The Experts below are selected from a list of 77397 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ashok Chapagain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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water footprints of nations water use by people as a function of their Consumption Pattern
Water Resources Management, 2006Co-Authors: Arjen Ysbert Hoekstra, Ashok ChapagainAbstract:The water footprint shows the extent of water use in relation to Consumption of people. The water footprint of a country is defined as the volume of water needed for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the country. The internal water footprint is the volume of water used from domestic water resources; the external water footprint is the volume of water used in other countries to produce goods and services imported and consumed by the inhabitants of the country. The study calculates the water footprint for each nation of the world for the period 1997-2001. The USA appears to have an average water footprint of 2480 m 3 /cap/yr, while China has an average footprint of 700 m 3 /cap/yr. The global average water footprint is 1240 m 3 /cap/yr. The four major direct
Arjen Ysbert Hoekstra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Water Footprints: The Water Needs of People in Relation to Their Consumption Pattern
2007Co-Authors: Arjen Ysbert HoekstraAbstract:The water footprint shows the extent and the locations of water use in relation to Consumption of people. The water footprint of a country is defined as the volume of water needed for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the country. The internal water footprint is the volume of water used from domestic water resources; the external water footprint is the water used in other countries. Water footprints of individuals or nations can be estimated by multiplying the volumes of goods consumed by their respective water requirement. The United States appears to have an average water footprint of 2480 m 3 /cap/yr, while China has an average footprint of 700 m 3 /cap/yr. The global average water footprint is 1240 m 3 /cap/yr. The four major factors determining the water footprint of a country are: volume of Consumption (related to the gross national income); Consumption Pattern (e.g., high versus low meat Consumption); climate (growth conditions); and agricultural practice (water use efficiency).
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water footprints of nations water use by people as a function of their Consumption Pattern
Water Resources Management, 2006Co-Authors: Arjen Ysbert Hoekstra, Ashok ChapagainAbstract:The water footprint shows the extent of water use in relation to Consumption of people. The water footprint of a country is defined as the volume of water needed for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the country. The internal water footprint is the volume of water used from domestic water resources; the external water footprint is the volume of water used in other countries to produce goods and services imported and consumed by the inhabitants of the country. The study calculates the water footprint for each nation of the world for the period 1997-2001. The USA appears to have an average water footprint of 2480 m 3 /cap/yr, while China has an average footprint of 700 m 3 /cap/yr. The global average water footprint is 1240 m 3 /cap/yr. The four major direct
Graham G Giles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alcohol intake Consumption Pattern and beverage type and the risk of type 2 diabetes
Diabetic Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Allison M Hodge, Dallas R English, Kerin Odea, Graham G GilesAbstract:Aims To examine associations between amount and frequency of alcohol Consumption, and Type 2 diabetes. Methods A prospective study of 36 527 adults aged 40-69 at baseline. Incident cases of Type 2 diabetes were identified by questionnaire 4 years later. Sex-specific logistic regression models, adjusting for country of birth, dietary glycaemic index, energy intake and age, and in a second model body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR), were used. Results Diabetes status was ascertained for 31422 (86%) participants, and 362 cases identified. Former drinkers had higher risks than lifetime abstainers. Female drinkers had lower risk than lifetime abstainers (ORs = 20 g/day 0.46, 0.24-0.88, P trend = 0.005). There was no relationship after adjustment for body size. For men, a weak inverse association was observed after adjustment for body size (ORs relative to lifetime abstainers: = 210 g over 1-3 days had an increased risk of diabetes (OR 5.21, 1.79-15.19), while the same amount over more days did not increase risk. Conclusions Total alcohol intake was associated with reduced risk only in women. Alcohol from wine was associated with reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes. A high daily intake of alcohol, even on only 1-3 days a week, may increase the risk of diabetes in men.
Siby John - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trend in household energy Consumption Pattern in india a case study on the influence of socio cultural factors for the choice of clean fuel use
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Khaiwal Ravindra, Maninder Kaursidhu, Suman Mor, Siby JohnAbstract:Abstract Solid biomass fuel use is closely intertwined with the life of rural households in Asia. However, its Consumption and demand vary significantly across different countries, states and in various agro-climatic zones. Uses of solid biomass fuel in the kitchen not only leads to household air pollution but also influences the air quality in the regions of Indo- Gangetic plains. Considering this, current study assesses the household fuel use Pattern and trend in India. Further, the socio-cultural, economical and behavioral factors which can influence the household fuel choice were evaluated through a case study from Punjab, India using a standard questionnaire. The decadal trend in household energy Consumption Pattern shows that 77.5% of rural households in India rely on solid biomass fuel for cooking. Further, during the last 30 years (upto 2011), only 2% of rural households shifted from solid biomass fuel to cleaner fuels. However, after 2011 data shows significant uptake of the cleaner fuels for the household cooking purposes. Results of the case study show that rural households depend on numerous approaches rather than relying on a particular source of household energy. This contradicts the energy ladder hypothesis of improvement in energy source with an increase in income. Cooking fuel preferences were found to be significantly determined by socio-economic and cultural factors. Thus, providing improved cookstoves or cleaner fuels are not sufficient to attain their sustained use. Hence, the current study highlights the need for effective user-behavior focused interventions to enhance the transition towards cleaner fuel for household energy.
M Bhattacharya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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household energy Consumption Pattern and socio cultural dimensions associated with it a case study of rural haryana india
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2009Co-Authors: Vinod Joon, A Chandra, M BhattacharyaAbstract:A survey of household energy Consumption Pattern was carried out in a village of Jhajjhar district of Haryana, India in the year 2007. The households surveyed covered heterogeneous population belonging to different income, educational and social groups. There was more availability and utilization of solid biomass fuels as energy resources in domestic sector as compared to the commercial fuels. Dung cakes, crop residues and firewood were found to be the three main fuels used for cooking, though LPG was also used along with biomass fuels. But complete conversion to cleaner fuels has not taken place yet even in households that has been using LPG for many years. Income was an important factor determining the choice of fuel for cooking, but there were some socio-cultural factors which were equally important in making fuel preferences at household level.
