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Vinay Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Trade Unionism & Contract Workers in Selected Industries in Jamshedpur
    The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 2015
    Co-Authors: Vinay Kumar
    Abstract:

    This paper deals with the plight of Contract Workers. It highlights the emerging challenges of trade unionism among them in selected industries of Jamshedpur in India. After 1990s, casualization of workforce has been the major development among Indian industries. The triangular employment relationship, dispersal over multiple job sites, several bosses, and non-cooperating attitude of regular Workers make it difficult for the Contract Workers to unite against exploitation and defend their rights. Trade unions are not capable to intervene among casual Workers as much as required. This paper tries to provide the current status of trade unionism among Contract Workers in India. Introduction With the onset of liberalization in 1991, Indian industries, known for employment of regular wage Workers, have started to increasingly utilize Contract Workers both in perennial and non-perennial works. True, Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 prohibits the utilization of Contract Workers in perennial work; complexity and vagueness about its abolition provisions and government's eagerness to promote investment encouraged industries to utilize contact Workers for increased production. Industries utilize Contract Workers not for flexibility alone but also for lowering production costs. Contract Workers are denied several social benefits available for regular Workers. In several industries basic amenities are not provided to Contract Workers. Trade unionism has very low penetration; neither collective bargaining nor other grievance redressal mechanisms have been developed. This situation leads to sporadic industrial violence (Tables 1 & 2) which could not auger well for the 'Make in India' campaign, highly sought after by the new government that came to power in 2014. This paper explores the plight of Contract Workers in Tata Steel Ltd and Lafarge Cement (earlier a Tata Steel unit) Jamshedpur and examines the status of trade unionism among them. Contract Workers Informalization of workforce has been a common trend among industries the worldwide. There are two categories, informalization from above and informalization from below (Theron, 2010). Informalization from above occurs in organized industries where Contract Workers are engaged with regular Workers at the same workplace and mostly doing the same work. Informalization from below occurs in unorganized industries or informal sectors as self-employment assisted by family members, business run with the help of family and hired labor and Workers perform work for organized sectors through a complex network of subContracting and outsourcing. Organized industries utilize both the types of informalization to curtail the production cost as their requirement. This paper deals with the former type of informalization in which Contract Workers perform work for the principal employer on its workplace but not under the principal employer's payroll. The Contractors are responsible to pay wages and other social security benefits to the Workers. These intermediate employers were considered previously as labor supply agencies involved in emergency work as break down or major shutdown for short durations. Now they are engaged in full time with the principal employer on a permanent basis to perform perennial or non-perennial types of work. Contract Workers in this new arrangement share same work sites and do the same work, earlier performed by the regular Workers, with lower wages being paid to them. The accountability to pay compensation in case of accidents and other benefits are with the Contractors and not with the principal employer. The irony of this arrangement is that Contract Workers work for the principal employer and supervised by officer or supervisor of principal employer, but get wages from Contractors. The emerging employment relationship in this arrangement is not vertical or linear as in the case of traditional employment for regular Workers. …

  • trade unionism Contract Workers in selected industries in jamshedpur
    The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 2015
    Co-Authors: Vinay Kumar
    Abstract:

    This paper deals with the plight of Contract Workers. It highlights the emerging challenges of trade unionism among them in selected industries of Jamshedpur in India. After 1990s, casualization of workforce has been the major development among Indian industries. The triangular employment relationship, dispersal over multiple job sites, several bosses, and non-cooperating attitude of regular Workers make it difficult for the Contract Workers to unite against exploitation and defend their rights. Trade unions are not capable to intervene among casual Workers as much as required. This paper tries to provide the current status of trade unionism among Contract Workers in India. Introduction With the onset of liberalization in 1991, Indian industries, known for employment of regular wage Workers, have started to increasingly utilize Contract Workers both in perennial and non-perennial works. True, Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 prohibits the utilization of Contract Workers in perennial work; complexity and vagueness about its abolition provisions and government's eagerness to promote investment encouraged industries to utilize contact Workers for increased production. Industries utilize Contract Workers not for flexibility alone but also for lowering production costs. Contract Workers are denied several social benefits available for regular Workers. In several industries basic amenities are not provided to Contract Workers. Trade unionism has very low penetration; neither collective bargaining nor other grievance redressal mechanisms have been developed. This situation leads to sporadic industrial violence (Tables 1 & 2) which could not auger well for the 'Make in India' campaign, highly sought after by the new government that came to power in 2014. This paper explores the plight of Contract Workers in Tata Steel Ltd and Lafarge Cement (earlier a Tata Steel unit) Jamshedpur and examines the status of trade unionism among them. Contract Workers Informalization of workforce has been a common trend among industries the worldwide. There are two categories, informalization from above and informalization from below (Theron, 2010). Informalization from above occurs in organized industries where Contract Workers are engaged with regular Workers at the same workplace and mostly doing the same work. Informalization from below occurs in unorganized industries or informal sectors as self-employment assisted by family members, business run with the help of family and hired labor and Workers perform work for organized sectors through a complex network of subContracting and outsourcing. Organized industries utilize both the types of informalization to curtail the production cost as their requirement. This paper deals with the former type of informalization in which Contract Workers perform work for the principal employer on its workplace but not under the principal employer's payroll. The Contractors are responsible to pay wages and other social security benefits to the Workers. These intermediate employers were considered previously as labor supply agencies involved in emergency work as break down or major shutdown for short durations. Now they are engaged in full time with the principal employer on a permanent basis to perform perennial or non-perennial types of work. Contract Workers in this new arrangement share same work sites and do the same work, earlier performed by the regular Workers, with lower wages being paid to them. The accountability to pay compensation in case of accidents and other benefits are with the Contractors and not with the principal employer. The irony of this arrangement is that Contract Workers work for the principal employer and supervised by officer or supervisor of principal employer, but get wages from Contractors. The emerging employment relationship in this arrangement is not vertical or linear as in the case of traditional employment for regular Workers. …

Christina Schwenkel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • RETHINKING ASIAN MOBILITIES: Socialist Migration and Post-Socialist Repatriation of Vietnamese Contract Workers in East Germany
    Critical Asian Studies, 2014
    Co-Authors: Christina Schwenkel
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACTVietnam's economic reforms have generated much praise for the country's rapid “opening” of its markets, as if the Vietnamese nation had previously existed in a state of isolation, closed to broader global influences and exchanges. Such discourses overlook the importance of transnational circulations of people, goods, technologies, and expertise during the socialist era that were vital to Vietnam's postwar national reconstruction and continue to play a role in post-socialist economic transformation today. This article traces the socialist pathways of labor migration between Vietnam and the former Soviet Bloc (specifically, East Germany) in the 1980s, mobilities that are generally absent in studies of contemporary export labor industries. Based on multi-sited ethnographic and archival research, the author follows Vietnamese Workers first to the East German factories where they labored as “Contract Workers,” and then through their subsequent return and reintegration into Vietnamese society after the ...

  • Socialist Migration and Post-Socialist Repatriation of Vietnamese Contract Workers in East Germany
    2014
    Co-Authors: Christina Schwenkel
    Abstract:

    Vietnam's economic reforms have generated much praise for the coun- try's rapid "opening" of its markets, as if the Vietnamese nation had previously existed in a state of isolation, closed to broader global influences and exchanges. Such discourses overlook the importance of transnational circulations of people, goods, technologies, and expertise during the socialist era that were vital to Viet- nam's postwar national reconstruction and continue to play a role in post-socialist economic transformation today. This article traces the socialist pathways of labor migration between Vietnam and the former Soviet Bloc (specifically, East Germany) in the 1980s, mobilities that are generally absent in studies of contemporary export labor industries. Based on multi-sited ethnographic and archival research, the au- thor follows Vietnamese Workers first to the East German factories where they labored as "Contract Workers," and then through their subsequent return and rein- tegration into Vietnamese society after the collapse of the Soviet Union. These mobilities bespeak of an alternative history and formation of diasporic communities that are little acknowledged or addressed in literature on labor migrations, and yet are important to understanding emerging forms of stratification today in Vietnam. Moreover, an analysis of early non-capitalist experiences with overseas labor re- gimes in the 1980s provides insights into contemporary Vietnamese governance practices that promote—rather uncritically, similar to other "emerging countries" —export labor as a nation-building strategy to reduce endemic poverty and develop a late socialist country.

Wang Su-pin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Investigation on the health knowledge of female Contract Workers in Shenzhen city.
    Hainan Medical Journal, 2012
    Co-Authors: Wang Su-pin
    Abstract:

    Objective To investigate the cognition status of health knowledge in female Contract Workers in Shenzhen city.Methods One thousand married women of childbearing age (under 50 years old) were randomly investigated with questionnaire about the health knowledge in Shenzhen city.Results The average score of health knowledge was (55.6±8.4),which was 66.2% of the maximum score.Specifically,the score for genital health,gynecological health care,family planning,sound child rearing,antenatal care and puerperium plentiful health care were (9.2±2.1),(8.7±3.5),(8.8±3.1),(9.4±2.8),(9.4 ±3.2),and (10.1±3.8),respectively.The main factors impacting the cognition of health knowledge were age,degree of education,household income and the satisfaction of marriage.Conclusion The cognition of female Contract worker for health knowledge is insufficient.Various kinds of health education should be taken to improve the health knowledge of them.

Jayashree Vijayakumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • 73 workplace intervention and research in Contract women Workers
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2018
    Co-Authors: Sashikala Chandrasekar, Jayashree Vijayakumar
    Abstract:

    Introduction Iron deficiency anaemia in working women is common and is more prevalent in women Contract Workers. Work place intervention with participatory approach to Contract Workers’ health and well-being gives a positive outcome as seen in this study. Methods Consent was obtained from company management and volunteers. Duration of study was six months. 100 women Contract Workers were selected in age group 20–45. In the first month clinical history, baseline haemoglobin estimation, dispensation of 30 tablets each of iron with folic acid and multivitamins and diet education was done. 2nd to 6th month, tablets dispensation and diet education was continued. Tablet albendazole for deworming given in first and fourth month. Diet education conducted with charts/posters with details of food containing iron and vit.c. After six months, haemoglobin estimation was done and results were compared. Results Base line haemoglobin findings showed 9%-not anaemic, 27%-mildly anaemic, 53%-moderately anaemic and 11%-severely anaemic. Hb% above 11 g/dl was taken as not anaemic. Results at the end of study showed increase in Hb% level, 31%-not anaemic, 48%-mildly anaemic, 19%-moderately anaemic, and 2%-severely anaemic. Hb% above12 g/dl was not observed in anyone in 1 st month and after 6 months intervention 7% were above 12 g/dl. At the end of study period overall improvement in health was noted. Health complaints like tiredness, myalgia, gynaecological problems were less. General health and well-being improved, absenteeism decreased and few persons increased in weight. Conclusion Contract Workers have lower income and fewer benefits like leave and facilities. They continue working at the cost of their health, especially when they have to support their family. Malnourishment and anaemia in reproductive age group leads to increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Workplace interventions as welfare measures in informal sector Workers will produce healthy workforce with good physical capacity and thereby productivity of company will increase.

Rahul Suresh Sapkal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • labour law enforcement and the rise of temporary Contract Workers empirical evidence from india s organised manufacturing sector
    European Journal of Law and Economics, 2016
    Co-Authors: Rahul Suresh Sapkal
    Abstract:

    There is an intense debate on the impact of labour regulation in India today. Labour regulation in India differ state-wise and apply differently across types of Workers (both regular and Contract Workers). This paper examines the joint effects of Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) and variable enforcement intensity on the growth in a size of temporary Contract Workers in the organised manufacturing sector. It uses the state level amendments to Industrial Dispute Act of 1947, and the average size of total number of labour inspectors for each state, as independent variables to capture the variation in labour regulations and enforcement intensity across thirty-one Indian states for the period 2000–2007. This paper argues that, average Indian firms located in strict EPL states hire differentially more temporary Contract Workers as compare to regular Workers in response to variable enforcement intensity. Among other findings, the empirical analysis shows that firms prefer to employ excessive number of Contract Workers to circumvent firing and overall compliance costs of regular Workers as stipulated by the Indian labour laws. Our results are robust to alternative specifications.

  • labour regulation enforcement and the incidence of Contract Workers empirical evidence from the organised indian manufacturing sector
    2014
    Co-Authors: Rahul Suresh Sapkal
    Abstract:

    There is renewed interest among economists and policy analysts in the question of why do firms in developing countries demand more number of Contract Workers relative to regular Workers. Many studies highlights two factors -trade reform and strict labour regulations are primarily responsible for the rise of Contract Workers in the organised sector. These studies, however, notably overlook the role of enforcement and dynamics of labour regulation in a single country framework. In this paper, we investigate the effects of labour regulations and their enforcement on the growth of Contract Workers in the organized sector of the Indian economy for the period 1999-2006. We specifically use a database on total number of conciliation and adjudicated cases in the labor courts as a proxy measure of the enforcement index (the de facto measure) and the formal states wise changes in labour legislations as the de jure measure of labour regulation in India. Our empirical context allows us to disentangle the heterogeneous effects of labour regulation and enforcement across sixteen Indian states. Overall, the findings suggest that, on average the strict labour regulation and labour law enforcement invariably raise adjustment costs and compliance costs of firms. Hence, in order to circumvent these costs, firms use a greater number of Contract Workers than regular Workers. The combined effects of labour regulation and enforcement are higher in pro-Workers states as compared to pro-employers states. The empirical results are robust to model specification.