The Experts below are selected from a list of 186969 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Matt W Hayward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk perception by endangered european bison bison bonasus is Context Condition dependent
2015Co-Authors: Matt W Hayward, Sylvia Ortmann, Rafal KowalczykAbstract:Context Patch use can illustrate the contributions that forage quality and foraging risk make in shaping foraging decisions made under the risk of being killed.
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risk perception by endangered european bison bison bonasus is Context Condition dependent
2015Co-Authors: Matt W Hayward, Sylvia Ortmann, Rafal KowalczykAbstract:Patch use can illustrate the contributions that forage quality and foraging risk make in shaping foraging decisions made under the risk of being killed. We aimed to determine whether forage selection by European bison Bison bonasus was state-dependent in being shaped by risk (wolf predation or human poaching/culling avoidance) or nutrient quality at two time periods—early winter (when resources are abundant) and at the end of winter (when resources are scarce)—in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (Poland). We used a giving-up density framework using the proportional consumption of hay provided by humans to measure the perceptions of risk in European bison. European bison resource selection was primarily driven by minimising the distance they travel over open ground in early winter (i.e. avoiding humans), however by the end of winter, when resources are scarce, bison selected haystacks for their nutrient quality (low fibre, high Mg and energy). This study illustrates how resource selection varies according to the Condition of animals (i.e. state-dependency affects the marginal value theorem). It also indicates conservation managers using hay quality may actively manage human–bison conflicts in trouble spots and that bison are currently free from top-down limitation in Bialowieza as they do not perceive wolves as threatening enough to alter their foraging behaviour.
Rafal Kowalczyk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk perception by endangered european bison bison bonasus is Context Condition dependent
2015Co-Authors: Matt W Hayward, Sylvia Ortmann, Rafal KowalczykAbstract:Context Patch use can illustrate the contributions that forage quality and foraging risk make in shaping foraging decisions made under the risk of being killed.
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risk perception by endangered european bison bison bonasus is Context Condition dependent
2015Co-Authors: Matt W Hayward, Sylvia Ortmann, Rafal KowalczykAbstract:Patch use can illustrate the contributions that forage quality and foraging risk make in shaping foraging decisions made under the risk of being killed. We aimed to determine whether forage selection by European bison Bison bonasus was state-dependent in being shaped by risk (wolf predation or human poaching/culling avoidance) or nutrient quality at two time periods—early winter (when resources are abundant) and at the end of winter (when resources are scarce)—in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (Poland). We used a giving-up density framework using the proportional consumption of hay provided by humans to measure the perceptions of risk in European bison. European bison resource selection was primarily driven by minimising the distance they travel over open ground in early winter (i.e. avoiding humans), however by the end of winter, when resources are scarce, bison selected haystacks for their nutrient quality (low fibre, high Mg and energy). This study illustrates how resource selection varies according to the Condition of animals (i.e. state-dependency affects the marginal value theorem). It also indicates conservation managers using hay quality may actively manage human–bison conflicts in trouble spots and that bison are currently free from top-down limitation in Bialowieza as they do not perceive wolves as threatening enough to alter their foraging behaviour.
Sylvia Ortmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk perception by endangered european bison bison bonasus is Context Condition dependent
2015Co-Authors: Matt W Hayward, Sylvia Ortmann, Rafal KowalczykAbstract:Context Patch use can illustrate the contributions that forage quality and foraging risk make in shaping foraging decisions made under the risk of being killed.
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risk perception by endangered european bison bison bonasus is Context Condition dependent
2015Co-Authors: Matt W Hayward, Sylvia Ortmann, Rafal KowalczykAbstract:Patch use can illustrate the contributions that forage quality and foraging risk make in shaping foraging decisions made under the risk of being killed. We aimed to determine whether forage selection by European bison Bison bonasus was state-dependent in being shaped by risk (wolf predation or human poaching/culling avoidance) or nutrient quality at two time periods—early winter (when resources are abundant) and at the end of winter (when resources are scarce)—in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (Poland). We used a giving-up density framework using the proportional consumption of hay provided by humans to measure the perceptions of risk in European bison. European bison resource selection was primarily driven by minimising the distance they travel over open ground in early winter (i.e. avoiding humans), however by the end of winter, when resources are scarce, bison selected haystacks for their nutrient quality (low fibre, high Mg and energy). This study illustrates how resource selection varies according to the Condition of animals (i.e. state-dependency affects the marginal value theorem). It also indicates conservation managers using hay quality may actively manage human–bison conflicts in trouble spots and that bison are currently free from top-down limitation in Bialowieza as they do not perceive wolves as threatening enough to alter their foraging behaviour.
Florin Dolcos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of retrieval focus and emotional valence on the inferior frontal cortex activity during autobiographical recollection
2013Co-Authors: Ekaterina Denkova, Sanda Dolcos, Florin DolcosAbstract:Although available evidence points to a role of the inferior frontal cortex (IFC) in both emotion processing and autobiographical memory (AM) recollection, it is unclear what the role of this region is in emotional AM recollection. The present study investigated whether IFC activity can be influenced by manipulations of the retrieval focus (emotional vs. non-emotional) and whether this influence is similar for AMs with positive and negative emotional valence. Participants were asked to focus either on emotional (Emotion Condition) or on non-emotional Contextual (Context Condition) details during the elaboration of positive and negative AMs, while fMRI data were collected. The study yielded two main findings: (1) Focusing on Emotion compared to Context during AM recollection was associated with increased activity in bilateral IFC, for positive AMs, whereas negative AMs produced similarly high IFC activity during Emotion and Context Conditions; (2) There was a hemispheric dissociation in the IFC linked to the experiencing of emotion and the focus of AM recollection, such that the left IFC activity correlated positively with the subjective re-experience of emotion during the Emotion Condition, whereas the right IFC activity correlated negatively with the subjective re-experience of emotion during the Context Condition, for both positive and negative AMs. Overall, the present findings suggest that IFC’s involvement during the recollection of emotional AMs is susceptible to manipulations of the retrieval focus only in the case of positive AMs, and that this region plays a role in both the enhancement and inhibition of emotional experience during AM recollection.
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the effect of retrieval focus and emotional valence on the medial temporal lobe activity during autobiographical recollection
2013Co-Authors: Ekaterina Denkova, Sanda Dolcos, Florin DolcosAbstract:Laboratory-based episodic memory studies, using micro-events (pictures/words), point a role of the amygdala (AMY), an emotion-based region, in the encoding and retrieval of emotionally-valenced memories. However, autobiographical memory (AM) studies, using real-life personal events, do not conclusively support AMY’s involvement in AM recollection. This could be due to differences in instructions across the AM studies – i.e., whether emotional aspects were explicitly emphasized or not. The present study investigated the effect of retrieval focus on activity in emotion (AMY) and memory (hippocampus - HC) based regions of the medial temporal lobe in seventeen subjects, who remembered emotional AMs while event-related fMRI data were recorded. The retrieval focus was manipulated by instructions to focus either on emotional (Emotion Condition) or on other Contextual (Context Condition) details of the recollected AMs. The effect of retrieval focus according to the valence of AMs was also investigated by involving equal proportions of positive and negative AMs. There were four main findings, showing both similarities and differences in retrieving positive and negative AMs. Regarding similarities, (1) focusing on Emotion was associated with increased scores of subjective re-experience of emotion and increased activity in the left AMY, for both positive and negative AMs, compared to focusing on Context; (2) the subjective emotional ratings were also positively correlated with bilateral AMY activity for both positive and negative AMs. Regarding differences, (3) focusing on Emotion was associated with increased activity for positive but not for negative AMs in the right AMY, and with (4) opposing patterns of activity linked to the valence of AMs in the left HC - i.e., increased activity for positive and decreased activity for negative AMs. These findings shed light on the role of AMY and HC in emotional AM recollection, linked to the retrieval focus and the valence of memories.
Ekaterina Denkova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of retrieval focus and emotional valence on the inferior frontal cortex activity during autobiographical recollection
2013Co-Authors: Ekaterina Denkova, Sanda Dolcos, Florin DolcosAbstract:Although available evidence points to a role of the inferior frontal cortex (IFC) in both emotion processing and autobiographical memory (AM) recollection, it is unclear what the role of this region is in emotional AM recollection. The present study investigated whether IFC activity can be influenced by manipulations of the retrieval focus (emotional vs. non-emotional) and whether this influence is similar for AMs with positive and negative emotional valence. Participants were asked to focus either on emotional (Emotion Condition) or on non-emotional Contextual (Context Condition) details during the elaboration of positive and negative AMs, while fMRI data were collected. The study yielded two main findings: (1) Focusing on Emotion compared to Context during AM recollection was associated with increased activity in bilateral IFC, for positive AMs, whereas negative AMs produced similarly high IFC activity during Emotion and Context Conditions; (2) There was a hemispheric dissociation in the IFC linked to the experiencing of emotion and the focus of AM recollection, such that the left IFC activity correlated positively with the subjective re-experience of emotion during the Emotion Condition, whereas the right IFC activity correlated negatively with the subjective re-experience of emotion during the Context Condition, for both positive and negative AMs. Overall, the present findings suggest that IFC’s involvement during the recollection of emotional AMs is susceptible to manipulations of the retrieval focus only in the case of positive AMs, and that this region plays a role in both the enhancement and inhibition of emotional experience during AM recollection.
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the effect of retrieval focus and emotional valence on the medial temporal lobe activity during autobiographical recollection
2013Co-Authors: Ekaterina Denkova, Sanda Dolcos, Florin DolcosAbstract:Laboratory-based episodic memory studies, using micro-events (pictures/words), point a role of the amygdala (AMY), an emotion-based region, in the encoding and retrieval of emotionally-valenced memories. However, autobiographical memory (AM) studies, using real-life personal events, do not conclusively support AMY’s involvement in AM recollection. This could be due to differences in instructions across the AM studies – i.e., whether emotional aspects were explicitly emphasized or not. The present study investigated the effect of retrieval focus on activity in emotion (AMY) and memory (hippocampus - HC) based regions of the medial temporal lobe in seventeen subjects, who remembered emotional AMs while event-related fMRI data were recorded. The retrieval focus was manipulated by instructions to focus either on emotional (Emotion Condition) or on other Contextual (Context Condition) details of the recollected AMs. The effect of retrieval focus according to the valence of AMs was also investigated by involving equal proportions of positive and negative AMs. There were four main findings, showing both similarities and differences in retrieving positive and negative AMs. Regarding similarities, (1) focusing on Emotion was associated with increased scores of subjective re-experience of emotion and increased activity in the left AMY, for both positive and negative AMs, compared to focusing on Context; (2) the subjective emotional ratings were also positively correlated with bilateral AMY activity for both positive and negative AMs. Regarding differences, (3) focusing on Emotion was associated with increased activity for positive but not for negative AMs in the right AMY, and with (4) opposing patterns of activity linked to the valence of AMs in the left HC - i.e., increased activity for positive and decreased activity for negative AMs. These findings shed light on the role of AMY and HC in emotional AM recollection, linked to the retrieval focus and the valence of memories.