The Experts below are selected from a list of 300 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Elizabeth Warner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Slippery Context Effect and critical bands.
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance, 1991Co-Authors: Lawrence E. Marks, Elizabeth WarnerAbstract:This article explored the slippery Context Effect: When Ss judge the loudness of tones that differ in sound frequency as well as intensity, stimulus Context (relative intensity levels at the 2 frequencies) can strongly influence the levels that are judged equally loud. It is shown that the size of the slippery Context Effect depends on the frequency difference between the tones: Small frequency differences (less than a critical bandwidth) produced essentially no slippery Effect; much larger differences produced substantial Effects. These results are consistent with a model postulating the existence of a central attentional or preattentive "filter-like" process whose weighting coefficients represent the size of the absolute as opposed to the relative (Contextual) component of loudness perception and judgment.
Lawrence E. Marks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The slippery Context Effect in psychophysics: Intensive, extensive, and qualitative continua
Perception & psychophysics, 1992Co-Authors: Lawrence E. MarksAbstract:When subjects gave magnitude estimates of 500- and 2500-Hz tones at various SPLs, they judged a 500-Hz tone of 60 dB to be as loud as a 2500-Hz tone of 57 dB in one Context (low SPLs at 500 Hz, high SPLs at 2500 Hz), but as loud as a 2500-Hz tone at 40 dB in another Context (high SPLs at 500 Hz, low at 2500 Hz) (Marks, 1988). Such shifts in matches derived from judgments of multidimensionally varying stimuli are termed slippery Context Effects. The present set of seven experiments showed that slippery Effects were absent from judgments of pitch of tones at different loudnesses, duration of tones at different pitches, and length of lines at different colors, though a small Effect emerged in judgments of duration of tones and lights. Slippery Context Effects were substantial when subjects gave magnitude estimates of loudness of 500- and 2500-Hz tones under conditions in which the pitch at each trial either was cued visually beforehand or could be known through the regular stimulus sequence, and with instructions to make absolute magnitude estimates. The results are consistent with the view that slippery Context Effects occur automatically and "preattentively."
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Slippery Context Effect and critical bands.
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance, 1991Co-Authors: Lawrence E. Marks, Elizabeth WarnerAbstract:This article explored the slippery Context Effect: When Ss judge the loudness of tones that differ in sound frequency as well as intensity, stimulus Context (relative intensity levels at the 2 frequencies) can strongly influence the levels that are judged equally loud. It is shown that the size of the slippery Context Effect depends on the frequency difference between the tones: Small frequency differences (less than a critical bandwidth) produced essentially no slippery Effect; much larger differences produced substantial Effects. These results are consistent with a model postulating the existence of a central attentional or preattentive "filter-like" process whose weighting coefficients represent the size of the absolute as opposed to the relative (Contextual) component of loudness perception and judgment.
Gary B. Reid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Context Effects in Subjective Mental Workload Ratings
Human Factors, 1998Co-Authors: Herbert A. Colle, Gary B. ReidAbstract:The impact of performance Context on subjective mental workload ratings was assessed with the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) and the NASA Task Load Index (TLX). In Experiment 1, a strong Context Effect was demonstrated. A low range of task difficulty produced considerably higher ratings on a common set of difficulty levels than did a high range of task difficulty. In Experiment 2, increasing the participants′ range of experiences during practice eliminated the Context Effect. We recommend that methods for standardizing Context, such as providing experience with the complete difficulty range, be developed for subjective mental workload evaluations. Actual or potential applications of this research include providing methodologies for controlling Context Effects in practical assessments of mental workload to increase the validity of subjective measures.
Padraig G. O'seaghdha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conjoint and dissociable Effects of syntactic and semantic Context.
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning memory and cognition, 1997Co-Authors: Padraig G. O'seaghdhaAbstract:Manipulating the semantic relatedness of noun and verb targets in Contexts where they are grammatically appropriate or inappropriate allows for simultaneous examination of syntactic and semantic Context Effects. A lexical-decision experiment showed both a syntactic Context Effect and a semantic relatedness Effect that was stronger in syntactically appropriate conditions. Thus, latencies appeared to be conjointly determined by syntactic and semantic Context. In contrast, naming experiments also showed both semantic and syntactic Effects, but the syntactic Context Effect was independent of semantic relatedness and was observed in the virtual absence of sensitivity to semantic anomaly. Thus, syntactic and semantic processing are largely dissociable in the naming task. In conjunction with other findings in the literature, this suggests the existence of an isolable level of syntactic assignment that precedes semantic integration of content words in sentence comprehension.
Herbert A. Colle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Context Effects in Subjective Mental Workload Ratings
Human Factors, 1998Co-Authors: Herbert A. Colle, Gary B. ReidAbstract:The impact of performance Context on subjective mental workload ratings was assessed with the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) and the NASA Task Load Index (TLX). In Experiment 1, a strong Context Effect was demonstrated. A low range of task difficulty produced considerably higher ratings on a common set of difficulty levels than did a high range of task difficulty. In Experiment 2, increasing the participants′ range of experiences during practice eliminated the Context Effect. We recommend that methods for standardizing Context, such as providing experience with the complete difficulty range, be developed for subjective mental workload evaluations. Actual or potential applications of this research include providing methodologies for controlling Context Effects in practical assessments of mental workload to increase the validity of subjective measures.