The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Keith N. Hylton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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error Costs Ratio tests and patent antitrust law
Review of Industrial Organization, 2020Co-Authors: Keith N. HyltonAbstract:This paper examines the welfare tradeoff between patent and antitrust law. Since patent and antitrust law have contradictory goals, the question that naturally arises is how one should choose between the two in instances where there is a conflict. One sensible approach to choosing between two legal standards—or between proof standards with respect to evidence—is to consider the relative Costs of errors. The approach in this paper is to consider the Ratio of false positives to false negatives in patent antitrust. We find that the relevant error-Cost Ratio for patent antitrust is the proportion of the sum of the monopoly profit and the residual consumer surplus to the deadweight loss. This error-Cost Ratio—for a wide range of deterministic demand functions—ranges from infinity to a low of roughly three. This suggests that patent antitrust law should err on the side of protecting innovation incentives.
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error Costs Ratio tests and patent antitrust law
Boston University School of Law Law and Economics Research Paper, 2019Co-Authors: Keith N. Hylton, Wendy XuAbstract:This paper examines the welfare tradeoff between patent and antitrust law. Since patent and antitrust law have contradictory goals, the question that naturally arises is how one should choose between the two in instances where there is a conflict. One sensible approach to choosing between two legal standards, or between proof standards with respect to evidence, is to consider the relative Costs of errors. The approach in this paper is to consider the Ratio of false positives to false negatives in patent antitrust. We find that the relevant error Cost Ratio for patent antitrust is the proportion of the sum of the monopoly profit and residual consumer surplus to the deadweight loss. This error Cost Ratio, for a wide range of deterministic demand functions, ranges from infinity to a low of roughly three. This suggests that patent antitrust law should err on the side of protecting innovation incentives.
Soepranianondo Koesnoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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PENGGUNAAN PROBIOTIK KOMBINASI lactococcus lactis DAN L actobacillus acidophilus SEBAGAI PENGGANTI ANTIBIOTIKA PADA AYAM PETELUR YANG DIINFEKSI E scherichia coli TERHADAP ANALISIS USAHA
'Unitri Press', 2019Co-Authors: Wardhani, Hana Cipka Pramuda, Lokapirnasari, Widya Paramita, Soepranianondo KoesnotoAbstract:Escherichia coli is a normal flora in the digestive system of laying hens that are non-pathogenic, which can change into pathogens and cause the egg production to decrease. So the combination of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics is expected to be able to overcome E. coli and become a substitute for the antibiotics (Virginiamycin) in animal feed. This study aims to determine business analysis including Break Event Points (BEP), Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio), Payback Period (PP) and Return On Investment (ROI). The best results obtained for the calculation of Break Event Point (BEP) on a0b2 treatment with a BEP of Rp. 17,587,24 with BEP production on a1b2 of 14,36 kg, Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio) generates a value of 1,543 for treatment a0b2, Payback Period (PP) generates a value of 1 year 3 months 9 days and Return On Investment (ROI) generates a value of 3. It was concluded that the a0b2 treatment had good results to be developed
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PENGGUNAAN PROBIOTIK KOMBINASI Lactococcus lactis DAN Lactobacillus acidophilus SEBAGAI PENGGANTI ANTIBIOTIKA PADA AYAM PETELUR YANG DIINFEKSI Escherichia coli TERHADAP ANALISIS USAHA
'Universitas Galuh Ciamis', 2019Co-Authors: Wardhani, Hana Cipka Pramuda, Lokapirnasari, Widya Paramita, Soepranianondo KoesnotoAbstract:Escherichia coli is a normal flora in the digestive system of laying hens that are non-pathogenic, which can change into pathogens and cause the egg production to decrease. So the combination of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics is expected to be able to overcome E. coli and become a substitute for the antibiotics (Virginiamycin) in animal feed. This study aims to determine business analysis including Break Event Points (BEP), Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio), Payback Period (PP) and Return On Investment (ROI). The best results obtained for the calculation of Break Event Point (BEP) on a0b2 treatment with a BEP of Rp. 17,587,24 with BEP production on a1b2 of 14,36 kg, Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio) generates a value of 1,543 for treatment a0b2, Payback Period (PP) generates a value of 1 year 3 months 9 days and Return On Investment (ROI) generates a value of 3. It was concluded that the a0b2 treatment had good results to be developed
Wardhani, Hana Cipka Pramuda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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PENGGUNAAN PROBIOTIK KOMBINASI lactococcus lactis DAN L actobacillus acidophilus SEBAGAI PENGGANTI ANTIBIOTIKA PADA AYAM PETELUR YANG DIINFEKSI E scherichia coli TERHADAP ANALISIS USAHA
'Unitri Press', 2019Co-Authors: Wardhani, Hana Cipka Pramuda, Lokapirnasari, Widya Paramita, Soepranianondo KoesnotoAbstract:Escherichia coli is a normal flora in the digestive system of laying hens that are non-pathogenic, which can change into pathogens and cause the egg production to decrease. So the combination of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics is expected to be able to overcome E. coli and become a substitute for the antibiotics (Virginiamycin) in animal feed. This study aims to determine business analysis including Break Event Points (BEP), Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio), Payback Period (PP) and Return On Investment (ROI). The best results obtained for the calculation of Break Event Point (BEP) on a0b2 treatment with a BEP of Rp. 17,587,24 with BEP production on a1b2 of 14,36 kg, Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio) generates a value of 1,543 for treatment a0b2, Payback Period (PP) generates a value of 1 year 3 months 9 days and Return On Investment (ROI) generates a value of 3. It was concluded that the a0b2 treatment had good results to be developed
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PENGGUNAAN PROBIOTIK KOMBINASI Lactococcus lactis DAN Lactobacillus acidophilus SEBAGAI PENGGANTI ANTIBIOTIKA PADA AYAM PETELUR YANG DIINFEKSI Escherichia coli TERHADAP ANALISIS USAHA
'Universitas Galuh Ciamis', 2019Co-Authors: Wardhani, Hana Cipka Pramuda, Lokapirnasari, Widya Paramita, Soepranianondo KoesnotoAbstract:Escherichia coli is a normal flora in the digestive system of laying hens that are non-pathogenic, which can change into pathogens and cause the egg production to decrease. So the combination of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics is expected to be able to overcome E. coli and become a substitute for the antibiotics (Virginiamycin) in animal feed. This study aims to determine business analysis including Break Event Points (BEP), Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio), Payback Period (PP) and Return On Investment (ROI). The best results obtained for the calculation of Break Event Point (BEP) on a0b2 treatment with a BEP of Rp. 17,587,24 with BEP production on a1b2 of 14,36 kg, Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio) generates a value of 1,543 for treatment a0b2, Payback Period (PP) generates a value of 1 year 3 months 9 days and Return On Investment (ROI) generates a value of 3. It was concluded that the a0b2 treatment had good results to be developed
Lokapirnasari, Widya Paramita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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PENGGUNAAN PROBIOTIK KOMBINASI lactococcus lactis DAN L actobacillus acidophilus SEBAGAI PENGGANTI ANTIBIOTIKA PADA AYAM PETELUR YANG DIINFEKSI E scherichia coli TERHADAP ANALISIS USAHA
'Unitri Press', 2019Co-Authors: Wardhani, Hana Cipka Pramuda, Lokapirnasari, Widya Paramita, Soepranianondo KoesnotoAbstract:Escherichia coli is a normal flora in the digestive system of laying hens that are non-pathogenic, which can change into pathogens and cause the egg production to decrease. So the combination of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics is expected to be able to overcome E. coli and become a substitute for the antibiotics (Virginiamycin) in animal feed. This study aims to determine business analysis including Break Event Points (BEP), Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio), Payback Period (PP) and Return On Investment (ROI). The best results obtained for the calculation of Break Event Point (BEP) on a0b2 treatment with a BEP of Rp. 17,587,24 with BEP production on a1b2 of 14,36 kg, Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio) generates a value of 1,543 for treatment a0b2, Payback Period (PP) generates a value of 1 year 3 months 9 days and Return On Investment (ROI) generates a value of 3. It was concluded that the a0b2 treatment had good results to be developed
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PENGGUNAAN PROBIOTIK KOMBINASI Lactococcus lactis DAN Lactobacillus acidophilus SEBAGAI PENGGANTI ANTIBIOTIKA PADA AYAM PETELUR YANG DIINFEKSI Escherichia coli TERHADAP ANALISIS USAHA
'Universitas Galuh Ciamis', 2019Co-Authors: Wardhani, Hana Cipka Pramuda, Lokapirnasari, Widya Paramita, Soepranianondo KoesnotoAbstract:Escherichia coli is a normal flora in the digestive system of laying hens that are non-pathogenic, which can change into pathogens and cause the egg production to decrease. So the combination of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics is expected to be able to overcome E. coli and become a substitute for the antibiotics (Virginiamycin) in animal feed. This study aims to determine business analysis including Break Event Points (BEP), Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio), Payback Period (PP) and Return On Investment (ROI). The best results obtained for the calculation of Break Event Point (BEP) on a0b2 treatment with a BEP of Rp. 17,587,24 with BEP production on a1b2 of 14,36 kg, Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio) generates a value of 1,543 for treatment a0b2, Payback Period (PP) generates a value of 1 year 3 months 9 days and Return On Investment (ROI) generates a value of 3. It was concluded that the a0b2 treatment had good results to be developed
Devi Dayal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Not Available
Not Available, 2015Co-Authors: Devi Dayal, S L Meena, Shamsudheen Mangalassery, Bhagirath RamAbstract:Not AvailableA field study was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2008 to 2010 at Bhuj, Gujarat, to assess the possibilities of utilizing the inter-row spaces of fruit orchards of aonla (Embelica officinalis), ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) for growing legumes such as clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.], cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and mothbean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal] to serve as an additional source of income. The soil was sandy loam with low organic carbon. Among the 3 legumes evaluated, clusterbean performed well with orchards and gave 304, 399 and 315 kg/ha yields under aonla, ber and pomegranate respectively. Highest benefit: Cost Ratio of 1.83 was obtained with ber + clusterbean system followed by ber + mothbean (1.65). The experiment on nutrient management for the fruit–legume alley cropping system showed that application of 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and zinc sulphate @ 20 kg/ha with biofertilisers resulted in the highest net returns (13,273/ha) and benefit: Cost Ratio (2.15) in cowpea. Clusterbean as an intercrop with ber gave the highest net returns with RDF which was at par with application of 50% RDF with biofertilizer and zinc sulphate @ 20 kg/ha. The study revealed that the inter-row space in fruit crops may effectively be utilized for getting additional income for better livelihood of small and marginal farmers in hot arid region of Gujarat.Not Availabl
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productivity of clusterbean cyamopsis tetragonoloba and sesame sesamum indicum intercropping system under different row Ratio and nutrient management in arid region
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2009Co-Authors: S L Meena, M Shamsudheen, Devi DayalAbstract:A study was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2005 to 2007 at Bhuj to find out possibility of increasing production of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) through spatial arrangement and nutrient management. The soil was gravelly-sandy loam with shallow depth (21 cm) and pH 8.7. The clusterbean equivalent yield (919 kg/ha), net returns (Rs 7 440/ha), benefit: Cost Ratio (1.80) and sustainable yield index (0.74) were higher with clusterbean + sesame (2:1) intercropping system over the sole crop of clusterbean (710 kg/ha, Rs 5 945/ha, 1.68 and 0.71 respectively). Irrespective of cropping systems, application of 20 kg N/ha + 5 tonnes farmyard manure/ha recorded significantly higher clusterbean-equivalent yield (1 036 kg/ha), net return (Rs 1 1171/ha), benefit: Cost Ratio (2.14) and sustainable yield index (0.80) over 40 kg N/ha alone and absolute control. The row Ratio of 2:1 in clusterbean + sesame intercropping fertilized with 20 kg N + 5 tonnes farmyard manure/ha may be recommended to get more economic benefit and sustained yield in arid region.
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Impact of row Ratio and nutrient management on performance of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) plus sesame (Sesamum indicum) intercropping system
Indian Society of Agronomy, 2009Co-Authors: S L Meena, Shamsudheen Mangalassery, Devi DayalAbstract:Not AvailableA study was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2005 to 2007 at Bhuj to find out the possibility of increasing production of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) through spatial arrangement and nutrient management. The soil was gravelly-sandy loam with shallow depth (21 cm) and pH 8.7. The clusterbean equivalent yield (919 kg/ha), net returns (Rs 7 440/ha), benefit: Cost Ratio (1.80) and sustainable yield index (0.74) were higher with clusterbean + sesame (2:1) intercropping system over the sole crop of clusterbean (710 kg/ha, Rs 5 945/ha, 1.68 and 0.71 respectively). Irrespective of cropping systems, application of 20 kg N/ha + 5 tonnes farmyard manure/ha recorded significantly higher clusterbean-equivalent yield (1 036 kg/ha), net return (Rs 1 1171/ha), benefit: Cost Ratio (2.14) and sustainable yield index (0.80) over 40 kg N/ha alone and absolute control. The row Ratio of 2:1 in clusterbean + sesame intercropping fertilized with 20 kg N + 5 tonnes farmyard manure/ha may be recommended to get more economic benefit and sustained yield in arid region.Not Availabl
