The Experts below are selected from a list of 657870 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Jonatha D Cohe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • adaptive gain and the role of the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system in optimal performance
    The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Gary Astonjones, Jonatha D Cohe
    Abstract:

    Historically, the locus coeruleus–norepinephrine (LC-NE) system has been implicated in arousal, but recent findings suggest that this system plays a more complex and specific role in the Control of Behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological, anatomical, and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is driven by the outcome of task-related decision processes and is proposed to facilitate ensuing Behaviors and to help optimize task performance. When utility in the task wanes, LC neurons exhibit a tonic activity mode, associated with disengagement from the current task and a search for alternative Behaviors. Monkey LC receives prominent, direct inputs from the anterior cingulate (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortices (ofC), both of which are thought to monitor task-related utility. We propose that these prefrontal areas produce the above patterns of LC activity to optimize the utility of performance on both short and long time scales. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:99–110, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • an integrative theory of locus coeruleus norepinephrine function adaptive gain and optimal performance
    Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2005
    Co-Authors: Gary Astonjones, Jonatha D Cohe
    Abstract:

    Historically, the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system has been implicated in arousal, but recent findings suggest that this system plays a more complex and specific role in the Control of Behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is driven by the outcome of task-related decision processes and is proposed to facilitate ensuing Behaviors and to help optimize task performance (exploitation). When utility in the task wanes, LC neurons exhibit a tonic activity mode, associated with disengagement from the current task and a search for alternative Behaviors (exploration). Monkey LC receives prominent, direct inputs from the anterior cingulate (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortices (ofC), both of which are thought to monitor task-related utility. We propose that these frontal areas produce the above patterns of LC activity to optimize utility on both short and long timescales.

Gary Astonjones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • adaptive gain and the role of the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system in optimal performance
    The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Gary Astonjones
    Abstract:

    Historically, the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system has been implicated in arousal, but recent findings suggest that this system plays a more complex and specific role in the Control of Behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological, anatomical, and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is driven by the outcome of task-related decision processes and is proposed to facilitate ensuing Behaviors and to help optimize task performance. When utility in the task wanes, LC neurons exhibit a tonic activity mode, associated with disengagement from the current task and a search for alternative Behaviors. Monkey LC receives prominent, direct inputs from the anterior cingulate (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortices (ofC), both of which are thought to monitor task-related utility. We propose that these prefrontal areas produce the above patterns of LC activity to optimize the utility of performance on both short and long time scales.

  • adaptive gain and the role of the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system in optimal performance
    The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Gary Astonjones, Jonatha D Cohe
    Abstract:

    Historically, the locus coeruleus–norepinephrine (LC-NE) system has been implicated in arousal, but recent findings suggest that this system plays a more complex and specific role in the Control of Behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological, anatomical, and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is driven by the outcome of task-related decision processes and is proposed to facilitate ensuing Behaviors and to help optimize task performance. When utility in the task wanes, LC neurons exhibit a tonic activity mode, associated with disengagement from the current task and a search for alternative Behaviors. Monkey LC receives prominent, direct inputs from the anterior cingulate (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortices (ofC), both of which are thought to monitor task-related utility. We propose that these prefrontal areas produce the above patterns of LC activity to optimize the utility of performance on both short and long time scales. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:99–110, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • an integrative theory of locus coeruleus norepinephrine function adaptive gain and optimal performance
    Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2005
    Co-Authors: Gary Astonjones, Jonatha D Cohe
    Abstract:

    Historically, the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system has been implicated in arousal, but recent findings suggest that this system plays a more complex and specific role in the Control of Behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is driven by the outcome of task-related decision processes and is proposed to facilitate ensuing Behaviors and to help optimize task performance (exploitation). When utility in the task wanes, LC neurons exhibit a tonic activity mode, associated with disengagement from the current task and a search for alternative Behaviors (exploration). Monkey LC receives prominent, direct inputs from the anterior cingulate (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortices (ofC), both of which are thought to monitor task-related utility. We propose that these frontal areas produce the above patterns of LC activity to optimize utility on both short and long timescales.

Robert J Mcdonald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • parallel associative processing in the dorsal striatum segregation of stimulus response and cognitive Control subregions
    Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2011
    Co-Authors: Bryan D Devan, Nancy S Hong, Robert J Mcdonald
    Abstract:

    Although evidence suggests that the dorsal striatum contributes to multiple learning and memory functions, there nevertheless remains considerable disagreement on the specific associative roles of different neuroanatomical subregions. We review evidence indicating that the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is a substrate for stimulus–response habit formation – incremental strengthening of simple S–R bonds – via input from sensorimotor neocortex while the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) contributes to Behavioral flexibility – the cognitive Control of Behavior – via prefrontal and limbic circuits engaged in relational and spatial information processing. The parallel circuits through dorsal striatum interact with incentive/affective motivational processing in the ventral striatum and portions of the prefrontal cortex leading to overt responding under specific testing conditions. Converging evidence obtained through a detailed task analysis and neuroBehavioral assessment is beginning to illuminate striatal subregional interactions and relations to the rest of the mammalian brain.

Sarah Durston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • imaging the developing brain what have we learned about cognitive development
    Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2005
    Co-Authors: B J Casey, Nim Tottenham, Conor Liston, Sarah Durston
    Abstract:

    The human brain undergoes significant changes in both its structural architecture and functional organization across the life span. Advances in neuroimaging techniques over the past decade have allowed us to track these changes safely in the human in vivo. We review the imaging literature on the neurobiology of cognitive development, focusing specifically on cognitive task-dependent changes observed in brain physiology and anatomy across childhood and adolescence. The findings suggest that cortical function becomes fine-tuned with development. Brain regions associated with more basic functions such as sensory and motor processes mature first, followed by association areas involved in top-down Control of Behavior.

Jeremy R Gray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • testing predictions from personality neuroscience brain structure and the big five
    Psychological Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Colin G Deyoung, Jacob B Hirsh, Matthew S Shane, Xenophon Papademetris, Nallakkandi Rajeevan, Jeremy R Gray
    Abstract:

    We used a new theory of the biological basis of the Big Five personality traits to generate hypotheses about the association of each trait with the volume of different brain regions. Controlling for age, sex, and whole-brain volume, results from structural magnetic resonance imaging of 116 healthy adults supported our hypotheses for four of the five traits: Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Extraversion covaried with volume of medial orbitofrontal cortex, a brain region involved in processing reward information. Neuroticism covaried with volume of brain regions associated with threat, punishment, and negative affect. Agreeableness covaried with volume in regions that process information about the intentions and mental states of other individuals. Conscientiousness covaried with volume in lateral prefrontal cortex, a region involved in planning and the voluntary Control of Behavior. These findings support our biologically based, explanatory model of the Big Five and demonstra...

  • testing predictions from personality neuroscience brain structure and the big five
    Psychological Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Colin G Deyoung, Jacob B Hirsh, Matthew S Shane, Xenophon Papademetris, Nallakkandi Rajeevan, Jeremy R Gray
    Abstract:

    We used a new theory of the biological basis of the Big Five personality traits to generate hypotheses about the association of each trait with the volume of different brain regions. Controlling for age, sex, and whole-brain volume, results from structural magnetic resonance imaging of 116 healthy adults supported our hypotheses for four of the five traits: Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Extraversion covaried with volume of medial orbitofrontal cortex, a brain region involved in processing reward information. Neuroticism covaried with volume of brain regions associated with threat, punishment, and negative affect. Agreeableness covaried with volume in regions that process information about the intentions and mental states of other individuals. Conscientiousness covaried with volume in lateral prefrontal cortex, a region involved in planning and the voluntary Control of Behavior. These findings support our biologically based, explanatory model of the Big Five and demonstrate the potential of personality neuroscience (i.e., the systematic study of individual differences in personality using neuroscience methods) as a discipline.