The Experts below are selected from a list of 153 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
H B Rubin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of a nutritional supplement on Coprophagia a study of three cases
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1993Co-Authors: Charles Bugle, H B RubinAbstract:Abstract The cases of three individuals with profound mental retardation and long histories of Coprophagia (ingestion of feces) were studied to determine if fecal material could be providing a nutrient that was unavailable from a standard institutional diet. In each case the individual was provided with a daily oral supplement of an “elemental diet”, which, at twice the dose administered, would provide all the nutrients necessary for sustenance. The frequency of Coprophagia was decreased in all three cases when they received the supplemental nutrients as compared to when they were maintained on a balanced institutional diet alone.
Charles Bugle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of a nutritional supplement on Coprophagia a study of three cases
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1993Co-Authors: Charles Bugle, H B RubinAbstract:Abstract The cases of three individuals with profound mental retardation and long histories of Coprophagia (ingestion of feces) were studied to determine if fecal material could be providing a nutrient that was unavailable from a standard institutional diet. In each case the individual was provided with a daily oral supplement of an “elemental diet”, which, at twice the dose administered, would provide all the nutrients necessary for sustenance. The frequency of Coprophagia was decreased in all three cases when they received the supplemental nutrients as compared to when they were maintained on a balanced institutional diet alone.
Leonardo Emberti Gialloreti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aripiprazole treatment for Coprophagia in autistic disorder
Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2010Co-Authors: Matteo Pardini, Silvia Guida, Leonardo Emberti GialloretiAbstract:To the Editor: Coprophagia (ingestion of feces) is considered a variant of pica that can generate intense emotional reactions in those exposed to it. To date, its psychopathological bases remain ill-understood, and clear evidence for its treatment is lacking. We report a case of Coprophagia occurring in a young man with autistic spectrum disorder that subsided after a short treatment with aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic with D2 partial agonist properties, 5HT2A antagonist actions, and 5HT1A partial agonist actions. Case Report Our patient is a 29-year-old man with high-functioning autistic spectrum disorder, diagnosed by experienced clinicians and confirmed by validated scales. While severely impaired in spoken expression, the patient presented with some written communication skills and was able to complete high school. In his usual state of health, the patient presented with motor stereotypies and significant impairment in social interactions, consistent with his diagnosis. History was negative for difficulties with toilet training or significant bowel disease. The patient developed Coprophagia with a daily frequency while under treatment with risperidone, 0.5 mg b.i.d. At the same time, the patient also showed an increase in aberrant motor behaviors. Blood studies, including thiamine concentration, and neurological examination were unrevealing. Mental status examination was unchanged, and it was negative for thought or perceptual disturbances. After 2 weeks without any behavioral changes, treatment with risperidone was discontinued, and aripiprazole, 15 mg/day, was prescribed to the patient. After 4 weeks of aripiprazole treatment, the patient presented a marked reduction in the coprophagic behaviors, which receded substantially after 8 weeks of treatment. The drug was well tolerated with no side effects. Discussion Coprophagia has been linked with different conditions including melancholia, schizophrenia, mental retardation, and organic brain disorders 1 while its occurrence in
Franz Josef Conraths - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oocysts of neospora caninum hammondia heydorni toxoplasma gondii and hammondia hammondi in faeces collected from dogs in germany
International Journal for Parasitology, 2005Co-Authors: Gereon Schares, Nikola Pantchev, C Bauer, Alfred O. Heydorn, D Barutzki, Franz Josef ConrathsAbstract:Abstract Faecal samples of 24,089 dogs were examined coproscopically in two veterinary laboratories in Germany between March 2001 and October 2004. In 47 dogs, oocysts of 9–14 μm size were found. Their morphology was similar to those of Hammondia heydorni and Neospora caninum. Samples of 28 of these dogs were further examined by inoculation into gerbils: seven isolates induced a specific antibody response against antigens of N. caninum NC-1 tachyzoites. This response suggests that the isolates contained N. caninum. In addition to H. heydorni (12 times isolated), Toxoplasma gondii occysts (twice) and Hammondia hammondi oocysts (twice) were observed in dog faeces. The latter findings suggest that Coprophagia with a subsequent intestinal passage by dogs plays a role in the dissemination of coccidian parasites for which cats are definitive hosts. Five of the seven N. caninum (NC-GER2, NC-GER3, NC-GER4, NC-GER5, NC-GER6) and the two T. gondii isolates (TG-dgGER1, TG-dgGER2) were successfully passaged into cell culture and are now available for detailed characterization. In contrast to oocysts of other parasites, N. caninum oocysts were predominantly found between January and April (Fisher exact; P=0.038). In the sera of dogs shedding N. caninum, no reactions against the immunodominant antigens with apparent molecular weights of 19, 29, 30, 33 and 37 kDa of N. caninum tachyzoites were observed 3–5 weeks after shedding. However, the animals recognized a 152-kDa N. caninum antigen. Compared with those identified as H. heydorni, T. gondii or H. hammondi, N. caninum oocyst isolates were significantly smaller in length with the 75th percentiles ≤10.7 μm when measured in concentrated sucrose solution and smaller length–width ratios with the 75th percentiles ≤1.06. It may thus be possible to develop criteria for a preliminary identification of N. caninum in dog faeces based on the oocyst morphology.
A M Polderman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of pigs as transport hosts of the human helminths oesophagostomum bifurcum and necator americanus
Acta Tropica, 2000Co-Authors: Nina R Steenhard, Lawrence Yelifari, Peter Nansen, P. A. Storey, A M PoldermanAbstract:Abstract We conducted a study in an endemic area of both Oesophagostomum bifurcum and Necator americanus in northern Ghana to examine the possibility of pigs acting as transport hosts for these two human helminth species, due to the commonly observed coprophagic habits of pigs. Under controlled conditions four parasite-free pigs consumed fresh faeces from people heavily infected with both helminths, and faeces were subsequently collected from the rectum of the pigs from 5 to 50 h post-feeding. Four to five per cent of the O. bifurcum and N. americanus eggs fed to the pigs were viable and retrieved as third-stage larvae after coproculture of the pigs’ faeces. We discuss the possible impact of the coprophagic habits of pigs as potential parasite transport hosts during different seasons in this area of West Africa.