The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Wendell L Roelofs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antagonist effects of non‐host fruit volatiles on discrimination of host fruit by Rhagoletis flies infesting apple (Malus pumila), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2005Co-Authors: Charles E Linn, Satoshi Nojima, Wendell L RoelofsAbstract:In previous flight-tunnel tests Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) flies originating from domestic apple (Malus pumila), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), displayed greater numbers of upwind flights to blends of volatiles identified from their natal fruit compared to non-natal fruit. Here, we show that when certain non-host volatiles were added to the host blend, significantly fewer apple, hawthorn, and dogwood flies exhibited sustained upwind flight to the source. Specifically, the upwind flight of apple flies to the apple blend was significantly antagonized by the addition of the hawthorn or dogwood blends, the addition of 3-methylbutan-1-ol alone (a key volatile for hawthorn and dogwood flies), or the combination of 3-methylbutan-1-ol and another key dogwood volatile, 1-octen-3-ol. Similarly, the upwind flight of dogwood and hawthorn flies to their respective natal blends was antagonized by the addition of the apple blend or the key apple volatile butyl hexanoate. Experiments were also conducted to determine whether non-natal fruit volatiles could disrupt the close-range flight response of flies to the visual stimulus of fruit alone, represented by an odorless red sphere. Tests with apple-origin flies showed that when the hawthorn blend, the dogwood blend, or the key antagonist volatiles from each (3-methylbutan-1-ol and 1-octen-3-ol) were added to a red sphere fruit mimic, significantly lower proportions of flies were captured, compared with captures when no odor was present. Our results support the hypothesis that agonist and antagonist properties of fruit volatiles can play an important role in host recognition/ discrimination by Rhagoletis flies.
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antagonist effects of non host fruit volatiles on discrimination of host fruit by rhagoletis flies infesting apple malus pumila hawthorn crataegus spp and flowering dogwood Cornus florida
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2005Co-Authors: Charles E Linn, Satoshi Nojima, Wendell L RoelofsAbstract:In previous flight-tunnel tests Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) flies originating from domestic apple (Malus pumila), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), displayed greater numbers of upwind flights to blends of volatiles identified from their natal fruit compared to non-natal fruit. Here, we show that when certain non-host volatiles were added to the host blend, significantly fewer apple, hawthorn, and dogwood flies exhibited sustained upwind flight to the source. Specifically, the upwind flight of apple flies to the apple blend was significantly antagonized by the addition of the hawthorn or dogwood blends, the addition of 3-methylbutan-1-ol alone (a key volatile for hawthorn and dogwood flies), or the combination of 3-methylbutan-1-ol and another key dogwood volatile, 1-octen-3-ol. Similarly, the upwind flight of dogwood and hawthorn flies to their respective natal blends was antagonized by the addition of the apple blend or the key apple volatile butyl hexanoate. Experiments were also conducted to determine whether non-natal fruit volatiles could disrupt the close-range flight response of flies to the visual stimulus of fruit alone, represented by an odorless red sphere. Tests with apple-origin flies showed that when the hawthorn blend, the dogwood blend, or the key antagonist volatiles from each (3-methylbutan-1-ol and 1-octen-3-ol) were added to a red sphere fruit mimic, significantly lower proportions of flies were captured, compared with captures when no odor was present. Our results support the hypothesis that agonist and antagonist properties of fruit volatiles can play an important role in host recognition/ discrimination by Rhagoletis flies.
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identification of host fruit volatiles from flowering dogwood Cornus florida attractive to dogwood origin rhagoletis pomonella flies
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2003Co-Authors: Satoshi Nojima, Charles E Linn, Wendell L RoelofsAbstract:Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection were used to identify volatiles from fruit of flowering dogwood, Cornus florida, as key attractants for Rhagoletis pomonella flies originating from dogwood fruit. A six-component blend containing ethyl acetate (54.9%), 3-methylbutan-1-ol (27.5%), isoamyl acetate (0.9%), dimethyl trisulfide (1.9%), 1-octen-3-ol (9.1%), and β-caryophyllene (5.8%) was identified from flowering dogwood fruit that gave consistent EAD activity. In a flight tunnel assay there was no significant difference in the response of individual dogwood flies exhibiting upwind anemotactic flight to volatile extracts from dogwood fruit and the six-component synthetic mixture. Dogwood flies also displayed significantly greater levels of upwind flight to sources with the dogwood volatile blend than with previously identified volatile blends from domestic apple or hawthorn fruit. Selected subtraction assays showed that the three-component mixture of 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, and β-caryophyllene elicited levels of upwind flight to the source equivalent to the six-component mixture. Our study adds to previous ones showing that populations of Rhagoletis pomonella flies infesting apple, hawthorn, and flowering dogwood fruit are attracted to unique mixtures of fruit volatiles, supporting the hypothesis that host fruit odors could be key traits in sympatric host shifts and establishing host fidelity within members of the Rhagoletis pomonella species complex.
Robert N. Trigiano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Haplotyping of Cornus florida and C. kousa chloroplasts: Insights into species-level differences and patterns of plastic DNA variation in cultivars.
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Marcin Nowicki, Qiu Yun Jenny Xiang, Arnold M Saxton, Sarah L. Boggess, Denita Hadziabdic, Thomas J. Molnar, Matthew L. Huff, Margaret Staton, Yichen Zhao, Robert N. TrigianoAbstract:Chloroplast DNA is a part of plant non-nuclear genome, and is of particular interest for lineage studies. Moreover, the non-coding regions of cpDNA display higher mutation rates than the conserved coding cpDNA, which has been employed for phylogenetic and population research. We analyzed the cpDNA of 332 gDNA samples from collections of Cornus florida and C. kousa (commercial cultivars, breeding selections, and wild kousa accessions from Asia), using the chlorotyping system developed on North America-native, wild accessions of C. florida. Our results indicated significant differences in chlorotype frequencies between the two species. Cornus florida samples were represented by all major chlorotypes previously described, whereas all C. kousa samples analyzed had only one of the chlorotype patterns shown by C. florida. The chlorotyping analytic panel was then expanded by sequencing the targeted three non-coding cpDNA regions. Results indicated a major difference in the maternally-inherited cpDNA between the two closely related Big-Bracted Cornus species. Chlorotype diversity and differences in the proportion of informative sites in the cpDNA regions of focus emphasized the importance of proper loci choice for cpDNA-based comparative studies between the closely related dogwood species. Phylogenetic analyses of the retrieved sequences for the other species of Cornus provided information on the relative utility of the cpDNA regions studied and helped delineate the groups (Big-Bracted, Cornelian Cherries, Blue/White-Fruited) within the genus. Genealogical relationships based on the cpDNA sequences and the inferred chlorotype networks indicated the need for continued analyses across further non-coding cpDNA regions to improve the phylogenetic resolution of dogwoods.
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quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to powdery mildew in Cornus florida
Scientia Horticulturae, 2017Co-Authors: Lipi Parikh, Margaret T Mmbaga, Phillip A Wadl, Geoffrey Meru, G Zhang, L Mackasmiel, X Wang, Robert N. TrigianoAbstract:Abstract Powdery mildew of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) caused by Erysiphe pulchra is one of the most destructive diseases in nursery production of flowering dogwood throughout the southeastern U.S. since the mid-1990s. Efforts to breed for resistance to the disease have been undertaken, but to-date only a few resistant cultivars have been released. Conventional breeding for powdery mildew resistance is time-consuming because of the long generation time for the tree crop. Additionally, phenotyping for powdery mildew resistance is cumbersome and resource intensive. Molecular breeding targeting DNA markers tightly linked to powdery mildew resistance can improve selection efficiency in flowering dogwood breeding programs. Although a genetic map based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) is available for flowering dogwood, genomic regions associated with powdery mildew resistance have not been identified. The aim of the current study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with powdery mildew resistance in flowering dogwood using segregating pseudo-F2 populations derived from crosses between a susceptible cultivar ‘Cherokee Princess’(CP), and powdery mildew resistant lines or selections R14 and MI9. The two pseudo-F2 populations (CP × R14, n = 147 and CP × MI9, n = 147) were phenotyped for powdery mildew resistance in the greenhouse and genotyped using 105 simple sequence repeats (SSR) or microsatellite markers. Four QTLs (R2 = 9.5%–13.2%) were identified in the two populations on linkage groups 4, 5, and 9. This study provides the first step towards marker-assisted selection (MAS) for the improvement of powdery mildew resistance in flowering dogwood.
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Are ‘Barton’ and ‘Cloud 9’ the Same Cultivar of Cornus florida L.?
Journal of environmental horticulture, 2017Co-Authors: Mark T Windham, Robert N. TrigianoAbstract:Abstract Ten flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) cultivars were evaluated for phenotypic characters including resistance to spot anthracnose and dogwood canker, susceptibility to frost damage, leaf ...
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are barton and cloud 9 the same cultivar of Cornus florida l
Journal of environmental horticulture, 2017Co-Authors: Mark T Windham, Robert N. TrigianoAbstract:Abstract Ten flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) cultivars were evaluated for phenotypic characters including resistance to spot anthracnose and dogwood canker, susceptibility to frost damage, leaf ...
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genetic structure and post glacial expansion of Cornus florida l cornaceae integrative evidence from phylogeography population demographic history and species distribution modeling
Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Ashley Call, Robert N. Trigiano, Yan Yu, Peter B Pearman, David T Thomas, Ignazio Carbone, Qiu Yun Jenny XiangAbstract:Repeated global climatic cooling and warming cycles during the Pleistocene played a major role in the distribution and evolution of the Earth biota. Here, we integrate phylogeography, coalescent-based Bayesian estimation of demographic history, and species distribution modeling (SDM) to understand the genetic patterns and biogeography of the flowering dogwood, Cornus florida subsp. florida L., since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Natural populations of the species are severely threatened by dogwood anthracnose. We genotyped 306 plants from 73 locations of the species across most of its native distribution with three DNA regions from the plastid genome, ndhF-rpl32, rps16 and trnQ-rps16. The genealogy and haplotype network reconstruction revealed two haplotype lineages diverging ≈3.70 million years ago. We detected no clear geographic structuring of genetic variation, although significant local structure appeared to be evident, likely due to a combination of substantial localized seed dispersal by small mammals and small population size/limited sampling at a location. The spatial distribution of haplotype frequencies, estimated population demographic history, and results from hindcasting analysis using SDM suggested refugia in southeastern North America and population reduction during the LGM, followed by rapid post-glacial expansion to the north. Forecasting analysis using SDM predicted range shifts to the north under ongoing global warming. Our results further suggested that gene flow via seed dispersal has been high but insufficient to counter the effect of genetic drift. This study demonstrates the benefit of integrating genetic data and species distribution modeling to obtain corroborative evidence in elucidating recent biogeographic history and understanding of genetic patterns and species evolution.
Qiu Yun Jenny Xiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Haplotyping of Cornus florida and C. kousa chloroplasts: Insights into species-level differences and patterns of plastic DNA variation in cultivars.
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Marcin Nowicki, Qiu Yun Jenny Xiang, Arnold M Saxton, Sarah L. Boggess, Denita Hadziabdic, Thomas J. Molnar, Matthew L. Huff, Margaret Staton, Yichen Zhao, Robert N. TrigianoAbstract:Chloroplast DNA is a part of plant non-nuclear genome, and is of particular interest for lineage studies. Moreover, the non-coding regions of cpDNA display higher mutation rates than the conserved coding cpDNA, which has been employed for phylogenetic and population research. We analyzed the cpDNA of 332 gDNA samples from collections of Cornus florida and C. kousa (commercial cultivars, breeding selections, and wild kousa accessions from Asia), using the chlorotyping system developed on North America-native, wild accessions of C. florida. Our results indicated significant differences in chlorotype frequencies between the two species. Cornus florida samples were represented by all major chlorotypes previously described, whereas all C. kousa samples analyzed had only one of the chlorotype patterns shown by C. florida. The chlorotyping analytic panel was then expanded by sequencing the targeted three non-coding cpDNA regions. Results indicated a major difference in the maternally-inherited cpDNA between the two closely related Big-Bracted Cornus species. Chlorotype diversity and differences in the proportion of informative sites in the cpDNA regions of focus emphasized the importance of proper loci choice for cpDNA-based comparative studies between the closely related dogwood species. Phylogenetic analyses of the retrieved sequences for the other species of Cornus provided information on the relative utility of the cpDNA regions studied and helped delineate the groups (Big-Bracted, Cornelian Cherries, Blue/White-Fruited) within the genus. Genealogical relationships based on the cpDNA sequences and the inferred chlorotype networks indicated the need for continued analyses across further non-coding cpDNA regions to improve the phylogenetic resolution of dogwoods.
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Discovering variation of secondary metabolite diversity and its relationship with disease resistance in Cornus florida L.
Ecology and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Andrew L. Pais, Xu Li, Qiu Yun Jenny XiangAbstract:Understanding intraspecific relationships between genetic and functional diversity is a major goal in the field of evolutionary biology and is important for conserving biodiversity. Linking intraspecific molecular patterns of plants to ecological pressures and trait variation remains difficult due to environment-driven plasticity. Next-generation sequencing, untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiling, and interdisciplinary approaches integrating population genomics, metabolomics, and community ecology permit novel strategies to tackle this problem. We analyzed six natural populations of the disease-threatened Cornus florida L. from distinct ecological regions using genotype-by-sequencing markers and LC-MS-based untargeted metabolite profiling. We tested the hypothesis that higher genetic diversity in C. florida yielded higher chemical diversity and less disease susceptibility (screening hypothesis), and we also determined whether genetically similar subpopulations were similar in chemical composition. Most importantly, we identified metabolites that were associated with candidate loci or were predictive biomarkers of healthy or diseased plants after controlling for environment. Subpopulation clustering patterns based on genetic or chemical distances were largely congruent. While differences in genetic diversity were small among subpopulations, we did observe notable similarities in patterns between subpopulation averages of rarefied-allelic and chemical richness. More specifically, we found that the most abundant compound of a correlated group of putative terpenoid glycosides and derivatives was correlated with tree health when considering chemodiversity. Random forest biomarker and genomewide association tests suggested that this putative iridoid glucoside and other closely associated chemical features were correlated to SNPs under selection.
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Ecological genomics of local adaptation in Cornus florida L. by genotyping by sequencing
Ecology and Evolution, 2017Co-Authors: A L Pais, Ross W. Whetten, Qiu Yun Jenny XiangAbstract:© 2016 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Discovering local adaptation, its genetic underpinnings, and environmental drivers is important for conserving forest species. Ecological genomic approaches coupled with next-generation sequencing are useful means to detect local adaptation and uncover its underlying genetic basis in nonmodel species. We report results from a study on flowering dogwood trees (Cornus florida L.) using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). This species is ecologically important to eastern US forests but is severely threatened by fungal diseases. We analyzed subpopulations in divergent ecological habitats within North Carolina to uncover loci under local selection and associated with environmental–functional traits or disease infection. At this scale, we tested the effect of incorporating additional sequencing before scaling for a broader examination of the entire range. To test for biases of GBS, we sequenced two similarly sampled libraries independently from six populations of three ecological habitats. We obtained environmental–functional traits for each subpopulation to identify associations with genotypes via latent factor mixed modeling (LFMM) and gradient forests analysis. To test whether heterogeneity of abiotic pressures resulted in genetic differentiation indicative of local adaptation, we evaluated Fst per locus while accounting for genetic differentiation between coastal subpopulations and Piedmont-Mountain subpopulations. Of the 54 candidate loci with sufficient evidence of being under selection among both libraries, 28–39 were Arlequin–BayeScan Fst outliers. For LFMM, 45 candidates were associated with climate (of 54), 30 were associated with soil properties, and four were associated with plant health. Reanalysis of combined libraries showed that 42 candidate loci still showed evidence of being under selection. We conclude environment-driven selection on specific loci has resulted in local adaptation in response to potassium deficiencies, temperature, precipitation, and (to a marginal extent) disease. High allele turnover along ecological gradients further supports the adaptive significance of loci speculated to be under selection.
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ecological genomics of local adaptation in Cornus florida l by genotyping by sequencing
Ecology and Evolution, 2017Co-Authors: A L Pais, Ross W. Whetten, Qiu Yun Jenny XiangAbstract:Discovering local adaptation, its genetic underpinnings, and environmental drivers is important for conserving forest species. Ecological genomic approaches coupled with next-generation sequencing are useful means to detect local adaptation and uncover its underlying genetic basis in nonmodel species. We report results from a study on flowering dogwood trees (Cornus florida L.) using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). This species is ecologically important to eastern US forests but is severely threatened by fungal diseases. We analyzed subpopulations in divergent ecological habitats within North Carolina to uncover loci under local selection and associated with environmental-functional traits or disease infection. At this scale, we tested the effect of incorporating additional sequencing before scaling for a broader examination of the entire range. To test for biases of GBS, we sequenced two similarly sampled libraries independently from six populations of three ecological habitats. We obtained environmental-functional traits for each subpopulation to identify associations with genotypes via latent factor mixed modeling (LFMM) and gradient forests analysis. To test whether heterogeneity of abiotic pressures resulted in genetic differentiation indicative of local adaptation, we evaluated Fst per locus while accounting for genetic differentiation between coastal subpopulations and Piedmont-Mountain subpopulations. Of the 54 candidate loci with sufficient evidence of being under selection among both libraries, 28-39 were Arlequin-BayeScan Fst outliers. For LFMM, 45 candidates were associated with climate (of 54), 30 were associated with soil properties, and four were associated with plant health. Reanalysis of combined libraries showed that 42 candidate loci still showed evidence of being under selection. We conclude environment-driven selection on specific loci has resulted in local adaptation in response to potassium deficiencies, temperature, precipitation, and (to a marginal extent) disease. High allele turnover along ecological gradients further supports the adaptive significance of loci speculated to be under selection.
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genetic structure and post glacial expansion of Cornus florida l cornaceae integrative evidence from phylogeography population demographic history and species distribution modeling
Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Ashley Call, Robert N. Trigiano, Yan Yu, Peter B Pearman, David T Thomas, Ignazio Carbone, Qiu Yun Jenny XiangAbstract:Repeated global climatic cooling and warming cycles during the Pleistocene played a major role in the distribution and evolution of the Earth biota. Here, we integrate phylogeography, coalescent-based Bayesian estimation of demographic history, and species distribution modeling (SDM) to understand the genetic patterns and biogeography of the flowering dogwood, Cornus florida subsp. florida L., since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Natural populations of the species are severely threatened by dogwood anthracnose. We genotyped 306 plants from 73 locations of the species across most of its native distribution with three DNA regions from the plastid genome, ndhF-rpl32, rps16 and trnQ-rps16. The genealogy and haplotype network reconstruction revealed two haplotype lineages diverging ≈3.70 million years ago. We detected no clear geographic structuring of genetic variation, although significant local structure appeared to be evident, likely due to a combination of substantial localized seed dispersal by small mammals and small population size/limited sampling at a location. The spatial distribution of haplotype frequencies, estimated population demographic history, and results from hindcasting analysis using SDM suggested refugia in southeastern North America and population reduction during the LGM, followed by rapid post-glacial expansion to the north. Forecasting analysis using SDM predicted range shifts to the north under ongoing global warming. Our results further suggested that gene flow via seed dispersal has been high but insufficient to counter the effect of genetic drift. This study demonstrates the benefit of integrating genetic data and species distribution modeling to obtain corroborative evidence in elucidating recent biogeographic history and understanding of genetic patterns and species evolution.
Satoshi Nojima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antagonist effects of non‐host fruit volatiles on discrimination of host fruit by Rhagoletis flies infesting apple (Malus pumila), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2005Co-Authors: Charles E Linn, Satoshi Nojima, Wendell L RoelofsAbstract:In previous flight-tunnel tests Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) flies originating from domestic apple (Malus pumila), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), displayed greater numbers of upwind flights to blends of volatiles identified from their natal fruit compared to non-natal fruit. Here, we show that when certain non-host volatiles were added to the host blend, significantly fewer apple, hawthorn, and dogwood flies exhibited sustained upwind flight to the source. Specifically, the upwind flight of apple flies to the apple blend was significantly antagonized by the addition of the hawthorn or dogwood blends, the addition of 3-methylbutan-1-ol alone (a key volatile for hawthorn and dogwood flies), or the combination of 3-methylbutan-1-ol and another key dogwood volatile, 1-octen-3-ol. Similarly, the upwind flight of dogwood and hawthorn flies to their respective natal blends was antagonized by the addition of the apple blend or the key apple volatile butyl hexanoate. Experiments were also conducted to determine whether non-natal fruit volatiles could disrupt the close-range flight response of flies to the visual stimulus of fruit alone, represented by an odorless red sphere. Tests with apple-origin flies showed that when the hawthorn blend, the dogwood blend, or the key antagonist volatiles from each (3-methylbutan-1-ol and 1-octen-3-ol) were added to a red sphere fruit mimic, significantly lower proportions of flies were captured, compared with captures when no odor was present. Our results support the hypothesis that agonist and antagonist properties of fruit volatiles can play an important role in host recognition/ discrimination by Rhagoletis flies.
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antagonist effects of non host fruit volatiles on discrimination of host fruit by rhagoletis flies infesting apple malus pumila hawthorn crataegus spp and flowering dogwood Cornus florida
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2005Co-Authors: Charles E Linn, Satoshi Nojima, Wendell L RoelofsAbstract:In previous flight-tunnel tests Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) flies originating from domestic apple (Malus pumila), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), displayed greater numbers of upwind flights to blends of volatiles identified from their natal fruit compared to non-natal fruit. Here, we show that when certain non-host volatiles were added to the host blend, significantly fewer apple, hawthorn, and dogwood flies exhibited sustained upwind flight to the source. Specifically, the upwind flight of apple flies to the apple blend was significantly antagonized by the addition of the hawthorn or dogwood blends, the addition of 3-methylbutan-1-ol alone (a key volatile for hawthorn and dogwood flies), or the combination of 3-methylbutan-1-ol and another key dogwood volatile, 1-octen-3-ol. Similarly, the upwind flight of dogwood and hawthorn flies to their respective natal blends was antagonized by the addition of the apple blend or the key apple volatile butyl hexanoate. Experiments were also conducted to determine whether non-natal fruit volatiles could disrupt the close-range flight response of flies to the visual stimulus of fruit alone, represented by an odorless red sphere. Tests with apple-origin flies showed that when the hawthorn blend, the dogwood blend, or the key antagonist volatiles from each (3-methylbutan-1-ol and 1-octen-3-ol) were added to a red sphere fruit mimic, significantly lower proportions of flies were captured, compared with captures when no odor was present. Our results support the hypothesis that agonist and antagonist properties of fruit volatiles can play an important role in host recognition/ discrimination by Rhagoletis flies.
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identification of host fruit volatiles from flowering dogwood Cornus florida attractive to dogwood origin rhagoletis pomonella flies
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2003Co-Authors: Satoshi Nojima, Charles E Linn, Wendell L RoelofsAbstract:Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection were used to identify volatiles from fruit of flowering dogwood, Cornus florida, as key attractants for Rhagoletis pomonella flies originating from dogwood fruit. A six-component blend containing ethyl acetate (54.9%), 3-methylbutan-1-ol (27.5%), isoamyl acetate (0.9%), dimethyl trisulfide (1.9%), 1-octen-3-ol (9.1%), and β-caryophyllene (5.8%) was identified from flowering dogwood fruit that gave consistent EAD activity. In a flight tunnel assay there was no significant difference in the response of individual dogwood flies exhibiting upwind anemotactic flight to volatile extracts from dogwood fruit and the six-component synthetic mixture. Dogwood flies also displayed significantly greater levels of upwind flight to sources with the dogwood volatile blend than with previously identified volatile blends from domestic apple or hawthorn fruit. Selected subtraction assays showed that the three-component mixture of 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, and β-caryophyllene elicited levels of upwind flight to the source equivalent to the six-component mixture. Our study adds to previous ones showing that populations of Rhagoletis pomonella flies infesting apple, hawthorn, and flowering dogwood fruit are attracted to unique mixtures of fruit volatiles, supporting the hypothesis that host fruit odors could be key traits in sympatric host shifts and establishing host fidelity within members of the Rhagoletis pomonella species complex.
Charles E Linn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antagonist effects of non‐host fruit volatiles on discrimination of host fruit by Rhagoletis flies infesting apple (Malus pumila), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2005Co-Authors: Charles E Linn, Satoshi Nojima, Wendell L RoelofsAbstract:In previous flight-tunnel tests Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) flies originating from domestic apple (Malus pumila), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), displayed greater numbers of upwind flights to blends of volatiles identified from their natal fruit compared to non-natal fruit. Here, we show that when certain non-host volatiles were added to the host blend, significantly fewer apple, hawthorn, and dogwood flies exhibited sustained upwind flight to the source. Specifically, the upwind flight of apple flies to the apple blend was significantly antagonized by the addition of the hawthorn or dogwood blends, the addition of 3-methylbutan-1-ol alone (a key volatile for hawthorn and dogwood flies), or the combination of 3-methylbutan-1-ol and another key dogwood volatile, 1-octen-3-ol. Similarly, the upwind flight of dogwood and hawthorn flies to their respective natal blends was antagonized by the addition of the apple blend or the key apple volatile butyl hexanoate. Experiments were also conducted to determine whether non-natal fruit volatiles could disrupt the close-range flight response of flies to the visual stimulus of fruit alone, represented by an odorless red sphere. Tests with apple-origin flies showed that when the hawthorn blend, the dogwood blend, or the key antagonist volatiles from each (3-methylbutan-1-ol and 1-octen-3-ol) were added to a red sphere fruit mimic, significantly lower proportions of flies were captured, compared with captures when no odor was present. Our results support the hypothesis that agonist and antagonist properties of fruit volatiles can play an important role in host recognition/ discrimination by Rhagoletis flies.
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antagonist effects of non host fruit volatiles on discrimination of host fruit by rhagoletis flies infesting apple malus pumila hawthorn crataegus spp and flowering dogwood Cornus florida
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2005Co-Authors: Charles E Linn, Satoshi Nojima, Wendell L RoelofsAbstract:In previous flight-tunnel tests Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) flies originating from domestic apple (Malus pumila), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), displayed greater numbers of upwind flights to blends of volatiles identified from their natal fruit compared to non-natal fruit. Here, we show that when certain non-host volatiles were added to the host blend, significantly fewer apple, hawthorn, and dogwood flies exhibited sustained upwind flight to the source. Specifically, the upwind flight of apple flies to the apple blend was significantly antagonized by the addition of the hawthorn or dogwood blends, the addition of 3-methylbutan-1-ol alone (a key volatile for hawthorn and dogwood flies), or the combination of 3-methylbutan-1-ol and another key dogwood volatile, 1-octen-3-ol. Similarly, the upwind flight of dogwood and hawthorn flies to their respective natal blends was antagonized by the addition of the apple blend or the key apple volatile butyl hexanoate. Experiments were also conducted to determine whether non-natal fruit volatiles could disrupt the close-range flight response of flies to the visual stimulus of fruit alone, represented by an odorless red sphere. Tests with apple-origin flies showed that when the hawthorn blend, the dogwood blend, or the key antagonist volatiles from each (3-methylbutan-1-ol and 1-octen-3-ol) were added to a red sphere fruit mimic, significantly lower proportions of flies were captured, compared with captures when no odor was present. Our results support the hypothesis that agonist and antagonist properties of fruit volatiles can play an important role in host recognition/ discrimination by Rhagoletis flies.
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identification of host fruit volatiles from flowering dogwood Cornus florida attractive to dogwood origin rhagoletis pomonella flies
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2003Co-Authors: Satoshi Nojima, Charles E Linn, Wendell L RoelofsAbstract:Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection were used to identify volatiles from fruit of flowering dogwood, Cornus florida, as key attractants for Rhagoletis pomonella flies originating from dogwood fruit. A six-component blend containing ethyl acetate (54.9%), 3-methylbutan-1-ol (27.5%), isoamyl acetate (0.9%), dimethyl trisulfide (1.9%), 1-octen-3-ol (9.1%), and β-caryophyllene (5.8%) was identified from flowering dogwood fruit that gave consistent EAD activity. In a flight tunnel assay there was no significant difference in the response of individual dogwood flies exhibiting upwind anemotactic flight to volatile extracts from dogwood fruit and the six-component synthetic mixture. Dogwood flies also displayed significantly greater levels of upwind flight to sources with the dogwood volatile blend than with previously identified volatile blends from domestic apple or hawthorn fruit. Selected subtraction assays showed that the three-component mixture of 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, and β-caryophyllene elicited levels of upwind flight to the source equivalent to the six-component mixture. Our study adds to previous ones showing that populations of Rhagoletis pomonella flies infesting apple, hawthorn, and flowering dogwood fruit are attracted to unique mixtures of fruit volatiles, supporting the hypothesis that host fruit odors could be key traits in sympatric host shifts and establishing host fidelity within members of the Rhagoletis pomonella species complex.