The Experts below are selected from a list of 123 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Giuseppe Di Giovanni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • win 55 212 2 reverted pilocarpine induced status epilepticus early changes of the interaction among 5 ht2c nmda cb1 receptors in the rat hippocampus
    ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 2019
    Co-Authors: Roberto Di Maio, Roberto Colangeli, Giuseppe Di Giovanni
    Abstract:

    The molecular basis for temporal lobe epileptogenesis  remains poorly defined. Recent evidence shows that serotonin 2C receptors (5-HT2CRs), NR2A and NR2B subunit-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1Rs) may be involved in the progression of the epileptic disorders. Moreover, CB1R activation has been reported to modulate the activity of 5-HT2C and NMDA receptors. Here, we treated Sprague-Dawley rats with the pro-Convulsant Agent pilocarpine (PILO) to induce status epilepticus (SE) in order to study the effect, with regards to receptor signaling and their interactions, of the preactivation of the CB1Rs on early changes that occur 24 h from the initial insult in the hippocampus. Pretreatment with the synthetic CB1/2R agonist WIN 55,212-2 (2 mg/kg, ip) counteracted PILO-induced 5-HT2CR downregulation. Moreover, WIN 55,212-2 uncoupled PILO-induced 5-HT2CR/NR2A and prevented NR2ATyr1325 phosphorylation indirectly since no 5-HT2CR/CB1R interactions were observed. WIN 55,212-2 treatment also prevented PILO-mediated impairment of CB1R/NR2B interactions and NR2B subunit internalization, suggesting a possible role of CB1R in NR2B-containing NMDAR turn over. All the effects observed in animals treated with WIN 55,212-2 were blocked by pretreatment with the selective CB1R antagonist AM251 (1 mg/kg, ip) given 45 min before PILO injection. These results, obtained in vivo in post-PILO-induced SE, provide new insights on the early cellular responses during epileptogenesis and identify new CB1R-mediated mechanisms by which cannabinoids may prevent the development of chronic epilepsy.

Feride Severcan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • investigation of compositional structural and dynamical changes of pentylenetetrazol induced seizures on a rat brain by ft ir spectroscopy
    Analytical Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Sevgi Turker, Gul Ilbay, Mete Severcan, Feride Severcan
    Abstract:

    To accomplish the appropriate treatment strategies of epilepsy action mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures should be lightened. The identification of epileptic seizure-induced alterations on the brain related to their pathologies may provide information for its action mechanism. Therefore, the current study determined molecular consequences of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), which is a widely used Convulsant Agent, on rat brain. The rats were administered subConvulsant (25 mg/kg) and Convulsant (60 mg/kg) doses of PTZ during a week, and brain tissues were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Results revealed a decrease in lipid fluidity and lipid and protein content and also the differences in membrane packing by changing the nature of hydrogen bonding as indicated by the C═O, the PO–2 symmetric, and asymmetric bands. Monitoring of the olefinic band elicited seizure-induced lipid peroxidation further confirmed by the thiobarbituric acid (TBAR) assay. Additionally, P...

  • Investigation of Compositional, Structural, and Dynamical Changes of Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures on a Rat Brain by FT-IR Spectroscopy
    2014
    Co-Authors: Sevgi Turker, Gul Ilbay, Mete Severcan, Feride Severcan
    Abstract:

    To accomplish the appropriate treatment strategies of epilepsy action mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures should be lightened. The identification of epileptic seizure-induced alterations on the brain related to their pathologies may provide information for its action mechanism. Therefore, the current study determined molecular consequences of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), which is a widely used Convulsant Agent, on rat brain. The rats were administered subConvulsant (25 mg/kg) and Convulsant (60 mg/kg) doses of PTZ during a week, and brain tissues were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Results revealed a decrease in lipid fluidity and lipid and protein content and also the differences in membrane packing by changing the nature of hydrogen bonding as indicated by the CO, the PO–2 symmetric, and asymmetric bands. Monitoring of the olefinic band elicited seizure-induced lipid peroxidation further confirmed by the thiobarbituric acid (TBAR) assay. Additionally, PTZ-induced convulsions led to alterations in protein structures obtained by neural network (NN) predictions like an increase in random coils. On the basis of the spectral changes, treated samples could be successfully differentiated from the controls by cluster analysis. Consequently, the convulsive dose of PTZ caused more significant molecular variations compared to the subconvulsive one. All findings might have an important role in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying epileptic activities

Melvin D Yahr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • novel dopamine releasing response of an anti Convulsant Agent with possible anti parkinson s activity
    Journal of Neural Transmission, 2004
    Co-Authors: M R Gluck, L A Santana, H Granson, Melvin D Yahr
    Abstract:

    We used cerebral microdialysis to assess the ability of the antiConvulsant drug Zonisamide (ZNS) to release striatal dopamine in 6-hydroxydopamine nigrotomized rats. Following exogeneously administered ZNS we measured dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels in striatal dialysates obtained from the ipsilateral side of the nigrotomy. ZNS administration alone had no effect on levels of DA and its metabolites or rotational behavior. Administration of carbidopa-levodopa alone led to small but insignificant increases in rotational behavior contralateral to the side of the nigrotomy but no corresponding increases in indices of striatal catecholamine release. In contrast, if animals were preloaded with carbidopa and ZNS was co-administered with levodopa 30 minutes later significant increases in contralateral rotational behavior occurred within 20 minutes of ZNS-levodopa injection that lasted for at least 90 minutes. In contrast to the uniform rotational behavioral responses observed in all our nigrotomized animals, less than half demonstrated neurochemical evidence of DA release. In these "responder" animals DOPAC levels increased 300% following carbidopa-levodopa-ZNS administration. We conclude that these results support previously reported findings and provide additional evidence that the antiConvulsant ZNS appears to possess anti-Parkinson's properties. ZNS could therefore be a novel Agent for the treatment of PD that could delay the use of or reduce the amount of levodopa needed to treat patients with PD.

Sevgi Turker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • investigation of compositional structural and dynamical changes of pentylenetetrazol induced seizures on a rat brain by ft ir spectroscopy
    Analytical Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Sevgi Turker, Gul Ilbay, Mete Severcan, Feride Severcan
    Abstract:

    To accomplish the appropriate treatment strategies of epilepsy action mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures should be lightened. The identification of epileptic seizure-induced alterations on the brain related to their pathologies may provide information for its action mechanism. Therefore, the current study determined molecular consequences of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), which is a widely used Convulsant Agent, on rat brain. The rats were administered subConvulsant (25 mg/kg) and Convulsant (60 mg/kg) doses of PTZ during a week, and brain tissues were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Results revealed a decrease in lipid fluidity and lipid and protein content and also the differences in membrane packing by changing the nature of hydrogen bonding as indicated by the C═O, the PO–2 symmetric, and asymmetric bands. Monitoring of the olefinic band elicited seizure-induced lipid peroxidation further confirmed by the thiobarbituric acid (TBAR) assay. Additionally, P...

  • Investigation of Compositional, Structural, and Dynamical Changes of Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures on a Rat Brain by FT-IR Spectroscopy
    2014
    Co-Authors: Sevgi Turker, Gul Ilbay, Mete Severcan, Feride Severcan
    Abstract:

    To accomplish the appropriate treatment strategies of epilepsy action mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures should be lightened. The identification of epileptic seizure-induced alterations on the brain related to their pathologies may provide information for its action mechanism. Therefore, the current study determined molecular consequences of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), which is a widely used Convulsant Agent, on rat brain. The rats were administered subConvulsant (25 mg/kg) and Convulsant (60 mg/kg) doses of PTZ during a week, and brain tissues were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Results revealed a decrease in lipid fluidity and lipid and protein content and also the differences in membrane packing by changing the nature of hydrogen bonding as indicated by the CO, the PO–2 symmetric, and asymmetric bands. Monitoring of the olefinic band elicited seizure-induced lipid peroxidation further confirmed by the thiobarbituric acid (TBAR) assay. Additionally, PTZ-induced convulsions led to alterations in protein structures obtained by neural network (NN) predictions like an increase in random coils. On the basis of the spectral changes, treated samples could be successfully differentiated from the controls by cluster analysis. Consequently, the convulsive dose of PTZ caused more significant molecular variations compared to the subconvulsive one. All findings might have an important role in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying epileptic activities

Campbell G Teskey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • motor map expansion in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy is dependent on seizure severity and rat strain
    Experimental Neurology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Nicole A Young, Jennifer Vuong, Lana J Ozen, Corey Flynn, Campbell G Teskey
    Abstract:

    Functional alterations in movement representations (motor maps) have been observed in some people with epilepsy and, under experimental control, electrically-kindled seizures in rats also result in persistently larger motor maps. To determine if a single event of status epilepticus and its latent consequences can affect motor map expression, we assessed forelimb motor maps in rats using the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. We examined both pilocarpine-induced seizures, and status epilepticus (SE) in two strains that differ in their propensity for epileptogenesis; Wistar and Long-Evans. Pilocarpine was administered intraperitoneally at dosages that resulted in equivalent proportions of seizures, SE, and survival in both strains. Rats from both strains were given saline injections as a control. Diazepam was administered to all rats to attenuate seizure activity and promote survival. All rats had high-resolution movement representations derived using standard intracortical microstimulation methodologies at 48 h, 1 week, or 3 weeks following treatment. Pilocarpine-induced seizures only gave rise to motor map enlargement in Wistar rats, which also showed interictal spiking, and only at 3 weeks post-treatment indicating altered motor map expression in this strain following a latent or maturational period. Pilocarpine-induced SE yielded larger motor maps at all time points in Wistar rats but only a transient (48 h) map expansion in Long-Evans rats. Our results demonstrate that seizures and SE induced by a Convulsant Agent alter the functional expression of motor maps that is dependent on seizure severity and a genetic (strain) predisposition to develop epileptiform events.