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Alice H Lichtenstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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plasma alkylresorcinols biomarkers of whole grain intake are not associated with progression of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with Coronary Artery disease
Public Health Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Nicola M Mckeown, David M Herrington, Adela Hruby, Rikard Landberg, Alice H LichtensteinAbstract:The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between plasma alkyresorcinol (AR) concentrations, which are biomarkers of whole-grain intake, and atherosclerotic progression over 3 years in postmenopausal women with Coronary Artery disease.
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abstract p408 plasma alkylresorcinol a biomarker of whole grain intake is not associated with progression of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with Coronary Artery disease
Circulation, 2014Co-Authors: Nicola M Mckeown, David M Herrington, Adela Hruby, Rikard Landberg, Alice H LichtensteinAbstract:Background: Higher whole-grain intake has been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease in prospective observational studies. Few observational studies have incorporated biomarkers of whole-grain intake to confirm self-reported diet-disease associations. Plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) have been used as biomarkers for whole-grain wheat and rye intake. Objective: To assess the relationship between plasma AR concentrations and atherosclerotic progression over a 3-y period. Methods: Plasma AR concentrations were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry in baseline samples from 163 post-menopausal women (aged 49-78 y; median BMI: 29.0 kg/m2) with established Coronary Artery disease (CAD) who participated in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis Study (enrolled 1995-1996) and had baseline food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), baseline and follow-up angiography measures, and complete covariate data. Dietary fiber intake was estimated by FFQ and energy-adjusted. Atherosclerosis progression, defined as change in mean minimum Coronary Artery diameter (MCAD, mm) and change in percent stenosis (%ST), was regressed on plasma AR in mixed models accounting for within-person correlations of Coronary segments, and adjusted for the baseline measure, treatment allocation, clinic, age, race, BMI and follow-up time. Results: Median plasma AR was 16.1 nmol/L (interquartile range: 10.9-25.7). Over 3.1±0.7 years of follow-up, MCAD decreased by approximately 0.09±0.02 mm, while %ST increased by approximately 3.2±0.7%. No significant association was observed between AR and change in MCAD or %ST: a 10% increment in AR was associated with a -0.0002±0.0008 mm (P=0.76) change in MCAD and a 0.008±0.03 change in %ST (P=0.79). Further adjustment for lifestyle and risk factors did not materially change these results. As expected, AR correlated with FFQ- derived intake of cereal fiber (Spearman r=0.27, P Conclusions: Plasma AR concentrations were not significantly associated with Coronary narrowing over a 3-y period in postmenopausal women with CAD. We cannot rule out that large measurement errors in the biomarker, owing to low intake and short half-life may explain the findings.
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adherence to 2005 dietary guidelines for americans is associated with a reduced progression of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in women with established Coronary Artery disease
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2009Co-Authors: Fumiaki Imamura, David M Herrington, Paul F Jacques, Gerard E Dallal, Alice H LichtensteinAbstract:Background: A premise of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) is chronic disease prevention. Objective: The goal was to determine whether a diet meeting the DGA is associated with less atherosclerotic lesion progression. Design: We used the data from 224 postmenopausal women with established Coronary Artery disease enrolled in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis Study. Atherosclerosis progression was defined by repeated measures of quantitative angiography over a 3-y period. Adherence to the key DGA recommendations was measured by using the DGA Adherence Index (DGAI; possible range: 0‐20), with each component weighted equally, and the modified DGAI score (wDGAI; possible range: 20.19‐0.51), with each component weighted based on its relation to Atherosclerosis progression. Mixed-model regression analyses were performed to assess the association between diet and Atherosclerosis progression. Results: No women consumed a diet meeting all of the DGA recommendations. The mean (range) of the DGAI score was 14.1 (8.0‐ 19.0). DGAI was not associated with Atherosclerosis progression (P = 0.44), whereas wDGAI was inversely associated; a 1-SD difference in wDGAI was related to 0.049-mm less narrowing of the Coronary arteries (SE = 0.017, P = 0.004). Conclusions: In postmenopausal women with established heart disease, under the assumption that all DGA recommendations are similarly effective, overall adherence was not associated with Atherosclerosis progression. However, assigning differential weights to the DGA recommendations, the adherence was significantly associated with slower Atherosclerosis progression. Assuming equity of associations between all dietary recommendations and disease outcomes is a limitation in accurately examining the effectiveness of the DGA. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:193‐201.
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cereal fiber and whole grain intake are associated with reduced progression of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with Coronary Artery disease
American Heart Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Arja T Erkkila, David M Herrington, Dariush Mozaffarian, Alice H LichtensteinAbstract:Background Higher intake of fiber, especially cereal fiber, has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, there are limited data on the effect of fiber intake on measures of progression of Coronary Artery disease (CAD). The aim was to examine the association between intakes of total fiber and fiber from different dietary sources and progression of Coronary-Artery Atherosclerosis among women with established CAD. Methods A prospective cohort study involved postmenopausal women (n = 229) participating in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis trial. Usual fiber intake was estimated at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire. Quantitative Coronary angiography was performed at baseline and after 3.2 ± 0.6 (mean ± SD) years to assess changes in mean minimum Coronary Artery diameter and mean percent stenosis. Results Compared to lower intakes, >3 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) of cereal fiber or >6 servings of whole grains per week were associated with smaller decline in minimum Coronary Artery diameter (cereal fiber: −0.09 ± 0.02 vs −0.04 ± 0.02 mm, P = .03; whole grains: −0.10 ± 0.02 vs −0.06 ± 0.02 mm, P = .04) after adjustments for age, cardiovascular risk factors, and dietary intakes of saturated and polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, and alcohol. Progression in percent stenosis tended to be less in women with higher intake of cereal fiber ( P = .10) or whole-grain foods ( P = .09), after similar adjustments. Intakes of total, fruit, and vegetable fiber, and number of servings of refined grain, fruits, or vegetable were not associated with progression. Conclusions Higher intakes of cereal fiber and whole-grain products are associated with less progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with established CAD.
David M Herrington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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plasma alkylresorcinols biomarkers of whole grain intake are not associated with progression of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with Coronary Artery disease
Public Health Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Nicola M Mckeown, David M Herrington, Adela Hruby, Rikard Landberg, Alice H LichtensteinAbstract:The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between plasma alkyresorcinol (AR) concentrations, which are biomarkers of whole-grain intake, and atherosclerotic progression over 3 years in postmenopausal women with Coronary Artery disease.
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abstract p408 plasma alkylresorcinol a biomarker of whole grain intake is not associated with progression of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with Coronary Artery disease
Circulation, 2014Co-Authors: Nicola M Mckeown, David M Herrington, Adela Hruby, Rikard Landberg, Alice H LichtensteinAbstract:Background: Higher whole-grain intake has been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease in prospective observational studies. Few observational studies have incorporated biomarkers of whole-grain intake to confirm self-reported diet-disease associations. Plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) have been used as biomarkers for whole-grain wheat and rye intake. Objective: To assess the relationship between plasma AR concentrations and atherosclerotic progression over a 3-y period. Methods: Plasma AR concentrations were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry in baseline samples from 163 post-menopausal women (aged 49-78 y; median BMI: 29.0 kg/m2) with established Coronary Artery disease (CAD) who participated in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis Study (enrolled 1995-1996) and had baseline food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), baseline and follow-up angiography measures, and complete covariate data. Dietary fiber intake was estimated by FFQ and energy-adjusted. Atherosclerosis progression, defined as change in mean minimum Coronary Artery diameter (MCAD, mm) and change in percent stenosis (%ST), was regressed on plasma AR in mixed models accounting for within-person correlations of Coronary segments, and adjusted for the baseline measure, treatment allocation, clinic, age, race, BMI and follow-up time. Results: Median plasma AR was 16.1 nmol/L (interquartile range: 10.9-25.7). Over 3.1±0.7 years of follow-up, MCAD decreased by approximately 0.09±0.02 mm, while %ST increased by approximately 3.2±0.7%. No significant association was observed between AR and change in MCAD or %ST: a 10% increment in AR was associated with a -0.0002±0.0008 mm (P=0.76) change in MCAD and a 0.008±0.03 change in %ST (P=0.79). Further adjustment for lifestyle and risk factors did not materially change these results. As expected, AR correlated with FFQ- derived intake of cereal fiber (Spearman r=0.27, P Conclusions: Plasma AR concentrations were not significantly associated with Coronary narrowing over a 3-y period in postmenopausal women with CAD. We cannot rule out that large measurement errors in the biomarker, owing to low intake and short half-life may explain the findings.
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adherence to 2005 dietary guidelines for americans is associated with a reduced progression of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in women with established Coronary Artery disease
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2009Co-Authors: Fumiaki Imamura, David M Herrington, Paul F Jacques, Gerard E Dallal, Alice H LichtensteinAbstract:Background: A premise of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) is chronic disease prevention. Objective: The goal was to determine whether a diet meeting the DGA is associated with less atherosclerotic lesion progression. Design: We used the data from 224 postmenopausal women with established Coronary Artery disease enrolled in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis Study. Atherosclerosis progression was defined by repeated measures of quantitative angiography over a 3-y period. Adherence to the key DGA recommendations was measured by using the DGA Adherence Index (DGAI; possible range: 0‐20), with each component weighted equally, and the modified DGAI score (wDGAI; possible range: 20.19‐0.51), with each component weighted based on its relation to Atherosclerosis progression. Mixed-model regression analyses were performed to assess the association between diet and Atherosclerosis progression. Results: No women consumed a diet meeting all of the DGA recommendations. The mean (range) of the DGAI score was 14.1 (8.0‐ 19.0). DGAI was not associated with Atherosclerosis progression (P = 0.44), whereas wDGAI was inversely associated; a 1-SD difference in wDGAI was related to 0.049-mm less narrowing of the Coronary arteries (SE = 0.017, P = 0.004). Conclusions: In postmenopausal women with established heart disease, under the assumption that all DGA recommendations are similarly effective, overall adherence was not associated with Atherosclerosis progression. However, assigning differential weights to the DGA recommendations, the adherence was significantly associated with slower Atherosclerosis progression. Assuming equity of associations between all dietary recommendations and disease outcomes is a limitation in accurately examining the effectiveness of the DGA. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:193‐201.
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cereal fiber and whole grain intake are associated with reduced progression of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with Coronary Artery disease
American Heart Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Arja T Erkkila, David M Herrington, Dariush Mozaffarian, Alice H LichtensteinAbstract:Background Higher intake of fiber, especially cereal fiber, has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, there are limited data on the effect of fiber intake on measures of progression of Coronary Artery disease (CAD). The aim was to examine the association between intakes of total fiber and fiber from different dietary sources and progression of Coronary-Artery Atherosclerosis among women with established CAD. Methods A prospective cohort study involved postmenopausal women (n = 229) participating in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis trial. Usual fiber intake was estimated at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire. Quantitative Coronary angiography was performed at baseline and after 3.2 ± 0.6 (mean ± SD) years to assess changes in mean minimum Coronary Artery diameter and mean percent stenosis. Results Compared to lower intakes, >3 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) of cereal fiber or >6 servings of whole grains per week were associated with smaller decline in minimum Coronary Artery diameter (cereal fiber: −0.09 ± 0.02 vs −0.04 ± 0.02 mm, P = .03; whole grains: −0.10 ± 0.02 vs −0.06 ± 0.02 mm, P = .04) after adjustments for age, cardiovascular risk factors, and dietary intakes of saturated and polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, and alcohol. Progression in percent stenosis tended to be less in women with higher intake of cereal fiber ( P = .10) or whole-grain foods ( P = .09), after similar adjustments. Intakes of total, fruit, and vegetable fiber, and number of servings of refined grain, fruits, or vegetable were not associated with progression. Conclusions Higher intakes of cereal fiber and whole-grain products are associated with less progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with established CAD.
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effects of estrogen replacement on the progression of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: David M Herrington, David M Reboussin, K B Brosnihan, Penny C Sharp, Sally A Shumaker, Thomas E Snyder, Curt D Furberg, Glen J Kowalchuk, Thomas D Stuckey, William J RogersAbstract:BACKGROUND: Heart disease is a major cause of illness and death in women. To understand better the role of estrogen in the treatment and prevention of heart disease, more information is needed about its effects on Coronary Atherosclerosis and the extent to which concomitant progestin therapy may modify these effects. METHODS: We randomly assigned a total of 309 women with angiographically verified Coronary disease to receive 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogen per day, 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogen plus 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate per day, or placebo. The women were followed for a mean (+/-SD) of 3.2+/-0.6 years. Base-line and follow-up Coronary angiograms were analyzed by quantitative Coronary angiography. RESULTS: Estrogen and estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate produced significant reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (9.4 percent and 16.5 percent, respectively) and significant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (18.8 percent and 14.2 percent, respectively); however, neither treatment altered the progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis. After adjustment for measurements at base line, the mean (+/-SE) minimal Coronary-Artery diameters at follow-up were 1.87+/-0.02 mm, 1.84+/-0.02 mm, and 1.87+/-0.02 mm in women assigned to estrogen, estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, and placebo, respectively. The differences between the values for the two active-treatment groups and the value for the placebo group were not significant. Analyses of several secondary angiographic outcomes and subgroups of women produced similar results. The rates of clinical cardiovascular events were also similar among the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Neither estrogen alone nor estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate affected the progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in women with established disease. These results suggest that such women should not use estrogen replacement with an expectation of cardiovascular benefit.
Michael C Stein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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increased augmentation index in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis
The Journal of Rheumatology, 2007Co-Authors: Ingrid Avalos, Cecilia P Chung, Paolo Raggi, Daniel Kurnik, Tuulikki Sokka, Theodore Pincus, Annette Oeser, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Ayumi Shintani, Michael C SteinAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Arterial stiffness, assessed by the augmentation index and pulse wave velocity, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with accelerated Atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular mortality. We examined the hypothesis that augmentation index and pulse wave velocity are increased in RA, and are related to Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis. METHODS: We measured augmentation index and brachial pulse wave velocity in 117 patients with RA [57 with early ( 10 yrs)] and 65 healthy controls. Coronary Artery calcification was measured by electron beam computed tomography. Augmentation index and pulse wave velocity were compared in patients with early RA, late RA, and controls, and the association with Coronary Atherosclerosis was examined. RESULTS: Patients with late RA had a higher augmentation index (median 33.8%, interquartile range 27.5% 37.0%) than those with early disease (median 27.5%, IQR 21.0% 34.0%) (p = 0.008) and controls (median 27.0%, IQR 20.4% 33.0%) (p
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increased Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis relationship to disease duration and cardiovascular risk factors
Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2005Co-Authors: Cecilia P Chung, Ingrid Avalos, Paolo Raggi, Tuulikki Sokka, Theodore Pincus, Annette Oeser, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Ayumi Shintani, Michael C SteinAbstract:Objective To compare the prevalence and severity of Coronary-Artery Atherosclerosis in patients with early and established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and controls. Methods Electron-beam computed tomography was used to measure the extent of Coronary-Artery calcification in 227 subjects, of whom 70 had early RA, 71 had established RA, and 86 were controls. Coronary-Artery calcification calculated according to the Agatston calcium score was compared in patients and controls, and its relationship to clinical characteristics was examined. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were obtained with the use of proportional odds logistic regression models to determine independent associations of early and established RA and Coronary-Artery calcification. Results Calcium scores were higher in patients with established RA (median 40.2, interquartile range [IQR] 0–358.8) compared with those with early disease (median 0, IQR 0–42.6) and controls (median 0, IQR 0–19.2) (P = 0.001). Coronary-Artery calcification occurred more frequently in patients with established RA (60.6%) than in patients with early RA (42.9%) and control subjects (38.4%) (P = 0.016) The OR for the likelihood of having more severe Coronary-Artery calcification (defined as an Agatston score >109) in patients with established disease was 3.42 (P = 0.002) after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. Among patients with RA, smoking (OR 1.02, P = 0.04) and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (OR 1.02, P = 0.05) were associated with more severe Coronary-Artery calcification after adjustment for age and sex. Conclusion The prevalence and severity of Coronary calcification is increased in patients with established RA and is related, in part, to smoking and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
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premature Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Yu Asanuma, Paolo Raggi, Annette Oeser, Ayumi Shintani, Elizabeth Turner, Nancy J Olsen, Sergio Fazio, Macrae F Linton, Michael C SteinAbstract:Background Premature Coronary Artery disease is a major cause of illness and death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, but little is known about the prevalence, extent, and causes of Coronary-Artery Atherosclerosis. Methods We used electron-beam computed tomography to screen for the presence of Coronary-Artery calcification in 65 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (mean [±SD] age, 40.3±11.6 years) and 69 control subjects (mean age, 42.7±12.6 years) with no history of Coronary Artery disease. When calcification was detected, the extent was measured by means of the Agatston score. The frequency of risk factors for Coronary Artery disease was compared in patients and controls, and the relation between the patients' clinical characteristics and the presence or absence of Coronary-Artery calcification was examined. Results The two groups were similar with respect to age, race, and sex. Coronary-Artery calcification was more frequent in patients with lupus (20 of 65 patients) than in control ...
Thomas B Clarkson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estrogen replacement therapy Atherosclerosis and vascular function
Cardiovascular Research, 2002Co-Authors: Tomi S Mikkola, Thomas B ClarksonAbstract:There is strong evidence from both human and nonhuman primate studies supporting the conclusion that estrogen deficiency increases the progression of Atherosclerosis. More controversial is the conclusion that postmenopausal estrogen replacement inhibits the progression of Atherosclerosis. Estrogen treatment of older women (>65 years) with pre-existing Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis had no beneficial effects. In contrast, estrogen treatment of younger postmenopausal women or monkeys in the early stages of Atherosclerosis progression has marked beneficial effects. Whether progestogens attenuate the cardiovascular benefits of estrogen replacement therapy has been controversial for more than a decade. Current evidence from studies of both monkeys and women suggest little or no attenuation of estrogen benefits for Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis. Lack of compliance with estrogen replacement therapy, usually because of fear of breast cancer, remains a major problem. Future regimens may overcome that fear by the co-administration of a breast cancer preventive agent (i.e., selective estrogen receptor modulators, phytoestrogens) with low dose estrogen.
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a comparison of tibolone and conjugated equine estrogens effects on Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis and bone density of postmenopausal monkeys
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2001Co-Authors: Thomas B Clarkson, Mary S Anthony, Janice D WagnerAbstract:This study compared the effects of tibolone, a tissue-specific compound for the treatment of climacteric symptoms and the prevention of osteoporosis, with those of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) with and without medroxyprogesterone (MPA) on bone mineral density and Coronary Atherosclerosis (CAA) of postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys. The groups were tibolone [two doses were used, 0.05 mg/kg (LoTib) and 0.2 mg/kg (HiTib)], CEE (0.042 mg/kg), CEE (0.042 mg/kg) plus MPA (0.167 mg/kg given continuously), and a control group given no treatment for 2 yr. Compared with no treatment, bone mineral density was higher by 6.3% (P = 0.0004) in the LoTib group and by 9.5% (P = 0.02) in the HiTib group compared with 4.3% (P = 0.12) for CEE and 4.5% (P = 0.10) for CEE+MPA. Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced by 49% with HiTib and by 34% with LoTib. There were no differences in CAA between control and HiTib (P = 0.60) or LoTib (P = 0.58). CEE and CEE+MPA both reduced CAA by about 62% (CEE vs. control...
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a comparison of tibolone and conjugated equine estrogens effects on Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis and bone density of postmenopausal monkeys
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2001Co-Authors: Thomas B Clarkson, Mary S Anthony, Janice D WagnerAbstract:This study compared the effects of tibolone, a tissue-specific compound for the treatment of climacteric symptoms and the prevention of osteoporosis, with those of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) with and without medroxyprogesterone (MPA) on bone mineral density and Coronary Atherosclerosis (CAA) of postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys. The groups were tibolone [two doses were used, 0.05 mg/kg (LoTib) and 0.2 mg/kg (HiTib)], CEE (0.042 mg/kg), CEE (0.042 mg/kg) plus MPA (0.167 mg/kg given continuously), and a control group given no treatment for 2 yr. Compared with no treatment, bone mineral density was higher by 6.3% (P = 0.0004) in the LoTib group and by 9.5% (P = 0.02) in the HiTib group compared with 4.3% (P = 0.12) for CEE and 4.5% (P = 0.10) for CEE+MPA. Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced by 49% with HiTib and by 34% with LoTib. There were no differences in CAA between control and HiTib (P = 0.60) or LoTib (P = 0.58). CEE and CEE+MPA both reduced CAA by about 62% (CEE vs. control, P = 0.02; CEE+MPA vs. control, P = 0.01). Despite adverse effects of tibolone on plasma lipoprotein concentrations, there was no increase in CAA, suggesting that tibolone is a cardiovascular-safe treatment for climacteric symptoms and the prevention of osteoporosis.
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inhibition of postmenopausal Atherosclerosis progression a comparison of the effects of conjugated equine estrogens and soy phytoestrogens
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2001Co-Authors: Thomas B Clarkson, Mary S Anthony, Timothy M MorganAbstract:Experimental evidence was sought concerning whether soy phytoestrogens (SPEs) inhibit postmenopausal Atherosclerosis progression/extent and, if so, their effectiveness relative to traditional estrogen replacement therapy. Premenopausal cynomolgus monkeys were fed a moderately atherogenic diet (26 months) to induce Atherosclerosis. After ovariectomy, the moderately atherogenic diet was continued, and they were treated (36 months) with a control diet (soy protein depleted of SPEs), a diet containing SPEs in soy protein isolate, or a diet containing SPE-depleted soy protein with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE; Premarin) added. SPE effects on plasma lipids were better than those of CEE (higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol and no increase in triglyceride). Relative to the control group, CEE treatment inhibited (P = 0.0001), and SPE treatment partially inhibited (P = 0.10) the progression of Atherosclerosis (common iliac Artery Atherosclerosis before and after treatment). CEE-treated monkeys had much less Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis than the controls (P = 0.0002), whereas SPE-treated monkeys were intermediate in lesion extent between the controls and the CEE-treated animals (P = 0.02). Both CEE and SPE significantly reduced the extent of common carotid and internal carotid Artery Atherosclerosis, and the two treatment groups were not significantly different.
Nicola M Mckeown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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plasma alkylresorcinols biomarkers of whole grain intake are not associated with progression of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with Coronary Artery disease
Public Health Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Nicola M Mckeown, David M Herrington, Adela Hruby, Rikard Landberg, Alice H LichtensteinAbstract:The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between plasma alkyresorcinol (AR) concentrations, which are biomarkers of whole-grain intake, and atherosclerotic progression over 3 years in postmenopausal women with Coronary Artery disease.
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abstract p408 plasma alkylresorcinol a biomarker of whole grain intake is not associated with progression of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with Coronary Artery disease
Circulation, 2014Co-Authors: Nicola M Mckeown, David M Herrington, Adela Hruby, Rikard Landberg, Alice H LichtensteinAbstract:Background: Higher whole-grain intake has been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease in prospective observational studies. Few observational studies have incorporated biomarkers of whole-grain intake to confirm self-reported diet-disease associations. Plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) have been used as biomarkers for whole-grain wheat and rye intake. Objective: To assess the relationship between plasma AR concentrations and atherosclerotic progression over a 3-y period. Methods: Plasma AR concentrations were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry in baseline samples from 163 post-menopausal women (aged 49-78 y; median BMI: 29.0 kg/m2) with established Coronary Artery disease (CAD) who participated in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis Study (enrolled 1995-1996) and had baseline food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), baseline and follow-up angiography measures, and complete covariate data. Dietary fiber intake was estimated by FFQ and energy-adjusted. Atherosclerosis progression, defined as change in mean minimum Coronary Artery diameter (MCAD, mm) and change in percent stenosis (%ST), was regressed on plasma AR in mixed models accounting for within-person correlations of Coronary segments, and adjusted for the baseline measure, treatment allocation, clinic, age, race, BMI and follow-up time. Results: Median plasma AR was 16.1 nmol/L (interquartile range: 10.9-25.7). Over 3.1±0.7 years of follow-up, MCAD decreased by approximately 0.09±0.02 mm, while %ST increased by approximately 3.2±0.7%. No significant association was observed between AR and change in MCAD or %ST: a 10% increment in AR was associated with a -0.0002±0.0008 mm (P=0.76) change in MCAD and a 0.008±0.03 change in %ST (P=0.79). Further adjustment for lifestyle and risk factors did not materially change these results. As expected, AR correlated with FFQ- derived intake of cereal fiber (Spearman r=0.27, P Conclusions: Plasma AR concentrations were not significantly associated with Coronary narrowing over a 3-y period in postmenopausal women with CAD. We cannot rule out that large measurement errors in the biomarker, owing to low intake and short half-life may explain the findings.