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Peter Kuppens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the dynamic interplay between appraisal and Core Affect in daily life
Frontiers in Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Dominique Champagne, Peter Kuppens, Francis TuerlinckxAbstract:Appraisals and Core Affect are both considered central to the experience of emotion. In this study we examine the bidirectional relationships between these two components of emotional experience by examining how Core Affect changes following how people appraise events and how appraisals in turn change following how they feel in daily life. In an experience sampling study, participants recorded their Core Affect and appraisals of ongoing events; data were analyzed using cross-lagged multilevel modeling. Valence-appraisal relationships were found to be characterized by congruency: The same appraisals that were associated with a change in pleasure-displeasure (motivational congruency, other-agency, coping potential, and future expectancy), changed themselves as a function of pleasure-displeasure. In turn, mainly secondary appraisals of who is responsible and how one is able to cope with events were associated with changes in arousal, which itself is followed by changes in the future appraised relevance of events. These results integrate Core Affect and appraisal approaches to emotion by demonstrating the dynamic interplay of how appraisals are followed by changes in Core Affect which in turn change our basis for judging future events.
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the relationship between individual differences in intraindividual variability in Core Affect and interpersonal behaviour
European Journal of Personality, 2010Co-Authors: Tinneke Timmermans, Iven Van Mechelen, Peter KuppensAbstract:How people’s feelings and interpersonal behaviour change across time can be represented as movements within a Core Affect and an interpersonal space. To gain insight into the relationship between Affect and behaviour dynamics, the present study examined how individual differences in intraindividual variability in Core Affect relate to those in interpersonal behaviour, and how both are related to personality traits. In an experience sampling study, 63 participants were asked to monitor their Core Affect during one week and their interpersonal behaviour during another one. The results demonstrated a fairly consistent correspondence between several indices of people’s variability in Core Affect and interpersonal behaviour, indicating that emotional lability also signals behavioural volatility and vice versa. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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feelings change accounting for individual differences in the temporal dynamics of Affect
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Peter Kuppens, Zita Oravecz, Francis TuerlinckxAbstract:People display a remarkable variability in the patterns and trajectories with which their feelings change over time. In this article, we present a theoretical account for the dynamics of Affect (DynAffect) that identifies the major processes underlying individual differences in the temporal dynamics of Affective experiences. It is hypothesized that individuals are characterized by an Affective home base, a baseline attractor state around which Affect fluctuates. These fluctuations vary as the result of internal or external processes to which an individual is more or less sensitive and are regulated and tied back to the home base by the attractor strength. Individual differences in these 3 processes—Affective home base, variability, and attractor strength—are proposed to underlie individual differences in Affect dynamics. The DynAffect account is empirically evaluated by means of a diffusion modeling approach in 2 extensive experience-sampling studies on people’s Core Affective experiences. The findings show that the model is capable of adequately capturing the observed dynamics in Core Affect across both large (Study 1) and shorter time scales (Study 2) and illuminate how the key processes are related to personality and emotion dispositions. Implications for the understanding of Affect dynamics and Affective dysfunctioning in psychopathology are also discussed.
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individual differences in Core Affect variability and their relationship to personality and psychological adjustment
Emotion, 2007Co-Authors: Peter Kuppens, Dorien Dossche, Iven Van Mechelen, John B. Nezlek, Tinneke TimmermansAbstract:Summary statistics for the measures describing the Core Affectcharacteristics are presented in Table 1. Participants average CoreAffect was positively pleasant and activated. Both were signifi-cantly greater than 0; t(57) 9.26, t(57) 3.08, both ps .01.Regarding reliability, SpearmanBrown split-half reliability co-efficients were calculated on the basis of data from the second,third, and fourth day of sampling and data from the fifth, sixth, andseventh day of sampling. These values equaled .65, .69, .66, .81,.65, and .69, for mean valence, mean activation, valence variabil-ity, activation variability, pulse, and spin, respectively, indicatinggood reliability. Relationships Between Core Affect TrajectoryCharacteristics In Table 1, the correlations between the Core Affect trajectorycharacteristics are presented. As can be seen in these results, meanvalence and mean activation were relatively independent. In turn,the various variability measures were moderately to strongly cor-related. A strong negative correlation was also found betweenmean valence and spin (quality variability). Weaker, but signifi-cant, negative correlations were found between mean valence andvalence variability and pulse, and between mean activation andspin.
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individual differences in Core Affect variability and their relationship to personality and psychological adjustment
Emotion, 2007Co-Authors: Peter Kuppens, Dorien Dossche, John B. Nezlek, Iven Van Mechelen, Tinneke TimmermansAbstract:How people's feelings change across time can be represented as trajectories in a Core Affect space defined by the dimensions of valence and activation. In this article, the authors analyzed individual differences in within-person Affective variability defined as characteristics of Core Affect trajectories, introducing new ways to conceptualize Affective variability. In 2 studies, participants provided multiple reports across time describing how they were feeling in terms of Core Affect. From these data, characteristics of participants' Core Affect trajectories were derived. Across both studies, Core Affect variability was negatively related to average valence, self-esteem, and agreeableness, and it was positively related to neuroticism and depression. Moreover, spin, a measure of how much people experienced qualitatively different feelings within the Core Affect space, was related more consistently to trait measures of adjustment and personality than other measures of within-person variability, including widely used measures of within-person single-dimension standard deviations.
Tinneke Timmermans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationship between individual differences in intraindividual variability in Core Affect and interpersonal behaviour
European Journal of Personality, 2010Co-Authors: Tinneke Timmermans, Iven Van Mechelen, Peter KuppensAbstract:How people’s feelings and interpersonal behaviour change across time can be represented as movements within a Core Affect and an interpersonal space. To gain insight into the relationship between Affect and behaviour dynamics, the present study examined how individual differences in intraindividual variability in Core Affect relate to those in interpersonal behaviour, and how both are related to personality traits. In an experience sampling study, 63 participants were asked to monitor their Core Affect during one week and their interpersonal behaviour during another one. The results demonstrated a fairly consistent correspondence between several indices of people’s variability in Core Affect and interpersonal behaviour, indicating that emotional lability also signals behavioural volatility and vice versa. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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individual differences in Core Affect variability and their relationship to personality and psychological adjustment
Emotion, 2007Co-Authors: Peter Kuppens, Dorien Dossche, Iven Van Mechelen, John B. Nezlek, Tinneke TimmermansAbstract:Summary statistics for the measures describing the Core Affectcharacteristics are presented in Table 1. Participants average CoreAffect was positively pleasant and activated. Both were signifi-cantly greater than 0; t(57) 9.26, t(57) 3.08, both ps .01.Regarding reliability, SpearmanBrown split-half reliability co-efficients were calculated on the basis of data from the second,third, and fourth day of sampling and data from the fifth, sixth, andseventh day of sampling. These values equaled .65, .69, .66, .81,.65, and .69, for mean valence, mean activation, valence variabil-ity, activation variability, pulse, and spin, respectively, indicatinggood reliability. Relationships Between Core Affect TrajectoryCharacteristics In Table 1, the correlations between the Core Affect trajectorycharacteristics are presented. As can be seen in these results, meanvalence and mean activation were relatively independent. In turn,the various variability measures were moderately to strongly cor-related. A strong negative correlation was also found betweenmean valence and spin (quality variability). Weaker, but signifi-cant, negative correlations were found between mean valence andvalence variability and pulse, and between mean activation andspin.
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individual differences in Core Affect variability and their relationship to personality and psychological adjustment
Emotion, 2007Co-Authors: Peter Kuppens, Dorien Dossche, John B. Nezlek, Iven Van Mechelen, Tinneke TimmermansAbstract:How people's feelings change across time can be represented as trajectories in a Core Affect space defined by the dimensions of valence and activation. In this article, the authors analyzed individual differences in within-person Affective variability defined as characteristics of Core Affect trajectories, introducing new ways to conceptualize Affective variability. In 2 studies, participants provided multiple reports across time describing how they were feeling in terms of Core Affect. From these data, characteristics of participants' Core Affect trajectories were derived. Across both studies, Core Affect variability was negatively related to average valence, self-esteem, and agreeableness, and it was positively related to neuroticism and depression. Moreover, spin, a measure of how much people experienced qualitatively different feelings within the Core Affect space, was related more consistently to trait measures of adjustment and personality than other measures of within-person variability, including widely used measures of within-person single-dimension standard deviations.
Francis Tuerlinckx - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the dynamic interplay between appraisal and Core Affect in daily life
Frontiers in Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Dominique Champagne, Peter Kuppens, Francis TuerlinckxAbstract:Appraisals and Core Affect are both considered central to the experience of emotion. In this study we examine the bidirectional relationships between these two components of emotional experience by examining how Core Affect changes following how people appraise events and how appraisals in turn change following how they feel in daily life. In an experience sampling study, participants recorded their Core Affect and appraisals of ongoing events; data were analyzed using cross-lagged multilevel modeling. Valence-appraisal relationships were found to be characterized by congruency: The same appraisals that were associated with a change in pleasure-displeasure (motivational congruency, other-agency, coping potential, and future expectancy), changed themselves as a function of pleasure-displeasure. In turn, mainly secondary appraisals of who is responsible and how one is able to cope with events were associated with changes in arousal, which itself is followed by changes in the future appraised relevance of events. These results integrate Core Affect and appraisal approaches to emotion by demonstrating the dynamic interplay of how appraisals are followed by changes in Core Affect which in turn change our basis for judging future events.
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a hierarchical latent stochastic differential equation model for Affective dynamics
Psychological Methods, 2011Co-Authors: Zita Oravecz, Francis Tuerlinckx, Joachim VandekerckhoveAbstract:In this article a continuous-time stochastic model (the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process) is presented to model the perpetually altering states of the Core Affect, which is a 2-dimensional concept underlying all our Affective experiences. The process model that we propose can account for the temporal changes in Core Affect on the latent level. The key parameters of the model are the average position (also called home base), the variances and covariances of the process, and the regulatory mechanisms that keep the process in the vicinity of the average position. To account for individual differences, the model is extended hierarchically. A particularly novel contribution is that in principle all parameters of the stochastic process (not only the mean but also its variance and the regulatory parameters) are allowed to differ between individuals. In this way, the aim is to understand the Affective dynamics of single individuals and at the same time investigate how these individuals differ from one another. The final model is a continuous-time state-space model for repeated measurement data taken at possibly irregular time points. Both time-invariant and time-varying covariates can be included to investigate sources of individual differences. As an illustration, the model is applied to a diary study measuring Core Affect repeatedly for several individuals (thereby generating intensive longitudinal data).
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feelings change accounting for individual differences in the temporal dynamics of Affect
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Peter Kuppens, Zita Oravecz, Francis TuerlinckxAbstract:People display a remarkable variability in the patterns and trajectories with which their feelings change over time. In this article, we present a theoretical account for the dynamics of Affect (DynAffect) that identifies the major processes underlying individual differences in the temporal dynamics of Affective experiences. It is hypothesized that individuals are characterized by an Affective home base, a baseline attractor state around which Affect fluctuates. These fluctuations vary as the result of internal or external processes to which an individual is more or less sensitive and are regulated and tied back to the home base by the attractor strength. Individual differences in these 3 processes—Affective home base, variability, and attractor strength—are proposed to underlie individual differences in Affect dynamics. The DynAffect account is empirically evaluated by means of a diffusion modeling approach in 2 extensive experience-sampling studies on people’s Core Affective experiences. The findings show that the model is capable of adequately capturing the observed dynamics in Core Affect across both large (Study 1) and shorter time scales (Study 2) and illuminate how the key processes are related to personality and emotion dispositions. Implications for the understanding of Affect dynamics and Affective dysfunctioning in psychopathology are also discussed.
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a hierarchical ornstein uhlenbeck model for continuous repeated measurement data
Psychometrika, 2009Co-Authors: Zita Oravecz, Francis Tuerlinckx, Joachim VandekerckhoveAbstract:In this paper, we present a diffusion model for the analysis of continuous-time change in multivariate longitudinal data. The central idea is to model the data from a single person with an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck diffusion process. We extend it hierarchically by allowing the parameters of the diffusion process to vary randomly over different persons. With this approach, both intra and interindividual differences are analyzed simultaneously. Furthermore, the individual difference parameters can be regressed on covariates, thereby providing an explanation of between-person differences. Unstructured and unbalanced data pose no problem for the model to be applied. We demonstrate the method on data from an experience sampling study to investigate changes in the Core Affect. It can be concluded that different factors from the five factor model of personality are related to features of the trajectories in the Core Affect space, such as the cross-correlation and variability of the changes.
Lisa Feldman Barrett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from Affect to control functional specialization of the insula in motivation and regulation
bioRxiv, 2017Co-Authors: Tor D Wager, Lisa Feldman BarrettAbstract:The insula plays a key role in a wide range of brain processes, from viscerosensation and pain to motivation, emotion, and cognitive control. While human neuroimaging studies in all these domains report activations in the insula, little systematic attention is paid to anatomical subdivisions that may provide the basis for functional sub-regions. We conducted a meta-analysis of insular tasks across studies in four domains: emotion, pain, attention switching, and working memory. Using a priori subdivision of the insula based on anatomical studies, we provide evidence that different sub-regions are preferentially activated in different tasks. We suggest that the ventral anterior insula is most important for Core Affect, a term that describes broadly-tuned motivational states (e.g., excitement) with associated subjective feelings. The dorsal anterior insula, by contrast, may be critical for developing and updating motivational states with specific associated actions (i.e., goals). This region is activated by cognitive control tasks, pain, and some tasks that elicit Affective processing. The posterior insula, including SII and portions of parietal operculum, is distinctly activated by pain, providing a double dissociation between pain and tasks that elicit emotions.
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the role of Affective experience in work motivation test of a conceptual model
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2010Co-Authors: Myeong-gu Seo, Jean M. Bartunek, Lisa Feldman BarrettAbstract:The purpose of this paper was to contribute to understanding of the crucial role of emotion in work motivation by testing a conceptual model developed by Seo, Barrett, and Bartunek (2004) that predicted the impacts of Core Affect on three behavioral outcomes of work motivation, generative-defensive orientation, effort, and persistence. We tested the model using an Internet-based investment simulation combined with an experience sampling procedure. Consistent with the predictions of the model, pleasantness was positively related to all three of the predicted indices. For the most part, these effects occurred indirectly via its relationships with expectancy, valence, and progress judgment components. Also as predicted by the model, activation was directly and positively related to effort. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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constructing emotion the experience of fear as a conceptual act
Psychological Science, 2008Co-Authors: Kristen A Lindquist, Lisa Feldman BarrettAbstract:This study examined the hypothesis that emotion is a psychological event constructed from the more basic elements of Core Affect and conceptual knowledge. Participants were primed with conceptual knowledge of fear, conceptual knowledge of anger, or a neutral prime and then proceeded through an Affect-induction procedure designed to induce unpleasant, high-arousal Affect or a neutral Affective state. As predicted, only those individuals for whom conceptual knowledge of fear had been primed experienced unpleasant Core Affect as evidence that the world was threatening. This study provides the first experimental support for the hypothesis that people experience world-focused emotion when they conceptualize their Core Affective state using accessible knowledge about emotion.
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Core Affect prototypical emotional episodes and other things called emotion dissecting the elephant
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1999Co-Authors: James A Russell, Lisa Feldman BarrettAbstract:What is the structure of emotion? Emotion is too broad a class of events to be a single scientific category, and no one structure suffices. As an illustration, Core Affect is distinguished from prototypical emotional episode. Core Affect refers to consciously accessible elemental processes of pleasure and activation, has many causes, and is always present. Its structure involves two bipolar dimensions. Prototypical emotional episode refers to a complex process that unfolds over time, involves causally connected subevents (antecedent; appraisal; physiological, Affective, and cognitive changes; behavioral response; self-categorization), has one perceived cause, and is rare. Its structure involves categories (anger, fear, shame, jealousy, etc.) vertically organized as a fuzzy hierarchy and horizontally organized as part of a circumplex.
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Core Affect prototypical emotional episodes and other things called emotion dissecting the elephant
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1999Co-Authors: James A Russell, Lisa Feldman BarrettAbstract:What is the structure of emotion? Emotion is too broad a class of events to be a single scientific category, and no one structure suffices. As an illustration, Core Affect is distinguished from prototypical emotional episode. Core Affect refers to consciously accessible elemental processes of pleasure and activation, has many causes, and is always present. Its structure involves two bipolar dimensions. Prototypical emotional episode refers to a complex process that unfolds over time, involves causally connected subevents (antecedent; appraisal; physiological, Affective, and cognitive changes; behavioral response; self-categorization), has one perceived cause, and is rare. Its structure involves categories (anger, fear, shame, jealousy, etc.) vertically organized as a fuzzy hierarchy and horizontally organized as part of a circumplex.
Matthew D Lieberman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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posttraumatic stress disorder and the social brain Affect related disruption of the default and mirror networks
Depression and Anxiety, 2019Co-Authors: Kevin M Tan, Lisa J Burklund, Michelle G Craske, Matthew D LiebermanAbstract:BACKGROUND Social cognitive impairments, specifically in mentalizing and emotion recognition, are common and debilitating symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite this, little is known about the neurobiology of these impairments, as there are currently no published neuroimaging investigations of social inference in PTSD. METHODS Trauma-exposed veterans with and without PTSD (n = 20 each) performed the Why/How social inference task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Patients with PTSD had two fMRI sessions, between which they underwent Affect labeling training. We probed the primary networks of the "social brain"-the default mode network (DMN) and mirror neuron system (MNS)-by examining neural activity evoked by mentalizing and action identification prompts, which were paired with emotional and nonemotional targets. RESULTS Hyperactivation to emotional stimuli differentiated PTSD patients from controls, correlated with symptom severity, and predicted training outcomes. Critically, these effects were nonsignificant or marginal for nonemotional stimuli. Results were generally consistent throughout DMN and MNS. Unexpectedly, effects were nonsignificant in Core Affect regions, but robust in regions that overlap with the dorsal attention, ventral attention, and frontoparietal control networks. CONCLUSIONS The array of social cognitive processes subserved by DMN and MNS appear to be inordinately selective for emotional stimuli in PTSD. However, Core Affective processes do not appear to be the primary instigators of such selectivity. Instead, we propose that Affective attentional biases may instigate widespread Affect-selectivity throughout the social brain. Affect labeling training may inhibit such biases. These accounts align with numerous reports of Affect-biased attentional processes in PTSD.
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posttraumatic stress disorder and the social brain Affect related disruption of the default and mirror networks
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Kevin M Tan, Lisa J Burklund, Michelle G Craske, Matthew D LiebermanAbstract:Abstract Background Social impairments, specifically in mentalizing and emotion recognition, are common and debilitating symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite this, little is known about the neural underpinnings of these impairments, as there have been no published neuroimaging investigations of social inference in PTSD. Methods Trauma-exposed veterans with and without PTSD (N = 20 each) performed the Why/How social inference task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The PTSD group had two fMRI sessions, between which they underwent Affect labeling training. We probed the primary networks of the “social brain”—the default mode network (DMN) and mirror neuron system (MNS)—by examining neural activity evoked by mentalizing and action identification prompts, which were paired with emotional and non-emotional targets. Results Hyperactivation to emotional stimuli differentiated PTSD patients from controls, correlated with symptom severity, and predicted training outcomes. Critically, these effects were generally non-significant for non-emotional stimuli. PTSD-related effects were widely distributed throughout DMN and MNS. Effects were strongest in regions associated with the dorsal attention, ventral attention, and frontoparietal control networks. Unexpectedly, effects were non-significant in Core Affect regions. Conclusions The array of social cognitive processes subserved by DMN and MNS may be inordinately selective for emotional stimuli in PTSD. This selectivity may be tightly linked with attentional processes, as effects were strongest in attention-related regions. Putatively, we propose an attentional account of social inference dysfunction in PTSD, in which Affective attentional biases drive widespread Affect-selectivity throughout the social brain. This account aligns with numerous findings of Affect-biased attentional processing in PTSD.