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K. Engelke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Quality and performance measures in bone densitometry
    Osteoporosis International, 2006
    Co-Authors: C. C. Glüer, Y. Lu, K. Engelke
    Abstract:

    Introduction This is part 2 of a Core Chapter of the forthcoming Report on Bone Densitometry commissioned by the International Commission on Radiation Units (ICRU). It is written with the aim to review definitions of quantities and units used in bone densitometry research and to describe parameters and methods that can be used to compare and standardize densitometric equipment and measurements. Part 2 of this Chapter contains the section on fracture risk. Performance measures in the assessment of fracture risk Building on concepts of risk assessment, including risk ratios and odds ratios, we review statistical concepts commonly used in cross-sectional and prospective fracture studies. Performance measures are defined that allow a comparison of the ability of densitometry techniques to assess fracture risk. Discussion The methods of discriminant analysis, logistic regression, Poisson regression models, and the Cox proportional hazard model are presented and compared. In addition, statistical concepts to characterize risk for the individual patient are reviewed.

  • Quality and performance measures in bone densitometry Part 2: Fracture risk
    Osteoporosis International, 2006
    Co-Authors: C. C. Glüer, Y. Lu, K. Engelke
    Abstract:

    Introduction: This is part 2 of a Core Chapter of the forthcoming Report on Bone Densitometry commis- sioned by the International Commission on Radiation Units (ICRU). It is written with the aim to review defi- nitions of quantities and units used in bone densitometry research and to describe parameters and methods that can be used to compare and standardize densitometric equip- ment and measurements. Part 2 of this Chapter contains the section on fracture risk. Performance measures in the assessment of fracture risk: Building on concepts of risk assessment, including risk ratios and odds ratios, we re- view statistical concepts commonly used in cross-sectional and prospective fracture studies. Performance measures are defined that allow a comparison of the ability of densi- tometrytechniquestoassessfracturerisk. Discussion: The methods of discriminant analysis, logistic regression, Pois- son regression models, and the Cox proportional hazard model are presented and compared. In addition, statistical concepts to characterize risk for the individual patient are reviewed.

C. C. Glüer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Quality and performance measures in bone densitometry
    Osteoporosis International, 2006
    Co-Authors: C. C. Glüer, Y. Lu, K. Engelke
    Abstract:

    Introduction This is part 2 of a Core Chapter of the forthcoming Report on Bone Densitometry commissioned by the International Commission on Radiation Units (ICRU). It is written with the aim to review definitions of quantities and units used in bone densitometry research and to describe parameters and methods that can be used to compare and standardize densitometric equipment and measurements. Part 2 of this Chapter contains the section on fracture risk. Performance measures in the assessment of fracture risk Building on concepts of risk assessment, including risk ratios and odds ratios, we review statistical concepts commonly used in cross-sectional and prospective fracture studies. Performance measures are defined that allow a comparison of the ability of densitometry techniques to assess fracture risk. Discussion The methods of discriminant analysis, logistic regression, Poisson regression models, and the Cox proportional hazard model are presented and compared. In addition, statistical concepts to characterize risk for the individual patient are reviewed.

  • Quality and performance measures in bone densitometry Part 2: Fracture risk
    Osteoporosis International, 2006
    Co-Authors: C. C. Glüer, Y. Lu, K. Engelke
    Abstract:

    Introduction: This is part 2 of a Core Chapter of the forthcoming Report on Bone Densitometry commis- sioned by the International Commission on Radiation Units (ICRU). It is written with the aim to review defi- nitions of quantities and units used in bone densitometry research and to describe parameters and methods that can be used to compare and standardize densitometric equip- ment and measurements. Part 2 of this Chapter contains the section on fracture risk. Performance measures in the assessment of fracture risk: Building on concepts of risk assessment, including risk ratios and odds ratios, we re- view statistical concepts commonly used in cross-sectional and prospective fracture studies. Performance measures are defined that allow a comparison of the ability of densi- tometrytechniquestoassessfracturerisk. Discussion: The methods of discriminant analysis, logistic regression, Pois- son regression models, and the Cox proportional hazard model are presented and compared. In addition, statistical concepts to characterize risk for the individual patient are reviewed.

Y. Lu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Quality and performance measures in bone densitometry
    Osteoporosis International, 2006
    Co-Authors: C. C. Glüer, Y. Lu, K. Engelke
    Abstract:

    Introduction This is part 2 of a Core Chapter of the forthcoming Report on Bone Densitometry commissioned by the International Commission on Radiation Units (ICRU). It is written with the aim to review definitions of quantities and units used in bone densitometry research and to describe parameters and methods that can be used to compare and standardize densitometric equipment and measurements. Part 2 of this Chapter contains the section on fracture risk. Performance measures in the assessment of fracture risk Building on concepts of risk assessment, including risk ratios and odds ratios, we review statistical concepts commonly used in cross-sectional and prospective fracture studies. Performance measures are defined that allow a comparison of the ability of densitometry techniques to assess fracture risk. Discussion The methods of discriminant analysis, logistic regression, Poisson regression models, and the Cox proportional hazard model are presented and compared. In addition, statistical concepts to characterize risk for the individual patient are reviewed.

  • Quality and performance measures in bone densitometry Part 2: Fracture risk
    Osteoporosis International, 2006
    Co-Authors: C. C. Glüer, Y. Lu, K. Engelke
    Abstract:

    Introduction: This is part 2 of a Core Chapter of the forthcoming Report on Bone Densitometry commis- sioned by the International Commission on Radiation Units (ICRU). It is written with the aim to review defi- nitions of quantities and units used in bone densitometry research and to describe parameters and methods that can be used to compare and standardize densitometric equip- ment and measurements. Part 2 of this Chapter contains the section on fracture risk. Performance measures in the assessment of fracture risk: Building on concepts of risk assessment, including risk ratios and odds ratios, we re- view statistical concepts commonly used in cross-sectional and prospective fracture studies. Performance measures are defined that allow a comparison of the ability of densi- tometrytechniquestoassessfracturerisk. Discussion: The methods of discriminant analysis, logistic regression, Pois- son regression models, and the Cox proportional hazard model are presented and compared. In addition, statistical concepts to characterize risk for the individual patient are reviewed.

Gustavo Collantes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The California Zero-Emission Vehicle Mandate: A Study of the Policy Process, 1990-2004
    2006
    Co-Authors: Gustavo Collantes
    Abstract:

    The Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) mandate, one of the most daring environmental policies related to transportation, was implemented in September, 1990, by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). It originally required that, starting in 1998, 2% of the in-state new light duty vehicle sales of major automakers had no emissions of criteria pollutants. The required ZEV percentage would be increased to 5% in 2001 and to 10% in 2003. CARB organized biennial reviews of the programs, to elicit stakeholder participation and monitor the evolution of the program. Through this review schedule, the program underwent several revisions resulting from intense policy debates. This dissertation research is concerned with the study of the policy process over the ZEV mandate, from its conception, through its inception, and the biennial reviews, until 2004. The study is structured as three Core Chapters. The first Chapter studies the origin of the ZEV mandate, trying to understand the conditions that favored and the factors that resulted in its implementation. To guide the study in this Chapter, I use the Multiple Streams theoretical framework. The second Chapter presents an empirical study of the policy process during the biennial reviews. This study aims at understanding the dynamics of policy change and coalition stability, identifying the policy dimensions that dominated the debate over time. I use the Advocacy Coalition Framework to frame the study in this Chapter theoretically. The third Core Chapter presents a theoretical study of the strategic policy behavior of the main actors in the policy process. I develop a game-theoretical model of an environmental regulator (CARB) that needs to set emission standards in the presence of multiple industry players (automakers), who in turn need to decide on their level of compliance in the presence of a competitor. The model presented improves over previous published work in the subject. The results of these studies yield numerous conclusions with both theoretical and practical implications. I find that Multiple Streams is useful to understand the origin of the ZEV mandate, while I identify and/or confirm arguments by other scholars about significant limitations in the framework. Through the analysis of the public testimonies given by stakeholders at the biennial reviews, I identify the policy areas of major concern at different points in time along the policy process. I also identify the policy positions of each stakeholder and obtain estimates of the groups of stakeholders with similar policy beliefs (belief coalitions.) I find that these belief coalitions show some stability over time, though less than what was found by previous studies. One of the major conclusions from the model of strategic behavior is that the competitiveness of the auto industry tends to preclude collusion. The regulator may use this industry competitiveness to its advantage and achieve higher social benefits.

  • The California Zero-Emission Vehicle Mandate: A Study of the Policy Process, 1990-2004 - eScholarship
    2006
    Co-Authors: Gustavo Collantes
    Abstract:

    The Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) mandate, one of the most daring environmental policies related to transportation, was implemented in September, 1990, by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). It originally required that, starting in 1998, 2% of the in-state new light duty vehicle sales of major automakers had no emissions of criteria pollutants.The required ZEV percentage would be increased to 5% in 2001 and to 10% in 2003. CARB organized biennial reviews of the programs, to elicit stakeholder participation and monitor evolution of the program. Through this review schedule, the program underwent several revisions resulting from intense policy debates. This dissertation research is concerned with the study of the policy process over the ZEV mandate, from its conception, through its inception, and the biennial reviews, until 2004. The study is structured as three Core Chapters. The first Chapter studies the origin of the ZEV mandate, trying to understand the conditions that favored and the factors that resulted in its implementation. To guide the study in this Chapter, I use the Multiple Streams theoretical framework. The second Chapter presents an empirical study of the policy process during the biennial reviews. This study aims at understanding the dynamics of policy change and coalition stability, identifying the policy dimensions that dominated the debate over time. I use the Advocacy Coalition Framework to frame the study in this Chapter theoretically. The third Core Chapter presents a theoretical study of the strategic policy behavior of the main actors in the policy process. I develop a game-theoretical model of an environmental regulator (CARB) that needs to set emission standards in the presence of multiple industry players (automakers), who in turn need to decide on their level of compliance in the presence of a competitor. The model presented improves over previous published work in the subject. The results of these studies yield numerous conclusions with both theoretical and practical implications. I find that Multiple Streams is useful to understand the origin of the ZEV mandate, while I identify and/or confirm arguments by other scholars about significant limitations in the framework. Through the analysis of the public testimonies given by stakeholders at the biennial reviews, I identify the policy areas of major concern at different points in time along the policy process. I also identify the policy positions of each stakeholder and obtain estimates of the groups of stakeholders with similar policy beliefs (belief coalitions.) I find that these belief coalitions show some stability over time, though less than what was found by previous studies. One of the major conclusions from the model of strategic behavior is that the competitiveness of the auto industry tends to preclude collusion. The regulator may use this industry competitiveness to its advantage and achieve higher social benefits.

  • The California Zero-Emission Vehicle Mandate: A Study of the Policy Process, 1990-2004
    2006
    Co-Authors: Gustavo Collantes
    Abstract:

    The Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) mandate, one of the most daring environmental policies related to transportation, was implemented in September, 1990, by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). It originally required that, starting in 1998, 2% of the in-state new light duty vehicle sales of major automakers had no emissions of criteria pollutants.The required ZEV percentage would be increased to 5% in 2001 and to 10% in 2003. CARB organized biennial reviews of the programs, to elicit stakeholder participation and monitor evolution of the program. Through this review schedule, the program underwent several revisions resulting from intense policy debates. This dissertation research is concerned with the study of the policy process over the ZEV mandate, from its conception, through its inception, and the biennial reviews, until 2004. The study is structured as three Core Chapters. The first Chapter studies the origin of the ZEV mandate, trying to understand the conditions that favored and the factors that resulted in its implementation. To guide the study in this Chapter, I use the Multiple Streams theoretical framework. The second Chapter presents an empirical study of the policy process during the biennial reviews. This study aims at understanding the dynamics of policy change and coalition stability, identifying the policy dimensions that dominated the debate over time. I use the Advocacy Coalition Framework to frame the study in this Chapter theoretically. The third Core Chapter presents a theoretical study of the strategic policy behavior of the main actors in the policy process. I develop a game-theoretical model of an environmental regulator (CARB) that needs to set emission standards in the presence of multiple industry players (automakers), who in turn need to decide on their level of compliance in the presence of a competitor. The model presented improves over previous published work in the subject. The results of these studies yield numerous conclusions with both theoretical and practical implications. I find that Multiple Streams is useful to understand the origin of the ZEV mandate, while I identify and/or confirm arguments by other scholars about significant limitations in the framework. Through the analysis of the public testimonies given by stakeholders at the biennial reviews, I identify the policy areas of major concern at different points in time along the policy process. I also identify the policy positions of each stakeholder and obtain estimates of the groups of stakeholders with similar policy beliefs (belief coalitions.) I find that these belief coalitions show some stability over time, though less than what was found by previous studies. One of the major conclusions from the model of strategic behavior is that the competitiveness of the auto industry tends to preclude collusion. The regulator may use this industry competitiveness to its advantage and achieve higher social benefits.

Heather Silynroberts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the Core Chapter sections and elements of a document
    Writing for Science and Engineering (Second Edition), 2013
    Co-Authors: Heather Silynroberts
    Abstract:

    This Chapter covers the sections and elements required in the various types of documents that a postgraduate may have to prepare. These documents may include a title page, authorship and affiliation, a summary, acknowledgement, table of content, and list of illustrations before moving onto the body of the document. The information that a reader would need to gain immediate access to the main point of the document should be provided in the beginning of the document. It should be neither too general nor too detailed and should contain the necessary key information. It is a mistake to believe that a general title suffices for a journal paper, and that the list of keywords supplied indicates the specifics of the document. Many papers are selected for reading from the titles as they appear in a list of references. An inadequate title may not be followed up. Therefore, a general title should be avoided. One should make sure that the title contains all the information that a reader would look for when deciding whether to read a paper. The Chapter describes how to use tables in a technical document. Tables are essential for looking up specific data and facts. Good design can help the reader find the information efficiently. Disorganized, poorly designed, or cluttered tables are visually hurtful and can easily put a reader off. The Chapter also explains when to use tables and provides guidelines for designing tables.