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Murray Grossman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sentence Comprehension in multiple sclerosis.
Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2009Co-Authors: Murray Grossman, Keith M. Robinson, Kris Onishi, Heidi Thompson, Jeffrey A. Cohen, Mark D'espositoAbstract:Introduction - Explanations of Sentence processing difficulty in aphasia have implicated slowed information processing speed. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating Sentence Comprehension in multiple sclerosis (MS), and relating Comprehension performance to measures of information processing speed. Material & methods - Twenty right-handed, high school-educated, non-demented, native English speakers with clinically definite MS and 16 age- and education-matched control subjects were examined on 3 different Sentence Comprehension measures that stress grammatical appreciation. Performance was related to quantitative assessments of mental information processing speed. Results - Group-wide analyses demonstrated a trend toward Sentence Comprehension difficulty in MS. Analyses of individual patient profiles identified a subgroup of MS patients who were consistently impaired to a significant extent across all Sentence Comprehension tasks. Their Sentence Comprehension difficulty was associated with selectively compromised mental information processing speed. Conclusion - Sentence Comprehension difficulty in MS is associated with slowed information processing speed. This finding supports the claim that information processing speed contributes to Sentence processing.
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Sentence Comprehension and voxel based morphometry in progressive nonfluent aphasia semantic dementia and nonaphasic frontotemporal dementia
Journal of Neurolinguistics, 2008Co-Authors: Jonathan E. Peelle, Luisa Vesely, Vanessa Troiani, Corey T Mcmillan, Peachie Moore, Murray GrossmanAbstract:Abstract To investigate the basis for impaired Sentence Comprehension in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) we assessed grammatical Comprehension and verbal working memory in 88 patients with three distinct presentations: progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA), semantic dementia (SD), and nonaphasic patients with a disorder of social comportment and executive processing (SOC/EXEC). We related Sentence Comprehension and working memory performance to regional cortical volume in a subgroup of 29 patients with structural MRI scans using voxel-based morphometry. PNFA patients exhibited the greatest difficulty with Sentence Comprehension and were especially impaired with grammatically complex Sentences, which correlated with atrophy in left inferior frontal cortex. Working memory performance in these same patients correlated with a proximal but distinct left inferior frontal region. SD patients’ Sentence Comprehension scores correlated with left inferolateral temporal lobe damage, which we hypothesize reflects impairments in lexical processing. We did not observe any consistent relationship between cortical atrophy and Sentence Comprehension impairment in SOC/EXEC patients, suggesting the deficits in this subgroup may be due to more variable declines in executive resources.
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A longitudinal study of Sentence Comprehension difficulty in primary progressive aphasia.
Journal of neurology neurosurgery and psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Murray Grossman, Peachie MooreAbstract:Context: Patients with primary progressive aphasia have Sentence Comprehension difficulty, but the longitudinal course of this deficit has not been investigated. Objective: To determine how grammatical, single word meaning, and working memory factors contribute to longitudinal decline of Sentence Comprehension in primary progressive aphasia. We hypothesised partially distinct patterns of Sentence Comprehension difficulty in subgroups of patients with progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA) and semantic dementia (SD). Design: Cohort. Setting: Institutional out patient referral centre. Patients: PNFA (n = 14), SD (n = 10). Main outcome measure: Sentence Comprehension accuracy. Results: PNFA patients were significantly impaired at understanding grammatically complex Sentences when first seen, and this was more evident than impairment of their Comprehension of grammatically simple Sentences (p
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Neural basis for Sentence Comprehension deficits in frontotemporal dementia.
Brain and language, 2003Co-Authors: Ayanna Cooke, Christian Devita, James C. Gee, David C. Alsop, John A. Detre, Willis Chen, Murray GrossmanAbstract:Many patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have impaired Sentence Comprehension. However, the pattern of Comprehension difficulty appears to vary depending on the clinical subgroup. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the neural basis for these deficits in FTD. We studied patients with two different presentations: Three patients with Progressive Non-Fluent Ahasia (PNFA), and five non-aphasic patients with a dysexecutive and social impairment (EXEC). The FTD patient subgroups were compared to a cohort of 11 healthy seniors with intact Sentence Comprehension. We monitored regional cerebral activity with blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects read Sentences featuring both a grammatically complex object-relative center-embedded clause and a long linkage between the head noun phrase (NP) and the gap where the NP is interpreted in the center-embedded clause. Subjects decided whether the agent of the action is a male or a female. Healthy seniors activated both ventral portions of inferior frontal cortex (vIFC) and dorsal portions of IFC (dIFC) in the left hemisphere, often associated with grammatical and working memory components of these Sentences, respectively. PNFA patients differed from healthy controls since they have reduced activation of left vIFC, while EXEC patients have less recruitment of left dIFC. We conclude that FTD subgroups have distinct patterns of Sentence Comprehension difficulty in part because of selective interruptions of a large-scale neural network for Sentence processing.
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Information processing speed and Sentence Comprehension in Parkinson's disease.
Neuropsychology (journal), 2002Co-Authors: Murray Grossman, Edgar Zurif, Penny Prather, Julia Kalmanson, Matthew B Stern, Howard I HurtigAbstract:: This study tests the hypothesis that Sentence Comprehension difficulty in Parkinson's disease (PD) is related in part to altered information processing speed that plays a crucial role in grammatical processing. The authors measured information processing speed in 32 PD patients without dementia using a lexical list-priming paradigm in which the interstimulus interval (ISI) between the prime and the target varied. Sentence Comprehension accuracy was also assessed in 22 of these patients. Sentence Comprehension accuracy for object-relative center-embedded Sentences was impaired in a subgroup of PD patients. This subgroup of PD patients primed at an abnormally long ISI. Similarly, only PD patients who primed at a long ISI had greater difficulty understanding Sentences with an object-relative clause than a subject-relative clause. Findings suggest that slowed information processing speed contributes to Sentence Comprehension difficulty in PD.
Angela D. Friederici - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alignment of alpha band desynchronization with syntactic structure predicts successful Sentence Comprehension
NeuroImage, 2018Co-Authors: Benedict Vassileiou, Lars Meyer, Caroline Beese, Angela D. FriedericiAbstract:Abstract Sentence Comprehension requires the encoding of phrases and their relationships into working memory. To date, despite the importance of neural oscillations in language Comprehension, the neural-oscillatory dynamics of Sentence encoding are only sparsely understood. Although oscillations in a wide range of frequency bands have been reported both for the encoding of unstructured word lists and for working-memory intensive Sentences, it is unclear to what extent these frequency bands subserve processes specific to the working-memory component of Sentence Comprehension or to general verbal working memory. In our auditory electroencephalography study, we isolated the working-memory component of Sentence Comprehension by adapting a subsequent memory paradigm to Sentence Comprehension and assessing oscillatory power changes during successful Sentence encoding. Time–frequency analyses and source reconstruction revealed alpha-power desynchronization in left-hemispheric language-relevant regions during successful Sentence encoding. We further showed that Sentence encoding was more successful when source-level alpha-band desynchronization aligned with computational measures of syntactic—compared to lexical-semantic—difficulty. Our results are a preliminary indication of a domain-general mechanism of cortical disinhibition via alpha-band desynchronization superimposed onto the language-relevant cortex, which is beneficial for encoding Sentences into working memory.
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Brain structural correlates of complex Sentence Comprehension in children
Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Anja Fengler, Lars Meyer, Angela D. FriedericiAbstract:Prior structural imaging studies found initial evidence for the link between structural gray matter changes and the development of language performance in children. However, previous studies generally only focused on Sentence Comprehension. Therefore, little is known about the relationship between structural properties of brain regions relevant to Sentence processing and more specific cognitive abilities underlying complex Sentence Comprehension. In this study, whole-brain magnetic resonance images from 59 children between 5 and 8 years were assessed. Scores on a standardized Sentence Comprehension test determined grammatical proficiency of our participants. A confirmatory factory analysis corroborated a grammar-relevant and a verbal working memory-relevant factor underlying the measured performance. Voxel-based morphometry of gray matter revealed that while children's ability to assign thematic roles is positively correlated with gray matter probability (GMP) in the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left inferior frontal gyrus, verbal working memory-related performance is positively correlated with GMP in the left parietal operculum extending into the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Since these areas are known to be differentially engaged in adults’ complex Sentence processing, our data suggest a specific correspondence between children's GMP in language-relevant brain regions and differential cognitive abilities that guide their Sentence Comprehension.
David Caplan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neural networks for Sentence Comprehension and production: An ALE-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies.
Human brain mapping, 2019Co-Authors: Matthew Walenski, Eduardo Europa, David Caplan, Cynthia K. ThompsonAbstract:Comprehending and producing Sentences is a complex endeavor requiring the coordinated activity of multiple brain regions. We examined three issues related to the brain networks underlying Sentence Comprehension and production in healthy individuals: First, which regions are recruited for Sentence Comprehension and Sentence production? Second, are there differences for auditory Sentence Comprehension vs. visual Sentence Comprehension? Third, which regions are specifically recruited for the Comprehension of syntactically complex Sentences? Results from activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analyses (from 45 studies) implicated a Sentence Comprehension network occupying bilateral frontal and temporal lobe regions. Regions implicated in production (from 15 studies) overlapped with the set of regions associated with Sentence Comprehension in the left hemisphere, but did not include inferior frontal cortex, and did not extend to the right hemisphere. Modality differences between auditory and visual Sentence Comprehension were found principally in the temporal lobes. Results from the analysis of complex syntax (from 37 studies) showed engagement of left inferior frontal and posterior temporal regions, as well as the right insula. The involvement of the right hemisphere in the Comprehension of these structures has potentially important implications for language treatment and recovery in individuals with agrammatic aphasia following left hemisphere brain damage.
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Verbal working memory and Sentence Comprehension.
The Behavioral and brain sciences, 1999Co-Authors: David Caplan, Gloria WatersAbstract:This target article discusses the verbal working memory system used in Sentence Comprehension. We review the concept of working memory as a short-duration system in which small amounts of information are simultaneously stored and manipulated in the service of accomplishing a task. We summarize the argument that syntactic processing in Sentence Comprehension requires such a stor- age and computational system. We then ask whether the working memory system used in syntactic processing is the same as that used in verbally mediated tasks that involve conscious controlled processing. Evidence is brought to bear from various sources: the relation- ship between individual differences in working memory and individual differences in the efficiency of syntactic processing; the effect of concurrent verbal memory load on syntactic processing; and syntactic processing in patients with poor short-term memory, patients with poor working memory, and patients with aphasia. Experimental results from these normal subjects and patients with various brain le- sions converge on the conclusion that there is a specialization in the verbal working memory system for assigning the syntactic structure of a Sentence and using that structure in determining Sentence meaning that is separate from the working memory system underlying the use of Sentence meaning to accomplish other functions. We present a theory of the divisions of the verbal working memory system and suggestions regarding its neural basis.
Gloria Waters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Verbal working memory and Sentence Comprehension.
The Behavioral and brain sciences, 1999Co-Authors: David Caplan, Gloria WatersAbstract:This target article discusses the verbal working memory system used in Sentence Comprehension. We review the concept of working memory as a short-duration system in which small amounts of information are simultaneously stored and manipulated in the service of accomplishing a task. We summarize the argument that syntactic processing in Sentence Comprehension requires such a stor- age and computational system. We then ask whether the working memory system used in syntactic processing is the same as that used in verbally mediated tasks that involve conscious controlled processing. Evidence is brought to bear from various sources: the relation- ship between individual differences in working memory and individual differences in the efficiency of syntactic processing; the effect of concurrent verbal memory load on syntactic processing; and syntactic processing in patients with poor short-term memory, patients with poor working memory, and patients with aphasia. Experimental results from these normal subjects and patients with various brain le- sions converge on the conclusion that there is a specialization in the verbal working memory system for assigning the syntactic structure of a Sentence and using that structure in determining Sentence meaning that is separate from the working memory system underlying the use of Sentence meaning to accomplish other functions. We present a theory of the divisions of the verbal working memory system and suggestions regarding its neural basis.
Christos Salis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Short-Term and Working Memory Treatments for Improving Sentence Comprehension in Aphasia: A Review and a Replication Study.
Seminars in Speech and Language, 2017Co-Authors: Christos Salis, Faustina Hwang, David Howard, Nicole LalliniAbstract:Although the roles of verbal short-term and working memory on spoken Sentence Comprehension skills in persons with aphasia have been debated for many years, the development of treatments to mitigate verbal short-term and working memory deficits as a way of improving spoken Sentence Comprehension is a new avenue in treatment research. In this article, we review and critically appraise this emerging evidence base. We also present new data from five persons with aphasia of a replication of a previously reported treatment that had resulted in some improvement of spoken Sentence Comprehension in a person with aphasia. The replicated treatment did not result in improvements in Sentence Comprehension. We forward recommendations for future research in this, admittedly weak at present, but important clinical research avenue that would help improve our understanding of the mechanisms of improvement of short-term and working memory training in relation to Sentence Comprehension.
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Short-term memory treatment: Patterns of learning and generalisation to Sentence Comprehension in a person with aphasia
Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 2012Co-Authors: Christos SalisAbstract:Auditory-verbal short-term memory deficits (STM) are prevalent in aphasia and can contribute to Sentence Comprehension deficits. This study investigated the effectiveness of a novel STM treatment in improving STM (measured with span tasks) and Sentence Comprehension (measured with the Token Test and the Test for the Reception of Grammar, TROG) in a person with severe aphasia (transcortical motor). In particular, the research questions were: (1) Would STM training improve STM? (2) Would improvements from the STM training generalise to improvements in Comprehension of Sentences? STM was trained using listening span tasks of serial word recognition. No other language or Sentence Comprehension skills were trained. Following treatment, STM abilities improved (listening span, forward digit span). There was also evidence of generalisation to untreated Sentence Comprehension (only on the TROG). Backward digit span, phonological processing and single word Comprehension did not improve. Improvements in Sentence com...
