The Experts below are selected from a list of 18501 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
R Zachariah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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voluntary counselling hiv testing and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole reduces mortality in tuberculosis patients in thyolo malawi
AIDS, 2003Co-Authors: R Zachariah, Mariepaule L Spielmann, Christina Chinji, P Gomani, V Arendt, N J Hargreaves, F M Salaniponi, A D HarriesAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of voluntary counselling, HIV testing and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole in reducing mortality in a cohort of tuberculosis (TB) patients registered under routine programme conditions in a rural district of Malawi. DESIGN: 'Before' and 'after' cohort study using historical controls. METHODS: Between 1 July 1999 and 30 June 2000 all TB patients were started on standardized anti-TB treatment, and offered voluntary counselling and HIV testing (VCT). Those found to be HIV-positive were offered Cotrimoxazole at a dose of 480 mg twice daily, provided there were no contraindications. Side-effects were monitored clinically. End-of-treatment outcomes in this cohort (intervention group) were compared with a cohort registered between 1 July 1998 and 30 June 1999 in whom VCT and Cotrimoxazole was not offered (control group). FINDINGS: A total of 1986 patients was registered in the study: 1061 in the intervention group and 925 in the control cohort. In the intervention group, 1019 (96%) patients were counselled pre-test, 964 (91%) underwent HIV testing and 938 (88%) were counselled post-test. The overall HIV-seroprevalence rate was 77%. A total of 693 patients were given Cotrimoxazole of whom 14 (2%) manifested minor dermatological reactions. The adjusted relative risk of death in the intervention group compared with the control group was 0.81 (P < 0.001). The number needed to treat with VCT and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole to prevent one death during anti-TB treatment was 12.5. INTERPRETATION: This study shows that VCT and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole is feasible, safe and reduces mortality rates in TB patients under routine programme conditions.
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Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in hiv infected individuals after completing anti tuberculosis treatment in thyolo malawi
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2002Co-Authors: R Zachariah, P Gomani, A D Harries, M P Spielmann, E BakaliAbstract:SETTING: Thyolo, rural southern Malawi. OBJECTIVES: To determine 1) the proportion who continue with Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for the prevention of opportunistic infections, and 2) the reasons for continuing or stopping prophylaxis, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals with tuberculosis (TB) who complete anti-tuberculosis treatment. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: A questionnaire study of all HIV-infected TB patients who had been registered over a 3-month period to receive anti-tuberculosis treatment and Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and who had completed antituberculosis treatment 3-6 months earlier. RESULTS: Of 82 HIV-infected individuals who were alive at the time of interview, 76 (93%) were continuing with Cotrimoxazole and wished to do so indefinitely. The most common reason for continuing the drug was to prevent illness associated with HIV, while the most common reason for stopping was long distances to the health facility. Ninety-six percent of patients received Cotrimoxazole free of charge from a health centre. Of those who wished to continue indefinitely, the majority (63%) could not afford to pay for the drug. CONCLUSIONS: In a rural setting, the great majority of HIV-infected individuals continued with Cotrimoxazole after completing anti-tuberculosis treatment. Making the drug available and providing it free of charge is essential if it is to remain accessible for longer term prevention.
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compliance with Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for the prevention of opportunistic infections in hiv positive tuberculosis patients in thyolo district malawi
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2001Co-Authors: R Zachariah, P Gomani, A D Harries, M P Spielmann, R Wennig, S Schneider, E Panarotto, F M SalaniponiAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To verify compliance with Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected tuberculosis (TB) patients during the continuation phase of anti-tuberculosis treatment, and to assess the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of verbal verification and pill counts as methods of checking compliance. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Cotrimoxazole compliance was assessed in a cohort of TB patients who were attending four TB follow-up centres during the continuation phase of anti-TB treatment between months 4 and 6. Verbal verification of drug intake, physical verification of pill count balance, and urine trimethoprim detection by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used for assessing compliance. RESULTS: Using urine trimethoprim detection as the gold standard for compliance, trimethoprim was detected in 82 (94%) of 87 patients in the cohort. Verbal verification of Cotrimoxazole intake and objective pill count balances showed high sensitivity and positive predictive values compared with the gold standard of urine trimethoprim detection. CONCLUSIONS: In a rural district in Malawi, compliance with Cotrimoxazole as an adjunct to anti-tuberculosis treatment in HIV-infected TB patients was good, and can be assessed simply and practically by verbal verification and pill counts.
A D Harries - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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voluntary counselling hiv testing and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole reduces mortality in tuberculosis patients in thyolo malawi
AIDS, 2003Co-Authors: R Zachariah, Mariepaule L Spielmann, Christina Chinji, P Gomani, V Arendt, N J Hargreaves, F M Salaniponi, A D HarriesAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of voluntary counselling, HIV testing and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole in reducing mortality in a cohort of tuberculosis (TB) patients registered under routine programme conditions in a rural district of Malawi. DESIGN: 'Before' and 'after' cohort study using historical controls. METHODS: Between 1 July 1999 and 30 June 2000 all TB patients were started on standardized anti-TB treatment, and offered voluntary counselling and HIV testing (VCT). Those found to be HIV-positive were offered Cotrimoxazole at a dose of 480 mg twice daily, provided there were no contraindications. Side-effects were monitored clinically. End-of-treatment outcomes in this cohort (intervention group) were compared with a cohort registered between 1 July 1998 and 30 June 1999 in whom VCT and Cotrimoxazole was not offered (control group). FINDINGS: A total of 1986 patients was registered in the study: 1061 in the intervention group and 925 in the control cohort. In the intervention group, 1019 (96%) patients were counselled pre-test, 964 (91%) underwent HIV testing and 938 (88%) were counselled post-test. The overall HIV-seroprevalence rate was 77%. A total of 693 patients were given Cotrimoxazole of whom 14 (2%) manifested minor dermatological reactions. The adjusted relative risk of death in the intervention group compared with the control group was 0.81 (P < 0.001). The number needed to treat with VCT and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole to prevent one death during anti-TB treatment was 12.5. INTERPRETATION: This study shows that VCT and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole is feasible, safe and reduces mortality rates in TB patients under routine programme conditions.
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Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in hiv infected individuals after completing anti tuberculosis treatment in thyolo malawi
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2002Co-Authors: R Zachariah, P Gomani, A D Harries, M P Spielmann, E BakaliAbstract:SETTING: Thyolo, rural southern Malawi. OBJECTIVES: To determine 1) the proportion who continue with Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for the prevention of opportunistic infections, and 2) the reasons for continuing or stopping prophylaxis, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals with tuberculosis (TB) who complete anti-tuberculosis treatment. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: A questionnaire study of all HIV-infected TB patients who had been registered over a 3-month period to receive anti-tuberculosis treatment and Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and who had completed antituberculosis treatment 3-6 months earlier. RESULTS: Of 82 HIV-infected individuals who were alive at the time of interview, 76 (93%) were continuing with Cotrimoxazole and wished to do so indefinitely. The most common reason for continuing the drug was to prevent illness associated with HIV, while the most common reason for stopping was long distances to the health facility. Ninety-six percent of patients received Cotrimoxazole free of charge from a health centre. Of those who wished to continue indefinitely, the majority (63%) could not afford to pay for the drug. CONCLUSIONS: In a rural setting, the great majority of HIV-infected individuals continued with Cotrimoxazole after completing anti-tuberculosis treatment. Making the drug available and providing it free of charge is essential if it is to remain accessible for longer term prevention.
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compliance with Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for the prevention of opportunistic infections in hiv positive tuberculosis patients in thyolo district malawi
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2001Co-Authors: R Zachariah, P Gomani, A D Harries, M P Spielmann, R Wennig, S Schneider, E Panarotto, F M SalaniponiAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To verify compliance with Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected tuberculosis (TB) patients during the continuation phase of anti-tuberculosis treatment, and to assess the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of verbal verification and pill counts as methods of checking compliance. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Cotrimoxazole compliance was assessed in a cohort of TB patients who were attending four TB follow-up centres during the continuation phase of anti-TB treatment between months 4 and 6. Verbal verification of drug intake, physical verification of pill count balance, and urine trimethoprim detection by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used for assessing compliance. RESULTS: Using urine trimethoprim detection as the gold standard for compliance, trimethoprim was detected in 82 (94%) of 87 patients in the cohort. Verbal verification of Cotrimoxazole intake and objective pill count balances showed high sensitivity and positive predictive values compared with the gold standard of urine trimethoprim detection. CONCLUSIONS: In a rural district in Malawi, compliance with Cotrimoxazole as an adjunct to anti-tuberculosis treatment in HIV-infected TB patients was good, and can be assessed simply and practically by verbal verification and pill counts.
P Gomani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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voluntary counselling hiv testing and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole reduces mortality in tuberculosis patients in thyolo malawi
AIDS, 2003Co-Authors: R Zachariah, Mariepaule L Spielmann, Christina Chinji, P Gomani, V Arendt, N J Hargreaves, F M Salaniponi, A D HarriesAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of voluntary counselling, HIV testing and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole in reducing mortality in a cohort of tuberculosis (TB) patients registered under routine programme conditions in a rural district of Malawi. DESIGN: 'Before' and 'after' cohort study using historical controls. METHODS: Between 1 July 1999 and 30 June 2000 all TB patients were started on standardized anti-TB treatment, and offered voluntary counselling and HIV testing (VCT). Those found to be HIV-positive were offered Cotrimoxazole at a dose of 480 mg twice daily, provided there were no contraindications. Side-effects were monitored clinically. End-of-treatment outcomes in this cohort (intervention group) were compared with a cohort registered between 1 July 1998 and 30 June 1999 in whom VCT and Cotrimoxazole was not offered (control group). FINDINGS: A total of 1986 patients was registered in the study: 1061 in the intervention group and 925 in the control cohort. In the intervention group, 1019 (96%) patients were counselled pre-test, 964 (91%) underwent HIV testing and 938 (88%) were counselled post-test. The overall HIV-seroprevalence rate was 77%. A total of 693 patients were given Cotrimoxazole of whom 14 (2%) manifested minor dermatological reactions. The adjusted relative risk of death in the intervention group compared with the control group was 0.81 (P < 0.001). The number needed to treat with VCT and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole to prevent one death during anti-TB treatment was 12.5. INTERPRETATION: This study shows that VCT and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole is feasible, safe and reduces mortality rates in TB patients under routine programme conditions.
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Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in hiv infected individuals after completing anti tuberculosis treatment in thyolo malawi
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2002Co-Authors: R Zachariah, P Gomani, A D Harries, M P Spielmann, E BakaliAbstract:SETTING: Thyolo, rural southern Malawi. OBJECTIVES: To determine 1) the proportion who continue with Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for the prevention of opportunistic infections, and 2) the reasons for continuing or stopping prophylaxis, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals with tuberculosis (TB) who complete anti-tuberculosis treatment. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: A questionnaire study of all HIV-infected TB patients who had been registered over a 3-month period to receive anti-tuberculosis treatment and Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and who had completed antituberculosis treatment 3-6 months earlier. RESULTS: Of 82 HIV-infected individuals who were alive at the time of interview, 76 (93%) were continuing with Cotrimoxazole and wished to do so indefinitely. The most common reason for continuing the drug was to prevent illness associated with HIV, while the most common reason for stopping was long distances to the health facility. Ninety-six percent of patients received Cotrimoxazole free of charge from a health centre. Of those who wished to continue indefinitely, the majority (63%) could not afford to pay for the drug. CONCLUSIONS: In a rural setting, the great majority of HIV-infected individuals continued with Cotrimoxazole after completing anti-tuberculosis treatment. Making the drug available and providing it free of charge is essential if it is to remain accessible for longer term prevention.
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compliance with Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for the prevention of opportunistic infections in hiv positive tuberculosis patients in thyolo district malawi
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2001Co-Authors: R Zachariah, P Gomani, A D Harries, M P Spielmann, R Wennig, S Schneider, E Panarotto, F M SalaniponiAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To verify compliance with Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected tuberculosis (TB) patients during the continuation phase of anti-tuberculosis treatment, and to assess the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of verbal verification and pill counts as methods of checking compliance. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Cotrimoxazole compliance was assessed in a cohort of TB patients who were attending four TB follow-up centres during the continuation phase of anti-TB treatment between months 4 and 6. Verbal verification of drug intake, physical verification of pill count balance, and urine trimethoprim detection by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used for assessing compliance. RESULTS: Using urine trimethoprim detection as the gold standard for compliance, trimethoprim was detected in 82 (94%) of 87 patients in the cohort. Verbal verification of Cotrimoxazole intake and objective pill count balances showed high sensitivity and positive predictive values compared with the gold standard of urine trimethoprim detection. CONCLUSIONS: In a rural district in Malawi, compliance with Cotrimoxazole as an adjunct to anti-tuberculosis treatment in HIV-infected TB patients was good, and can be assessed simply and practically by verbal verification and pill counts.
F M Salaniponi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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voluntary counselling hiv testing and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole reduces mortality in tuberculosis patients in thyolo malawi
AIDS, 2003Co-Authors: R Zachariah, Mariepaule L Spielmann, Christina Chinji, P Gomani, V Arendt, N J Hargreaves, F M Salaniponi, A D HarriesAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of voluntary counselling, HIV testing and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole in reducing mortality in a cohort of tuberculosis (TB) patients registered under routine programme conditions in a rural district of Malawi. DESIGN: 'Before' and 'after' cohort study using historical controls. METHODS: Between 1 July 1999 and 30 June 2000 all TB patients were started on standardized anti-TB treatment, and offered voluntary counselling and HIV testing (VCT). Those found to be HIV-positive were offered Cotrimoxazole at a dose of 480 mg twice daily, provided there were no contraindications. Side-effects were monitored clinically. End-of-treatment outcomes in this cohort (intervention group) were compared with a cohort registered between 1 July 1998 and 30 June 1999 in whom VCT and Cotrimoxazole was not offered (control group). FINDINGS: A total of 1986 patients was registered in the study: 1061 in the intervention group and 925 in the control cohort. In the intervention group, 1019 (96%) patients were counselled pre-test, 964 (91%) underwent HIV testing and 938 (88%) were counselled post-test. The overall HIV-seroprevalence rate was 77%. A total of 693 patients were given Cotrimoxazole of whom 14 (2%) manifested minor dermatological reactions. The adjusted relative risk of death in the intervention group compared with the control group was 0.81 (P < 0.001). The number needed to treat with VCT and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole to prevent one death during anti-TB treatment was 12.5. INTERPRETATION: This study shows that VCT and adjunctive Cotrimoxazole is feasible, safe and reduces mortality rates in TB patients under routine programme conditions.
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compliance with Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for the prevention of opportunistic infections in hiv positive tuberculosis patients in thyolo district malawi
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2001Co-Authors: R Zachariah, P Gomani, A D Harries, M P Spielmann, R Wennig, S Schneider, E Panarotto, F M SalaniponiAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To verify compliance with Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected tuberculosis (TB) patients during the continuation phase of anti-tuberculosis treatment, and to assess the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of verbal verification and pill counts as methods of checking compliance. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Cotrimoxazole compliance was assessed in a cohort of TB patients who were attending four TB follow-up centres during the continuation phase of anti-TB treatment between months 4 and 6. Verbal verification of drug intake, physical verification of pill count balance, and urine trimethoprim detection by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used for assessing compliance. RESULTS: Using urine trimethoprim detection as the gold standard for compliance, trimethoprim was detected in 82 (94%) of 87 patients in the cohort. Verbal verification of Cotrimoxazole intake and objective pill count balances showed high sensitivity and positive predictive values compared with the gold standard of urine trimethoprim detection. CONCLUSIONS: In a rural district in Malawi, compliance with Cotrimoxazole as an adjunct to anti-tuberculosis treatment in HIV-infected TB patients was good, and can be assessed simply and practically by verbal verification and pill counts.
O. Ranno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of spiramycin Cotrimoxazole association in the mother to child transmission of toxoplasmosis infection in pregnancy
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2009Co-Authors: Piero Valentini, M. L. Annunziata, D.f. Angelone, Lucia Masini, M. De Santis, Antonia Carla Testa, R. L. Grillo, D. Speziale, O. RannoAbstract:The purpose of this report is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of spiramycin/Cotrimoxazole in the mother-to-child transmission of Toxoplasma gondii infection. We retrospectively analysed 76 infants born to mothers with toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and estimated the risk of mother-to-child transmission considering the gestational age at the time of infection. Seventy-six mothers were given spiramycin, Cotrimoxazole and folinic acid; only two babies (2.6%) were infected by Toxoplasma and none of them showed signs or symptoms of congenital infection or interference of sulphamid on tetrahydrofolate reductase (THFR) either at birth or during follow-up. Treatment did not need to be stopped in any mother because of adverse drug effects. Our results seem to encourage the use of spiramycin/Cotrimoxazole in women with toxoplasmosis during pregnancy.
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Role of spiramycin/Cotrimoxazole association in the mother-to-child transmission of toxoplasmosis infection in pregnancy.
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Piero Valentini, M. L. Annunziata, D.f. Angelone, Lucia Masini, M. De Santis, Antonia Carla Testa, R. L. Grillo, D. Speziale, O. RannoAbstract:The purpose of this report is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of spiramycin/Cotrimoxazole in the mother-to-child transmission of Toxoplasma gondii infection. We retrospectively analysed 76 infants born to mothers with toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and estimated the risk of mother-to-child transmission considering the gestational age at the time of infection. Seventy-six mothers were given spiramycin, Cotrimoxazole and folinic acid; only two babies (2.6%) were infected by Toxoplasma and none of them showed signs or symptoms of congenital infection or interference of sulphamid on tetrahydrofolate reductase (THFR) either at birth or during follow-up. Treatment did not need to be stopped in any mother because of adverse drug effects. Our results seem to encourage the use of spiramycin/Cotrimoxazole in women with toxoplasmosis during pregnancy.
