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Zuefle Marion - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • 2019 New York Sweet Corn Pheromone Trap Network (SCPTN)
    New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, 2019
    Co-Authors: Zuefle Marion
    Abstract:

    NYS IPM Type: Project ReportFor 25 yEars, the Sweet Corn Pheromone Trap Network has been monitoring the flight of three important insect pests of sweet Corn, European Corn borer, Corn earworm, fall armyworm, and more recently, 2010, Western bean cutworm. These insects cause damage to sweet Corn Ears in their larval stage. These pests are moths in their adult stage and can be monitored using traps baited with pheromone lures specific for each species. Traps are placed near sweet Corn fields to monitor moth flights. The weekly trap catch information allows growers, consultants, Cooperative Extension and vegetable processor field staff to track the flights and make informed decisions about when sweet Corn fields need to be scouted or treated with an insecticide. This project was funded in part by in-kind contributions from growers and consultants who host and check traps

  • 2018 New York Sweet Corn Pheromone Trap Network (SCPTN)
    New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, 2018
    Co-Authors: Zuefle Marion
    Abstract:

    NYS IPM Type: Project ReportFor 24 yEars, the Sweet Corn Pheromone Trap Network has been monitoring the flight of three important insect pests of sweet Corn, European Corn borer, Corn earworm, fall armyworm, and more recently, 2010, Western bean cutworm. These insects cause damage to sweet Corn Ears in their larval stage. These pests are moths in their adult stage and can be monitored using traps baited with pheromone lures specific for each species. Traps are placed near sweet Corn fields to monitor moth flights. The weekly trap catch information allows growers, consultants, Cooperative Extension and vegetable processor field staff to track the flights and make informed decisions about when sweet Corn fields need to be scouted or treated with an insecticide. This project was funded in part by in-kind contributions from growers and consultants who host and check traps

  • 2017 New York Sweet Corn Pheromone Trap Network (SCPTN)
    New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, 2017
    Co-Authors: Zuefle Marion
    Abstract:

    NYS IPM Type: Project ReportFor 23 yEars, the Sweet Corn Pheromone Trap Network has been monitoring the flight of three important insect pests of sweet Corn, European Corn borer, Corn earworm, fall armyworm, and more recently, 2010, Western bean cutworm. These insects cause damage to sweet Corn Ears in their larval stage. These pests are moths in their adult stage and can be monitored using traps baited with pheromone lures specific for each species. Traps are placed near sweet Corn fields to monitor moth flights. The weekly trap catch information allows growers, consultants, Cooperative Extension and vegetable processor field staff to track the flights and make informed decisions about when sweet Corn fields need to be scouted or treated with an insecticide. This project was funded in part by in-kind contributions from growers and consultants who host and check traps

  • 2016 New York Sweet Corn Pheromone Trap Network (SCPTN)
    New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, 2016
    Co-Authors: Zuefle Marion
    Abstract:

    NYS IPM Type: Project ReportFor 22 yEars, the Sweet Corn Pheromone Trap Network has been monitoring the flight of three important insect pests of sweet Corn, European Corn borer, Corn earworm, fall armyworm, and more recently, 2010, Western bean cutworm. These insects cause damage to sweet Corn Ears in their larval stage. These pests are moths in their adult stage and can be monitored using traps baited with pheromone lures specific for each species. Traps are placed near sweet Corn fields to monitor moth flights. The weekly trap catch information allows growers, consultants, Cooperative Extension and vegetable processor field staff to track the flights and make informed decisions about when sweet Corn fields need to be scouted or treated with an insecticide. This project was funded in part by in-kind contributions from growers and consultants who host and check traps

  • 2015 New York Sweet Corn Pheromone Trap Network (SCPTN)
    New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, 2015
    Co-Authors: Zuefle Marion
    Abstract:

    Four important insect pests of sweet Corn, European Corn borer, Corn earworm, fall armyworm, and Western bean cutworm, cause damage to sweet Corn Ears in their larval stage. These pests are moths in their adult stage and can be monitored using traps baited with pheromone lures specific for each species. Traps are placed near sweet Corn fields to monitor moth flights. The weekly trap catch information allows growers, consultants, Cooperative Extension and vegetable processor field staff to track the flights and make informed decisions about when sweet Corn fields need to be scouted or treated with an insecticide. This project is funded in part by in-kind contributions from growers and consultants who host and check traps

William D Hutchison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • modeling the impact of cross pollination and low toxin expression in Corn kernels on adaptation of european Corn borer lepidoptera crambidae to transgenic insecticidal Corn
    Environmental Entomology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Jung Koo Kang, William D Hutchison, David W Onstad, Richard L Hellmich, Susan E Moser, Jarrad R Prasifka
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT We used a mathematical model with processes reflecting larval mortality resulting from feeding on cross-pollinated Ears or Bt Ears of Corn to analyze the risk of evolution of Cry-toxin resistance in Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). In the simulations, evolution of resistance was delayed equally well by both seed mixtures and blocks with the same proportion of refuge. Our results showed that Bt-pollen drift has little impact on the evolution of Bt resistance in O. nubilalis. However, low-toxin expression in Ears of transgenic Corn can reduce the durability of transgenic Corn expressing single toxin, whereas durability of pyramided Corn hybrids is not significantly reduced. The toxinsurvival rate of heterozygous larvae in Bt-Corn Ears expressing one or two proteins has more impact on evolution of Bt resistance in O. nubilalis than the parameters related to larval movement to Bt Ears or the toxin-survival rate of the homozygous susceptible larvae in Bt Ears. Bt resistance evolves slower when toxin morta...

  • cost effective binomial sequential sampling of western bean cutworm striacosta albicosta lepidoptera noctuidae egg masses in Corn
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2011
    Co-Authors: S Paulamoraes, Eric C Burkness, Thomas E Hunt, Robert J Wright, Gary L Hein, William D Hutchison
    Abstract:

    Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a native pest of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Corn (Zea mays L.). As a result of larval feeding damage on Corn Ears, S. albicosta has a narrow treatment window; thus, early detection of the pest in the field is essential, and egg mass sampling has become a popular monitoring tool. Three action thresholds for field and sweet Corn currently are used by crop consultants, including 4% of plants infested with egg masses on sweet Corn in the silking-tasseling stage, 8% of plants infested with egg masses on field Corn with approximately 95% tasseled, and 20% of plants infested with egg masses on field Corn during mid-milk-stage Corn. The current monitoring recommendation is to sample 20 plants at each of five locations per field (100 plants total). In an effort to develop a more cost-effective sampling plan for S. albicosta egg masses, several alternative binomial sampling plans were developed using Wald's sequential probability ratio test, and validated using Resampling for Validation of Sampling Plans (RVSP) software. The benefit-cost ratio also was calculated and used to determine the final selection of sampling plans. Based on final sampling plans selected for each action threshold, the average sample number required to reach a treat or no-treat decision ranged from 38 to 41 plants per field. This represents a significant savings in sampling cost over the current recommendation of 100 plants.

  • cross pollination of nontransgenic Corn Ears with transgenic bt Corn efficacy against lepidopteran pests and implications for resistance management
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Eric C Burkness, P K Orourke, William D Hutchison
    Abstract:

    The efficacy of nontransgenic sweet Corn, Zea mays L., hybrids cross-pollinated by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) sweet Corn hybrids expressing Cry1Ab toxin was evaluated in both field and laboratory studies in Minnesota in 2000. Non-Bt and Bt hybrids (maternal plants) were cross-pollinated with pollen from both non-Bt and Bt hybrids (paternal plants) to create four crosses. Subsequent crosses were evaluated for efficacy in the field against European Corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), and Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and in laboratory bioassays against O. nubilalis. Field studies indicated that crosses with maternal Bt plants led to low levels of survival for both O. nubilalis and H. zea compared with the non-Bt x non-Bt cross. However, the cross between non-Bt Ears and Bt pollen led to survival rates of 43 and 63% for O. nubilalis and H. zea larvae, respectively. This intermediate level of survival also was reflected in the number of kernels damaged. Laboratory bioassays for O. nubilalis, further confirmed field results with larval survival on kernels from the cross between non-Bt Ears and Bt pollen reaching 60% compared with non-Bt crossed with non-Bt. These results suggest that non-Bt refuge plants, when planted in proximity to Bt plants, and cross-pollinated, can result in sublethal exposure of O. nubilalis and H. zea larvae to Bt and may undermine the high-dose/refuge resistance management strategy for Corn hybrids expressing Cry1Ab.

  • Cross-Pollination of Nontransgenic Corn Ears with Transgenic Bt Corn: Efficacy Against Lepidopteran Pests and Implications for Resistance Management
    Journal of economic entomology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Eric C Burkness, P. K. O'rourke, William D Hutchison
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT The efficacy of nontransgenic sweet Corn, Zea mays L., hybrids cross-pollinated by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) sweet Corn hybrids expressing Cry1Ab toxin was evaluated in both field and laboratory studies in Minnesota in 2000. Non-Bt and Bt hybrids (maternal plants) were cross-pollinated with pollen from both non-Bt and Bt hybrids (paternal plants) to create four crosses. Subsequent crosses were evaluated for efficacy in the field against European Corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), and Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and in laboratory bioassays against O. nubilalis. Field studies indicated that crosses with maternal Bt plants led to low levels of survival for both O. nubilalis and H. zea compared with the non-Bt × non-Bt cross. However, the cross between non-Bt Ears and Bt pollen led to survival rates of 43 and 63% for O. nubilalis and H. zea larvae, respectively. This intermediate level of survival also was reflected in the number of kernels damaged. Laboratory bioassays for O. nub...

  • binomial sequential sampling plans for late instars of european Corn borer lepidoptera crambidae Corn earworm lepidoptera noctuidae and damaged kernels in sweet Corn Ears
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2004
    Co-Authors: P K Orourke, William D Hutchison
    Abstract:

    Abstract Late-season infestations of European Corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), and Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), were sampled to develop binomial sequential sampling plans for larval infestations and damaged kernels in sweet Corn, Zea mays L., Ears, near harvest. Fields were sampled to obtain a range of larval densities likely to be encountered over a range of infestation levels and field conditions. Binomial sampling plans were developed for O. nubilalis larvae, H. zea larvae, O. nubilalis, and H. zea larvae combined, and for damaged sweet Corn kernels. Observed densities ranged from 0.01 to 4.40 larvae per ear for O. nubilalis, 0.005–1.62 larvae per ear for H. zea, and 0.004–36.12 damaged kernels per ear. Results of resampling analyses, based on the proportion of Ears infested with one or more larvae, or damaged kernels, indicated an average sample size of 34–37 Ears was necessary to classify whether larval infestations, or the incidence of damaged kernels, exceeded 5%. Two operating c...

Steponavičius Dainius - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Substantiation of concave crossbars shape for Corn Ears threshing
    2020
    Co-Authors: Pužauskas Edvinas, Steponavičius Dainius, Jotautienė Eglė, Petkevičius Sigitas, Kemzūraitė Aurelija
    Abstract:

    One of the key design parameters of a threshing unit critical for Corn ear threshing is the shape, height and number of the concave crossbars. The paper presents the results obtained during the theoretical and experimental research of Corn Ears threshing process by analysing the crossbars of three different shapes: rectangular, rounded and oblique. The FEM involving the application of curved isoparametric second order finite elements with Serendip type shape functions was adapted to this research. The method of the experiment has been applied for verification of the adequacy of the designed theoretical models. The theoretical and experimental analysis has demonstrated that oblique concave crossbars were more efficient during threshing of Corn Ears that using any of the other two shapes of crossbars. The experimental research has sub-stantiated that a variable radius concave with a working plane tilt angle of the oblique crossbar equal to 45° would be the rational option for Corn ear threshing. In this case, the threshing losses and grain damage were leastVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Substantiation of the rational technological parameters for threshing high-moisture Corn Ears
    2020
    Co-Authors: Špokas Liudvikas, Steponavičius Dainius, Butkus Vidmantas, Kiniulis Valdas
    Abstract:

    The article presents the results obtained during the research of harvesting mid-moisture Corn Ears Auxxel and high-moisture Corn Ears Lapriora (moisture level higher than 30%) using combine-harvester with axial threshing and separating rotor A, and with tangential threshing cylinder B. The rational technological parameters of threshing were justified by experimental research. It has been established, that when Corn Ears were fed to the threshing device A at the maximum feedrate of 24.8 kg s-1, total grain losses were 1.56 times lower compared to the grain losses of the combineharvester B. The lowest grain damage rate was observed when Corn ear feedrate was approximately 20 kg s-1. Upon increasing or decreasing the feedrate, Corn damage rate increased. When threshing high-moisture Corn Ears, grain damage rate for the harvester A was higher by 0.67 percentage units compared to the harvester B. The maximum allowed peripheral velocity for the tangential threshing cylinder was 15 m s-1, while for axial rotor – 18 m s-1. Grain loss should be reduced not by increasing cylinder peripheral velocity but rather by altering the clearance between the cylinder (or rotor) rasp bars and the concave. In a tangential threshing device B, the clearance at the third concave bar must be in the interval 20–27 mm, which is approximately 22 mm smaller than average Corn ear diameter. Combine-harvester operates efficiently when fuel consumption for threshing one tone of grains is least, and grain loss does not exceed the permissible level. Using combine-harvester A and applying the rational feedrate of 20 kg s-1, hourly fuel consumption reached 90.5 litres, and threshing of one tone of grains required 1.31 litres of fuelVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Analysis of Corn Ears movement within the threshing crescent using high‑speed recording method
    2020
    Co-Authors: Steponavičius Dainius, Kemzūraitė Aurelija, Kiniulis Valdas, Zokaitis Karolis
    Abstract:

    eISSN 2424-4635IThe main objective of the research was to establish movement of Corn Ears within the threshing crescent between the cylinder and the concave using high-speed recording method. Tangential threshing unit was used in the experimental trials. Cylinder rotation and linear velocity of rasp bars (11.00 m s-1, 14.14 m s-1 and 17.28 m s-1) were determined by using threshing cylinder covered with filler plates having 4 different shapes. During the trials, speed of Corn Ears within threshing crescent, number of impacts received by the Corn ear, rising height of the Corn ear after impact of rasp bar and time between two impacts of rasp bar to the Corn ear, depending on the shape of filler plates of threshing cylinder were found. Video analysis of Corn ear movement showed that the speed of Corn Ears movement in the threshing crescent highly depends on linear velocity of rasp bars. The average speed of Corn ear within threshing crescent and number of impacts received by the Corn ear were increased with increase of linear velocity of rasp bars irrespective of cylinder filler plates are used. Moreover, both above-mentioned parameters were larger in the second part of concave length than in the first one. A tendency of increase of the Corn ear moving over the surface of the concave and decrease of number of impacts received by the Corn ear was observable by reduction in the threshing crescent. Following reduction of linear velocity of rasp bars to 14.14 m s-1, it would be reasonable to cover the threshing cylinder with filler plates that can reduce the cross-section area between rasp bars and concave (to 94.26 cm2 in view of one gap between adjacent rasp bar). In this case, filler plates showed a substantial effect on behaviour of Corn Ears: they restrict a rising height of the Corn ear, may be subject to additional rotational motion, deflect the Corn ear to the clearance between the rasp bar and the concave barVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • A theoretical investigation of concave bars for Corn Ears threshing
    2020
    Co-Authors: Pužauskas Edvinas, Steponavičius Dainius, Kemzūraitė Aurelija
    Abstract:

    The most important constructive parameters by Corn Ears threshing are design, height, number of concave crossbars and their position in respect of threshing cylinder. There is a lack of research evaluating an impact of concave crossbars design on Corn grains detaching from cob, grains damage and separation through the concave. A major hypothesis of the study is that a concave crossbars form has an impact on Corn ear threshing efficiency. It is known that the Corn ear threshing process depends on effectiveness of first interaction between the cylinder rasp bar and Corn ear in threshing apparatus. The theoretical study has been based on investigations of three different forms of concave crossbars: rectangular, rounded and oblique. The force of ear gravity (G); the reaction force (N1) of concave bar on Corn ear; the reaction force (N22) of ear cob reaction on grain which is in contact with concave bar; the reaction force (N12) of subsequent grain on grain which is in contact with concave bar; the reaction forces (N2 and N3) of longitudinal rod reaction on ear (based on touch of ear with two grains on longitudinal rod of concave) have been evaluated. Acting frictional forces have been expressed as products of reaction forces and coefficients of friction. Five equilibrium equations with five unknown have been composed. Acting reaction, frictional and gravity forces have been designed to x and y coordinates axes for this reason. Furthermore, moments of acting forces around the chosen points have been fixed. Using the Maple software, numerical values of unknown forces have been found. It has been determined that numerical values of the reaction forces N1 and N12 were the biggest at oblique design of concave bars. Accordingly, it seems possible that then threshing process at the first Corn ear contact with the rasp bar will be more effectiveVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Resistance of Corn Ears and grains of different maturity to quasi-static load
    2020
    Co-Authors: Adomavičienė Sandra, Steponavičius Dainius, Strakšas Anicetas, Romaneckas Kęstutis, Bauša Laimis
    Abstract:

    Corn Zea mays L. is among the most remarkable cereal species, which has great importance in the human diet and animal feed in many parts of the world. Corn yield from one hectare can be from 50 to 70 tons of green mass or from 6 to 10 tons of grain. Corn for grain can be harvested using various technologies, provided the grains in Ears are in physiological stage of maturity. Awareness of apparent properties such as rupture force, rupture energy etc. of agricultural seeds is important for predicting load-deformation behaviour, and must be taken into account when designing specific processing machines. This study was carried out with the aim to determine the physical and mechanical properties Corn grains and Corn Ears during their different physiological maturity stages. The study of mechanical properties of Corn grains and Ears was performed applying quasi-static loads using Instron-5960. Corn ear deflection was tested applying different distances between the support beams: 60 mm and 120 mm. Corn ear rupture force decreases when the distance between the supports is increased. Grains were applied load at three different orientations: over the length, over the width and over the thickness. A single grain was placed between two parallel plates and gradually compressed while simultaneously recording the force and the corresponding deformation that occurred until the grain ruptured. At this point the force suddenly decreased, while deformation continued. In most cases, the initial portion of grain load-deformation curve was more or less linear up to certain points of deformation beyond which it became non-linear. The observed bioyield point represents the yield point in biological materials. This is an indication of initial cell rupture in the cellular structure of material. The results showed that provided moisture content was reducing from 50.94±1.64% to 36.21±0.52%, the maximum Corn grain rupture force increased from 91.54±16.75 N to 200.67±18.43 NVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Kiniulis Valdas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Substantiation of the rational technological parameters for threshing high-moisture Corn Ears
    2020
    Co-Authors: Špokas Liudvikas, Steponavičius Dainius, Butkus Vidmantas, Kiniulis Valdas
    Abstract:

    The article presents the results obtained during the research of harvesting mid-moisture Corn Ears Auxxel and high-moisture Corn Ears Lapriora (moisture level higher than 30%) using combine-harvester with axial threshing and separating rotor A, and with tangential threshing cylinder B. The rational technological parameters of threshing were justified by experimental research. It has been established, that when Corn Ears were fed to the threshing device A at the maximum feedrate of 24.8 kg s-1, total grain losses were 1.56 times lower compared to the grain losses of the combineharvester B. The lowest grain damage rate was observed when Corn ear feedrate was approximately 20 kg s-1. Upon increasing or decreasing the feedrate, Corn damage rate increased. When threshing high-moisture Corn Ears, grain damage rate for the harvester A was higher by 0.67 percentage units compared to the harvester B. The maximum allowed peripheral velocity for the tangential threshing cylinder was 15 m s-1, while for axial rotor – 18 m s-1. Grain loss should be reduced not by increasing cylinder peripheral velocity but rather by altering the clearance between the cylinder (or rotor) rasp bars and the concave. In a tangential threshing device B, the clearance at the third concave bar must be in the interval 20–27 mm, which is approximately 22 mm smaller than average Corn ear diameter. Combine-harvester operates efficiently when fuel consumption for threshing one tone of grains is least, and grain loss does not exceed the permissible level. Using combine-harvester A and applying the rational feedrate of 20 kg s-1, hourly fuel consumption reached 90.5 litres, and threshing of one tone of grains required 1.31 litres of fuelVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Analysis of Corn Ears movement within the threshing crescent using high‑speed recording method
    2020
    Co-Authors: Steponavičius Dainius, Kemzūraitė Aurelija, Kiniulis Valdas, Zokaitis Karolis
    Abstract:

    eISSN 2424-4635IThe main objective of the research was to establish movement of Corn Ears within the threshing crescent between the cylinder and the concave using high-speed recording method. Tangential threshing unit was used in the experimental trials. Cylinder rotation and linear velocity of rasp bars (11.00 m s-1, 14.14 m s-1 and 17.28 m s-1) were determined by using threshing cylinder covered with filler plates having 4 different shapes. During the trials, speed of Corn Ears within threshing crescent, number of impacts received by the Corn ear, rising height of the Corn ear after impact of rasp bar and time between two impacts of rasp bar to the Corn ear, depending on the shape of filler plates of threshing cylinder were found. Video analysis of Corn ear movement showed that the speed of Corn Ears movement in the threshing crescent highly depends on linear velocity of rasp bars. The average speed of Corn ear within threshing crescent and number of impacts received by the Corn ear were increased with increase of linear velocity of rasp bars irrespective of cylinder filler plates are used. Moreover, both above-mentioned parameters were larger in the second part of concave length than in the first one. A tendency of increase of the Corn ear moving over the surface of the concave and decrease of number of impacts received by the Corn ear was observable by reduction in the threshing crescent. Following reduction of linear velocity of rasp bars to 14.14 m s-1, it would be reasonable to cover the threshing cylinder with filler plates that can reduce the cross-section area between rasp bars and concave (to 94.26 cm2 in view of one gap between adjacent rasp bar). In this case, filler plates showed a substantial effect on behaviour of Corn Ears: they restrict a rising height of the Corn ear, may be subject to additional rotational motion, deflect the Corn ear to the clearance between the rasp bar and the concave barVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Estimation the rational design of filler plates between rasp bars and inertia momentum of a threshing cylinder
    Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, 2020
    Co-Authors: Kiniulis Valdas
    Abstract:

    Kukurūzai (Zea mays L.) yra vieni plačiausiai auginamų žemės ūkio augalų pasaulyje. Mokslinės literatūros šaltiniuose paskelbta daug tyrimų, pateikti tiekiamo kukurūzų burbuolių srauto ir jų drėgnio, tarpo tarp kūlimo būgno ir pobūgnio bei būgno sukimosi dažnio įtakos kokybiniams ir kiekybiniams kukurūzų burbuolių kūlimo proceso parametrams rezultatai. Tačiau tyrimų, įvertinančių būgno formos ir jo inercijos momento įtaką kukurūzų grūdų separacijai ir sužalojimui, stinga. Todėl tikslinga teoriniais ir eksperimentiniais tyrimais ištirti būgno inercijos momento ir jo tarpspragilių formos įtaką kukurūzų grūdų atskyrimui nuo burbuolės šerdies, grūdų separacijai pro kūlimo aparato pobūgnį ir jų sužalojimui burbuolių kūlimo proceso metu. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti javų kombaino kūlimo aparate vykstančius technologinius procesus ir nustatyti būgno inercijos momento ir tarpspragilių formos įtaką kukurūzų burbuolių elgsenai jų kūlimo proceso metu ir kūlimo aparato darbo kokybiniams rodikliams. Tyrimais nustatyta, kad tangentinio kūlimo aparato būgno tarpspragilių dangalai turi reikšmingos įtakos kukurūzų burbuolių kūlimo ir grūdų separacijos pro pobūgnį procesams (burbuolės judėjimui, grūdų sužalojimui ir jų separacijai); todėl kukurūzų burbuolėms kulti racionaliausia naudoti būgną su tarpspragilių dangalais, kurių darbinio paviršiaus plokštumos kampas su būgno spinduliu siekia 36°, o pasyviosios plokštumos – 60°, kai į kūlimo aparatą tiekiamas iki 12 kg s-1 burbuolių srautas. Kūlimo būgno pospragiliuose tikslinga pritvirtinti balastus, kurie padidintų jo inercijos momentą iki 15 kg m2 ribos. Be to, kukurūzų burbuolių kūlimo išsamiai analizei tikslinga taikyti kombinuotą spartųjį jėgų fiksavimo jutikliais ir smūgio proceso sparčiojo filmavimo metodą.Corn (Zea mays L.) is among the most remarkable cereal species significant for human diet and animal feed in the world. Many studies have been published in the scientific literature presenting the results of the Corn Ears feed rate and their moisture, the influence of the gap between the rasp bars and concave and rotation frequency of the cylinder on the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the Corn Ears threshing process. However, there are no enough studies evaluating influence of the shape of the threshing cylinder and its momentum of inertia on Corn kernel separation and damage in the threshing devices. Therefore, it is expedient to study the influence of the momentum of inertia of the threshing cylinder and its filler plates on the Corn kernel detachment from cobs, kernel separation through the concave, and their damage during the threshing process of Corn Ears. This work aims to analyse the technological processes in the threshing apparatus of the combine harvester and determines the influence of the inertia momentum of the cylinder and its design on the (i) behaviour of Corn Ears during threshing and (ii) quality indicators of the threshing process. It was found that tangential threshing cylinder filler plates significantly influence the processes of threshing Corn Ears and kernel separation through the concave. Thus, for Corn ear threshing, it is the most rational to use a cylinder with filler plates, working plane (contact surface) forming a 36° angle to the cylinder radius and passive plane forming a 60° angle when the Corn ear feed rate is until 12 kg s−1. It is expedient to install ballast (additional weights) in the chamber beyond the rasp bar of the threshing cylinder, which would increase the cylinder moment of inertia to a limit of 15 kg m2. Moreover, for a detailed analysis of the threshing of Corn Ears, it is appropriate to use a combined method of high-resolution force measurement with digital sensors and high-speed filming of the impact process.Žemės ūkio inžinerijos fakultetasŽemės ūkio inžinerijos ir saugos instituta

  • Kūlimo būgno tarpspragilių dangalų racionalios formos ir jo inercijos momento pagrindimas
    Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, 2020
    Co-Authors: Kiniulis Valdas
    Abstract:

    Corn (Zea mays L.) is among the most remarkable cereal species significant for human diet and animal feed in the world. Many studies have been published in the scientific literature presenting the results of the Corn Ears feed rate and their moisture, the influence of the gap between the rasp bars and concave and rotation frequency of the cylinder on the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the Corn Ears threshing process. However, there are no enough studies evaluating influence of the shape of the threshing cylinder and its momentum of inertia on Corn kernel separation and damage in the threshing devices. Therefore, it is expedient to study the influence of the momentum of inertia of the threshing cylinder and its filler plates on the Corn kernel detachment from cobs, kernel separation through the concave, and their damage during the threshing process of Corn Ears. This work aims to analyse the technological processes in the threshing apparatus of the combine harvester and determines the influence of the inertia momentum of the cylinder and its design on the (i) behaviour of Corn Ears during threshing and (ii) quality indicators of the threshing process. It was found that tangential threshing cylinder filler plates significantly influence the processes of threshing Corn Ears and kernel separation through the concave. Thus, for Corn ear threshing, it is the most rational to use a cylinder with filler plates, working plane (contact surface) forming a 36° angle to the cylinder radius and passive plane forming a 60° angle when the Corn ear feed rate is until 12 kg s−1. It is expedient to install ballast (additional weights) in the chamber beyond the rasp bar of the threshing cylinder, which would increase the cylinder moment of inertia to a limit of 15 kg m2. Moreover, for a detailed analysis of the threshing of Corn Ears, it is appropriate to use a combined method of high-resolution force measurement with digital sensors and high-speed filming of the impact process.Kukurūzai (Zea mays L.) yra vieni plačiausiai auginamų žemės ūkio augalų pasaulyje. Mokslinės literatūros šaltiniuose paskelbta daug tyrimų, pateikti tiekiamo kukurūzų burbuolių srauto ir jų drėgnio, tarpo tarp kūlimo būgno ir pobūgnio bei būgno sukimosi dažnio įtakos kokybiniams ir kiekybiniams kukurūzų burbuolių kūlimo proceso parametrams rezultatai. Tačiau tyrimų, įvertinančių būgno formos ir jo inercijos momento įtaką kukurūzų grūdų separacijai ir sužalojimui, stinga. Todėl tikslinga teoriniais ir eksperimentiniais tyrimais ištirti būgno inercijos momento ir jo tarpspragilių formos įtaką kukurūzų grūdų atskyrimui nuo burbuolės šerdies, grūdų separacijai pro kūlimo aparato pobūgnį ir jų sužalojimui burbuolių kūlimo proceso metu. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti javų kombaino kūlimo aparate vykstančius technologinius procesus ir nustatyti būgno inercijos momento ir tarpspragilių formos įtaką kukurūzų burbuolių elgsenai jų kūlimo proceso metu ir kūlimo aparato darbo kokybiniams rodikliams. Tyrimais nustatyta, kad tangentinio kūlimo aparato būgno tarpspragilių dangalai turi reikšmingos įtakos kukurūzų burbuolių kūlimo ir grūdų separacijos pro pobūgnį procesams (burbuolės judėjimui, grūdų sužalojimui ir jų separacijai); todėl kukurūzų burbuolėms kulti racionaliausia naudoti būgną su tarpspragilių dangalais, kurių darbinio paviršiaus plokštumos kampas su būgno spinduliu siekia 36°, o pasyviosios plokštumos – 60°, kai į kūlimo aparatą tiekiamas iki 12 kg s-1 burbuolių srautas. Kūlimo būgno pospragiliuose tikslinga pritvirtinti balastus, kurie padidintų jo inercijos momentą iki 15 kg m2 ribos. Be to, kukurūzų burbuolių kūlimo išsamiai analizei tikslinga taikyti kombinuotą spartųjį jėgų fiksavimo jutikliais ir smūgio proceso sparčiojo filmavimo metodą.Žemės ūkio inžinerijos fakultetasŽemės ūkio inžinerijos ir saugos instituta

  • Combine harvester threshing cylinder constructive parameters
    2020
    Co-Authors: Kiniulis Valdas, Steponavičius Dainius, Jasinskas Algirdas, Andriušis Albinas, Jovarauskas Darius, Juknevičius Darius
    Abstract:

    For the purpose of finding the optimal shape of filler plates, laboratory trials were performed that involved threshing of Corn Ears. Total 8 sets of threshing cylinder filler plates (each containing 8 plates) were produced for the purpose of investigation. Research was done with fixed tangential threshing cylinder which was 0.6 m in diameter and 1.2 m in width, and had eight rasp bars. It was surrounded in concave by angle of 146º. Threshing process was recorded using high-speed video recording camera Photron 1024 PCI (at the speed of 2000 frames per second). Threshing of individual Corn Ears showed that Corn Ears tend to move faster during the process of threshing when linear speed of rasp bars is increased. Moreover, Corn ear travel speed was found to be higher in first part of the concave when compared to its part two. Increasing linear speed of rasp bars was found to result in increased number of impacts suffered by each Corn ear. Threshing studies showed that grain separation through the concave is affected by design of threshing cylinder filler plates. Grain separation through the concave is most intensive when cylinder filler plates are made with working plane angle of 36° to radius of the cylinder. Laboratory tests of individual Corn ear threshing suggest that further research of rational filler plates design should be carried out with filler plates with passive plane angle to the cylinder radius should change from 51° to 67°, while working plane angle should be kept 36°Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

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  • development survival and feeding behavior of helicoverpa zea lepidoptera noctuidae relative to bt protein concentrations in Corn ear tissues
    PLOS ONE, 2019
    Co-Authors: Tom R Bilbo, Francis P F Reayjones, Dominic D Reisig, Jeremy K Greene, Matthew W Turnbull
    Abstract:

    The Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), preferentially oviposits and feeds on Ears of Corn (Zea mays L.) and can be managed using transgenic hybrids that produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Concentrations of Bt proteins can vary spatially and temporally in plant tissues, creating a heterogeneous environment that can increase the risk of resistance development. We planted small-plot trials of nine Bt and non-Bt Corn hybrids in South Carolina in 2016 and 2017 and investigated the development, survival, feeding injury, and feeding behavior in Corn ear tissues. ELISA was used to quantify the concentrations of Cry1F and Cry2Ab2 in young silk, old silk, maternal tip tissue, kernels, and husk. Cry1F and Cry2Ab2 significantly varied with silk age and both proteins were generally highest in the silk and tip tissue. Hybrids with pyramided proteins significantly reduced feeding injury to the silk, tip, and kernel ear tissues, which was less apparent with single Bt protein hybrids. The pyramided hybrid expressing Vip3A incurred no injury to either the ear tip or kernels, and only eight 1st instar larvae were collected in the silk of 520 sampled Ears. Age of larvae significantly varied among ear tissues but not between hybrids. Depending on hybrid family, mean larval instar in the silk, tip, and kernels was 1st or 2nd, 3rd, and 5th, respectively. Instar-specific feeding penetrance into Corn Ears increased with age but did not differ between hybrids. We characterized the instar- and tissue-specific feeding behavior of H. zea larvae but did not detect differences in feeding behavior between Bt and non-Bt hybrids. Implications for resistance management strategies such as seed mixtures are discussed.