The Experts below are selected from a list of 17586 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David B. Sarwer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Internalization of Appearance Ideals and Cosmetic Surgery Attitudes: A Test of the Tripartite Influence Model of Body Image
Sex Roles, 2011Co-Authors: Jessie E. Menzel, David B. Sarwer, Steffanie L. Sperry, Brent Small, J. Kevin Thompson, Thomas F CashAbstract:The Tripartite Influence Model of Body Image was adapted to examine the role of body satisfaction, perceived pressure to have Cosmetic Surgery, and internalization of societal appearance ideals in understanding Cosmetic Surgery attitudes. Participants were 2,048 men ( N = 445) and women ( N = 1,603) American college students from Florida who completed a range of measures that assessed levels of body satisfaction, perceived appearance pressures, internalization of appearance standards, and Cosmetic Surgery attitudes. A structural equation model was used to test hypothesized relations independently for men and women. Results indicated a moderate-good fit to the data, with both internalization and body satisfaction mediating the effect of perceived pressures on Cosmetic Surgery attitudes. Invariance testing revealed significant differences in pathway estimates between samples of men and women. The findings offer further support for the Tripartite Influence Model of Body Image and indicate potential factors that may influence Cosmetic Surgery attitudes.
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Cosmetic Surgery reality tv viewership relations with Cosmetic Surgery attitudes body image and disordered eating
Annals of Plastic Surgery, 2009Co-Authors: Steffanie Sperry, David B. Sarwer, Joel Kevin Thompson, Thomas F CashAbstract:Background:According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (2007), the number of Cosmetic procedures has increased to over 10 million in 2006, representing a 48% increase from 2000. This increase in Cosmetic Surgery prevalence is paralleled by a surge in reality Cosmetic Surgery television pro
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female college students and Cosmetic Surgery an investigation of experiences attitudes and body image
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2005Co-Authors: David B. Sarwer, Thomas F Cash, Leanne Magee, Emily Fleming Williams, Kevin J Thompson, Megan Roehrig, Stacey Tantleffdunn, Allison Kanter Agliata, Denise E Wilfley, Amy D AmidonAbstract:This large, multisite study investigated female college students' experiences with and attitudes about Cosmetic Surgery. The study also assessed the relationship between several aspects of body image, including appearance satisfaction and investment and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder, and interest in Cosmetic Surgery. Thirty (5 percent) of the 559 women surveyed reported that they had undergone Cosmetic Surgery. Two thirds of respondents reported knowing someone who had received Cosmetic Surgery, and approximately one third indicated that a family member had undergone Surgery. Overall, participants held relatively favorable attitudes about Surgery. Regression analysis suggested that a greater psychological investment in physical appearance and greater internalization of mass media images of beauty predicted more favorable attitudes toward Cosmetic Surgery. Fourteen women (2.5 percent) screened positive for body dysmorphic disorder based on the nature and severity of their self-reported body-image concerns. Results of this study provide new information on young women's experiences and attitudes about Cosmetic Surgery and how these attitudes relate to body image.
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psychological investigations in Cosmetic Surgery a look back and a look ahead
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1998Co-Authors: David B. Sarwer, Thomas A. Wadden, Michael J. Pertschuk, Linton A. WhitakerAbstract:This article reviews the history of psychological investigations of Cosmetic Surgery patients. These studies have been designed to address two fundamental questions: (1) Are there "patient types" or forms of psychopathology that serve as contraindications to Cosmetic Surgery? and (2) What is the likelihood of psychological change following Cosmetic Surgery? This review suggests that the research has not fully answered these questions. In response, we propose a new direction for psychological investigation, focusing on issues of body image in Cosmetic Surgery patients. We discuss the relationship between body image and Cosmetic Surgery and pose several relevant questions for future research.
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Body image dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorder in 100 Cosmetic Surgery patients.
Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 1998Co-Authors: David B. Sarwer, Thomas A. Wadden, Michael J. Pertschuk, Linton A. WhitakerAbstract:This study was the first empirical investigation of body image dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorder in Cosmetic Surgery patients. Of 132 women, 100 women (response rate, 76 percent) completed two body image measures prior to Surgery, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire and the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination Self-Report. Cosmetic Surgery patients did not demonstrate greater dissatisfaction with their overall appearance compared with the reported normal values of the measures. However, when asked about the specific bodily feature they were considering for Cosmetic Surgery, they reported significantly greater dissatisfaction than a normative sample. In addition, 7 percent of the sample met diagnostic criteria for body dysmorphic disorder, a potential psychiatric contraindication to Cosmetic Surgery. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the nature of body image dissatisfaction and the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in Cosmetic Surgery populations.
Linton A. Whitaker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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psychological investigations in Cosmetic Surgery a look back and a look ahead
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1998Co-Authors: David B. Sarwer, Thomas A. Wadden, Michael J. Pertschuk, Linton A. WhitakerAbstract:This article reviews the history of psychological investigations of Cosmetic Surgery patients. These studies have been designed to address two fundamental questions: (1) Are there "patient types" or forms of psychopathology that serve as contraindications to Cosmetic Surgery? and (2) What is the likelihood of psychological change following Cosmetic Surgery? This review suggests that the research has not fully answered these questions. In response, we propose a new direction for psychological investigation, focusing on issues of body image in Cosmetic Surgery patients. We discuss the relationship between body image and Cosmetic Surgery and pose several relevant questions for future research.
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Body image dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorder in 100 Cosmetic Surgery patients.
Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 1998Co-Authors: David B. Sarwer, Thomas A. Wadden, Michael J. Pertschuk, Linton A. WhitakerAbstract:This study was the first empirical investigation of body image dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorder in Cosmetic Surgery patients. Of 132 women, 100 women (response rate, 76 percent) completed two body image measures prior to Surgery, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire and the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination Self-Report. Cosmetic Surgery patients did not demonstrate greater dissatisfaction with their overall appearance compared with the reported normal values of the measures. However, when asked about the specific bodily feature they were considering for Cosmetic Surgery, they reported significantly greater dissatisfaction than a normative sample. In addition, 7 percent of the sample met diagnostic criteria for body dysmorphic disorder, a potential psychiatric contraindication to Cosmetic Surgery. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the nature of body image dissatisfaction and the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in Cosmetic Surgery populations.
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the psychology of Cosmetic Surgery a review and reconceptualization
Clinical Psychology Review, 1998Co-Authors: David B. Sarwer, Thomas A. Wadden, Michael J. Pertschuk, Linton A. WhitakerAbstract:This article discusses the psychology of Cosmetic Surgery. A review of the research on the psychological characteristics of individuals who seek Cosmetic Surgery yielded contradictory findings. Interview-based investigations revealed high levels of psychopathology in Cosmetic Surgery patients, whereas studies that used standardized measurements reported far less disturbance. It is difficult to fully resolve the discrepancy between these two sets of findings. We believe that investigating the construct of body image in Cosmetic Surgery patients will yield more useful findings. Thus, we propose a model of the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and Cosmetic Surgery and outline a research agenda based upon the model. Such research will generate information that is useful to the medical and mental health communities and, ultimately, the patients themselves.
Lloyd M Krieger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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discount Cosmetic Surgery industry trends and strategies for success
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2002Co-Authors: Lloyd M KriegerAbstract:Discount Cosmetic Surgery is a topic of interest to plastic surgeons. To understand this trend and its effects on plastic surgeons, it is necessary to review the economics of Cosmetic Surgery, plastic Surgery’s practice environment, and the broader business principles of service industries.Recent wo
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Discount Cosmetic Surgery: industry trends and strategies for success.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2002Co-Authors: Lloyd M KriegerAbstract:Discount Cosmetic Surgery is a topic of interest to plastic surgeons. To understand this trend and its effects on plastic surgeons, it is necessary to review the economics of Cosmetic Surgery, plastic Surgery's practice environment, and the broader business principles of service industries. Recent work looked at the economics of the plastic Surgery market. This analysis demonstrated that increased local density of plastic surgeons was associated with lower adjusted fees for Cosmetic procedures. A survey of plastic surgeons about their practice environment revealed that 93 percent categorized the majority of their patients as very or moderately price-sensitive. Fully 98 percent described their business climate as very or moderately competitive and most plastic surgeons thought they lost a sizable number of Cosmetic patients within the last year for reasons of price.A standard industry analysis, when applied to Cosmetic Surgery, reveals the following: an increased number of surgeons leads to lower fees (reducing their bargaining power as suppliers), patients are price-sensitive (increasing their bargaining power as buyers), and there are few barriers to entry among providers (allowing potential new entrants into the market). Such a situation is conducive to discounting taking hold-and even becoming the industry norm. In this environment, business strategy dictates there are three protocols for success: discounting, differentiation, and focus. Discounting joins the trend toward cutting fees. Success comes from increasing volume and efficiency and thus preserving profits. Differentiation creates an industrywide perception of uniqueness; this requires broadly positioning plastic surgeons as holders of a distinct brand identity separate from other "Cosmetic surgeons." The final strategy is to focus on a particular buyer group to develop a market niche, such as establishing a "Park Avenue" practice catering to patients who demand a prestigious surgeon, although this is likely a small segment of the overall patient population. Plastic surgeons that buck the trend toward discount Cosmetic Surgery must take concrete and potentially costly steps to implement a plausible strategy for distinguishing their practices within the crowded Cosmetic Surgery market.
David Hirshleifer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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editorial Cosmetic Surgery in the academic review process
Review of Financial Studies, 2015Co-Authors: David HirshleiferAbstract:Has the academic review process become excessive? In a setting where editors cannot distinguish significant flaws from mere blemishes, reviewers recommend the repair of blemishes in order to acquire reputations for high skill. In equilibrium, editors accede to reviewer insistence upon such Cosmetic Surgery. If blemishes are sometimes unremovable, demands for repair sometimes block good papers from publication. This implies a social value to active editing. Reviewer signal-jamming may especially suppress innovative research and research designed to verify others' findings. This perspective strongly suggests that the growth of the review process is harmful. I therefore offer tentative proposals for reform.
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editorial Cosmetic Surgery in the academic review process
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: David HirshleiferAbstract:Has the academic review process become excessive? I describe a model in which reviewers who seek reputations with editors for high skill recommend the repair of mere blemishes as well as significant flaws. Reviewer signal-jamming is profitable if editors have trouble distinguishing the two, leading in equilibrium to insistence upon Cosmetic Surgery. Indeed, if there is a chance that blemishes are unremovable, in equilibrium editor and reviewer demands sometimes cause good papers to remain unpublished. This implies a socially valuable role for active editing. Signal-jamming incentives may especially suppress innovative papers, as well as external verification by means of follow-up papers. This perspective strongly suggests that the increased burden of the review process is undesirable. I offer tentative thoughts about what to do about it.
Helge E Roald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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psychosocial changes after Cosmetic Surgery a 5 year follow up study
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2011Co-Authors: Tilmann Von Soest, Ingela Lundin Kvalem, Knut Skolleborg, Helge E RoaldAbstract:Background: Most studies examining psychosocial changes after Cosmetic Surgery have short follow-up periods and therefore provide limited information about long-term effects of such Surgery. Moreover, studies that identify whether preexisting patient characteristics are associated with poor psychosocial outcomes after Cosmetic Surgery are lacking. The current study provides information about both of these issues. Methods: Questionnaire data from 130 female Norwegian Cosmetic Surgery patients were obtained before and 5 years after Surgery. The questionnaire consisted of measures on appearance satisfaction, self-esteem, psychological problems, and patients' evaluation of the outcome of Surgery. Data from a representative sample of 838 Norwegian women, aged 22 to 55 years, were used for comparison purposes. Results: Analyses revealed an improvement in both general appearance satisfaction and satisfaction with the body part operated on 5 years after Surgery. A small increase in self-esteem was observed as well. High rates of preoperative psychological problems and low self-esteem were related to more negative changes in some of the psychosocial measures after Surgery compared with patients with better psychological health. Furthermore, factors associated with the actual decision to undergo Surgery were related to changes in psychological health and patients' evaluation of the outcome of Surgery. Conclusions: This study indicates that Cosmetic Surgery has positive long-term effects on appearance-related variables. However, surgeons should be particularly aware of patients with psychological problems, as these may compromise patient satisfaction with the effects of Cosmetic Surgery. Factors affecting the decision itself to undergo Cosmetic Surgery may also be relevant for subsequent psychosocial outcomes. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, II.
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Cosmetic Surgery and the relationship between appearance satisfaction and extraversion testing a transactional model of personality
Journal of Research in Personality, 2009Co-Authors: Tilmann Von Soest, Ingela Lundin Kvalem, Knut Skolleborg, Helge E RoaldAbstract:Abstract Few studies have tested potential explanatory mechanisms for the high stability of extraversion. In this study, the relationship between extraversion, appearance evaluation, and Cosmetic Surgery was investigated to examine such mechanisms. The “Big Five” personality traits were assessed in 155 female Cosmetic Surgery patients prior to and 6 months after Surgery, as well as from a representative sample of 907 women. Patients showed higher extraversion scores prior to Surgery than were found in the representative sample; further, extraversion scores increased after Surgery, while the increase diminished when controlled for appearance evaluation. The results are in accordance with a transactional model, whereby extraverts engage in actions that reinforce extravert tendencies, which may account for the high stability of extraversion.
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the effects of Cosmetic Surgery on body image self esteem and psychological problems
Journal of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 2009Co-Authors: Tilmann Von Soest, Ingela Lundin Kvalem, Helge E Roald, Knut SkolleborgAbstract:Summary Background This study aims to investigate whether Cosmetic Surgery has an effect on an individual's body image, general self-esteem, and psychological problems. Further tests were conducted to assess whether the extent of psychological problems before Surgery influenced improvements in postoperative psychological outcomes. Methods Questionnaire data from 155 female Cosmetic Surgery patients from a plastic Surgery clinic were obtained before and approximately 6 months after Surgery. The questionnaire consisted of measures on body image, self-esteem, and psychological problems. Pre- and postoperative values were compared. Pre- and postoperative measures were also compared with the data compiled from a representative sample of 838 Norwegian women, aged 22–55, with no Cosmetic Surgery experience. Results No differences in psychological problems between the preSurgery patient and comparison samples were found, whereas differences in body image and self-esteem between the sample groups were reported in an earlier publication. Analyses further revealed an improvement in body image (satisfaction with own appearance) after Surgery. A significant but rather small effect on self-esteem was also found, whereas the level of psychological problems did not change after Surgery. Postoperative measures of appearance satisfaction, self-esteem, and psychological problems did not differ from values derived from the comparison sample. Finally, few psychological problems before Surgery predicted a greater improvement in appearance satisfaction and self-esteem after Surgery. Conclusions The study provides evidence of improvement in satisfaction with own appearance after Cosmetic Surgery, a variable that is thought to play a central role in understanding the psychology of Cosmetic Surgery patients. The study also points to the factors that surgeons should be aware of, particularly the role of psychological problems, which could inhibit the positive effects of Cosmetic Surgery.
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psychosocial factors predicting the motivation to undergo Cosmetic Surgery
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2006Co-Authors: Tilmann Von Soest, Ingela Lundin Kvalem, Knut Skolleborg, Helge E RoaldAbstract:Background:The present study investigates psychological factors expected to predict the motivation to undergo Cosmetic Surgery. It is hypothesized that body image, self-esteem, teasing history, acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery in the individual's environment, and self-monitoring relate to motivation t
