (Typic Hapludolls) and Floyd loam (Aquic Hapludolls). Soil temperature increased in the top 5 cm under strip-Tillage (1.2–1.4 ◦ C) over no-Tillage and it remained close to the chisel plow soil temperature. This increase in soil temperature contributed to an improvement in plant emergence rate index (ERI) under strip-Tillage compared with no-Tillage. The results show no significant differences in soil moisture status between the three Tillage systems, although the strip-Tillage soil profile has slightly greater moisture content than chisel plow. Moisture content through the soil profile particularly at the lower depths under all Tillage treatments was greater than the plant available water (PAW). However, the changes in soil moisture storage were much greater with strip-Tillage and chisel plow than no-Tillage from post-emergence to preharvest at 0–30 and 0–120 cm. It was observed also that most change in soil moisture storage occurred between post-emergence and tasseling. Penetration resistance was similar for both strip-Tillage and no-Tillage, but commonly greater than chisel plow. In general, the findings show that strip-Tillage can contribute effectively to improve plant emergence, similar to chisel plowing and conserve soil moisture effectively compared with no-Tillage. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Tomas Rydberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Crop yield in Swedish experiments with shallow Tillage and no-Tillage 1983–2012
European Journal of Agronomy, 2014Co-Authors: Johan Arvidsson, Ararso Etana, Tomas RydbergAbstract:Abstract Crop yield data from 918 experimental years with shallow (5–10 cm) non-inversion Tillage and 226 experimental years with no-Tillage conducted in the period 1983–2012 were analysed, especially regarding effects of crop, preceding crop, soil type and duration of Tillage system. For all experiments with shallow Tillage, crop yield was 1.8% lower than for mouldboard ploughing. Yield of spring cereals and spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was similar for the two systems, while yield of peas (Pisum vulgare L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was 5–10% lower for shallow Tillage. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in particular was much affected by preceding crop, with lower relative yield for shallow Tillage with cereal as the preceding crop. For no-Tillage, relative yield was on average 9.8% lower than for mouldboard ploughing, with the greatest yield losses for spring-sown crops. Plant establishment was similar for shallow Tillage and mouldboard ploughing, but lower with no-Tillage. There was no obvious trend in crop yield over time in long-term experiments with shallow Tillage, indicating that in terms of crop yield, primary Tillage systems can be chosen depending on the conditions in a specific year. The results indicate that compaction in reduced Tillage under Swedish conditions was a minor problem for cereals, whereas dicots were more sensitive to compaction. The major problems in reduced Tillage were caused by plant residues and, in no-Tillage, by poor establishment due to the lack of a seedbed. Overall, the results show that under Swedish climate conditions, shallow Tillage can give similar yields to mouldboard ploughing. For no-Tillage, the system has to be improved to secure plant establishment and crop yield.
Mark A. Licht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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No-Tillage, Strip-Tillage, and Chisel Plow Tillage Trial
2012Co-Authors: Mark A. Licht, Zachary A Koopman, Kent R. BernsAbstract:Materials and Methods This trial was conducted in 2011 with the strip-Tillage and chisel plow Tillage being applied in the falls of 2010 and 2011. In both the strip-Tillage and chisel plow treatments, 200 lb N/acre was applied as anhydrous ammonia at the same time as Tillage. Urea ammonium nitrate was applied at the rate of 200 lb N/acre at V5 stage corn for the noTillage treatment. No additional phosphorus and potassium was applied based on soil test levels for the plot area. Pioneer 33W84 was planted on May 6, 2011 at 34,000 seeds/acre. On May 14, 2012, Pioneer 1162AM was planted at 36,000 seeds/acre. In both years the prior crop was corn. Each plow was 30 ft wide by 450 ft long.
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strip Tillage effect on seedbed soil temperature and other soil physical properties
Soil & Tillage Research, 2005Co-Authors: Mark A. Licht, Mahdi AlkaisiAbstract:The no-Tillage system is perceived as having lower soil temperatures, wetter soil conditions, and greater surface penetration resistance compared with conventional and other conservation Tillage systems. Concerns associated with the effect of the no-Tillage system on certain soil physical properties (i.e. soil temperature, moisture, and compaction) prompted this study to evaluate the effect of an alternative Tillage system, strip-Tillage, on these physical properties, compared with chisel plow and no-Tillage systems. The study was conducted on two Iowa State University research and demonstration farms in 2001 and 2002. One site was at the Marsden Farm near Ames, where the soils were Nicollet loam (Aquic Hapludolls) and Webster silty clay loam (Typic Haplaquolls). The second site was at the Northeast Research and Demonstration Farm near Nashua, where the soils were Kenyon loam (Typic Hapludolls) and Floyd loam (Aquic Hapludolls). Soil temperature increased in the top 5 cm under strip-Tillage (1.2–1.4 ◦ C) over no-Tillage and it remained close to the chisel plow soil temperature. This increase in soil temperature contributed to an improvement in plant emergence rate index (ERI) under strip-Tillage compared with no-Tillage. The results show no significant differences in soil moisture status between the three Tillage systems, although the strip-Tillage soil profile has slightly greater moisture content than chisel plow. Moisture content through the soil profile particularly at the lower depths under all Tillage treatments was greater than the plant available water (PAW). However, the changes in soil moisture storage were much greater with strip-Tillage and chisel plow than no-Tillage from post-emergence to preharvest at 0–30 and 0–120 cm. It was observed also that most change in soil moisture storage occurred between post-emergence and tasseling. Penetration resistance was similar for both strip-Tillage and no-Tillage, but commonly greater than chisel plow. In general, the findings show that strip-Tillage can contribute effectively to improve plant emergence, similar to chisel plowing and conserve soil moisture effectively compared with no-Tillage. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Amber Moore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fall and spring Tillage effects on sugarbeet production
Journal of Sugarbeet Research, 2015Co-Authors: David D. Tarkalson, David L. Bjorneberg, Amber MooreAbstract:The ability to vary primary Tillage timing between fall and spring for sugarbeet production could benefit producers by providing flexibility for when field work occurs and may allow earlier planting in the spring. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of strip and conventional Tillage conducted in the spring and fall under various N supply levels on sugarbeet production in the northwest U.S. The treatments included Tillage time (fall and spring), Tillage system (moldboard plow, chisel plow and strip Tillage), and N supply (5 levels including a control). The study was conducted in Kimberly, ID in 2008 and 2009 on a Portneuf silt loam. Within each year and Tillage type, estimated recoverable sucrose and root yields were not different between fall and spring Tillage timings. These data suggest that sugarbeet growers in the northwest U.S. have flexibility in timing their Tillage practices across various Tillage systems.
Marion Casagrande - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Shallow non-inversion Tillage in organic farming maintains crop yields and increases soil C stocks: a meta-analysis
Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2016Co-Authors: Julia Cooper, Majimcha Nobel-de Lange, Alfred Berner, Christopher Brock, Josephine Peigne, Paolo Bàrberi, Marcin Barański, Gavin Stewart, Andreas Fliessbach, Marion CasagrandeAbstract:Reduced Tillage is increasingly promoted to improve sustainability and productivity of agricultural systems. Nonetheless, adoption of reduced Tillage by organic farmers has been slow due to concerns about nutrient supply, soil structure, and weeds that may limit yields. Here, we compiled the results from both published and unpublished research comparing deep or shallow inversion Tillage, with various categories of reduced Tillage under organic management. Shallow refers to less than 25 cm. We found that (1) division of reduced Tillage practices into different classes with varying degrees of intensity allowed us to assess the trade-offs between reductions in Tillage intensity, crop yields, weed incidence, and soil C stocks. (2) Reducing Tillage intensity in organic systems reduced crop yields by an average of 7.6 % relative to deep inversion Tillage with no significant reduction in yield relative to shallow inversion Tillage. (3) Among the different classes of reduced Tillage practice, shallow non-inversion Tillage resulted in non-significant reductions in yield relative to deep inversion; whereas deep non-inversion Tillage resulted in the largest yield reduction, of 11.6 %. (4) Using inversion Tillage to only a shallow depth resulted in minimal reductions in yield, of 5.5 %, but significantly higher soil C stocks and better weed control. This finding suggests that this is a good option for organic farmers wanting to improve soil quality while minimizing impacts on yields. (5) Weeds were consistently higher, by about 50 %, when Tillage intensity was reduced, although this did not always result in reduced yields.
