The Experts below are selected from a list of 70491 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Leroi S Hicks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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health disparities and the Criminal Justice System an agenda for further research and action
Journal of Urban Health-bulletin of The New York Academy of Medicine, 2012Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, Nicole Redmond, John F Steiner, Leroi S HicksAbstract:Although racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to be involved with the Criminal Justice System than whites in the USA, critical scientific gaps exist in our understanding of the relationship between the Criminal Justice System and the persistence of racial/ethnic health disparities. Individuals engaged with the Criminal Justice System are at risk for poor health outcomes. Furthermore, Criminal Justice involvement may have direct or indirect effects on health and health care. Racial/ethnic health disparities may be exacerbated or mitigated at several stages of the Criminal Justice System. Understanding and addressing the health of individuals involved in the Criminal Justice System is one component of a comprehensive strategy to reduce population health disparities and improve the health of our urban communities.
Ric Simmons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantifying Criminal procedure how to unlock the potential of big data in our Criminal Justice System
2016Co-Authors: Ric SimmonsAbstract:Big data’s predictive algorithms have the potential to revolutionize the Criminal Justice System. They can make far more accurate determinations of reasonable suspicion and probable cause, thus increasing both the efficiency and the fairness of the System, since fewer innocent people will be stopped and searched. However, three significant obstacles remain before the Criminal Justice System can formally use predictive algorithms to help make these determinations. First, we need to ensure that neither the algorithms nor the data that they use are basing their decisions on improper factors, such as the race of the suspect. Second, under Fourth Amendment law, individualized suspicion is an essential element of reasonable suspicion or probable cause. This means that either the predictive algorithms must be designed to take individualized suspicion into account, or the predictive algorithms can only be used as one factor in determining whether the legal standard has been met, forcing police and judges to combine the algorithm’s results with individualized factors. And finally, the legal standards themselves must be quantified so that police and judges can use the numerical predictions of big data in their reasonable suspicion and probable cause determinations. These obstacles are not insurmountable. And if the necessary changes are made, the Criminal Justice System will become far more transparent, since the factors the algorithms take into consideration will necessarily be open for judges and the general public alike. Furthermore, setting a quantified likelihood for reasonable suspicion and probable cause will allow us to engage in a healthy debate about what those numbers ought to be, and it will also ensure conformity across different jurisdictions.
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quantifying Criminal procedure how to unlock the potential of big data in our Criminal Justice System
Michigan state law review, 2016Co-Authors: Ric SimmonsAbstract:Big data’s predictive algorithms have the potential to revolutionize the Criminal Justice System. They can make far more accurate determinations of reasonable suspicion and probable cause, thus increasing both the efficiency and the fairness of the System, since fewer innocent people will be stopped and
Colleen L Barry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improving access to care and reducing involvement in the Criminal Justice System for people with mental illness
Health Affairs, 2016Co-Authors: Alene Kennedyhendricks, Haiden A Huskamp, Lainie Rutkow, Colleen L BarryAbstract:People with mental illness make up a disproportionate share of the Criminal Justice-involved population. The passage of critical new reforms affecting health care for vulnerable populations under the Affordable Care Act and the Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 presents unique opportunities to transform Systems of care and avert Criminal Justice involvement. In addition, state and local jurisdictions have implemented a number of strategies to divert people with mental illness from the Criminal Justice System and reduce recidivism. In this article we summarize current knowledge about the involvement of people with mental illness in the Criminal Justice System and consider the recent opportunities presented by national and local policies that aim to lower the proportion of such people who are incarcerated.
Chris Cunneen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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racism discrimination and the over representation of indigenous people in the Criminal Justice System some conceptual and explanatory issues
Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 2006Co-Authors: Chris CunneenAbstract:The paper presented by Weatherburn, Fitzgerald and Hua and the research commissioned by the Equal Opportunity Commissioner of Victoria mainly criticise scholarly explanations of the over-representation of Indigenous people in the Criminal Justice System. The study of racism in the Criminal Justice System is important for human rights irrespective of whether it has any connection to explaining the over-representation of Indigenous people.
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racism discrimination and the over representation of indigenous people in the Criminal Justice System some conceptual and explanatory issues
2006Co-Authors: Chris CunneenAbstract:This article provides an analysis of various explanations of the over-represenation of Indigenous people in the Criminal Justice System. Some authors have argued that the primary cause of over-representation is widespread Criminality among Indigenous peoples, rather than what is sometimes termed 'Systemic bias' in the Criminal Justice System. The present article interrogates the conceptual issues around Systemic bias, racial discrimination and institutional racism, followed by a critique of various arguments concerning Indigenous over-representation. The author argues for a more nuanced appreciation of over-representation and the centrality of such issues as policing, racial discrimination and the long term affects of colonisation in explaining the over-representation of Indigenous people in Criminal Justice Systems.
Raymond Arthur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of lawyers in supporting young people in the Criminal Justice System balancing economic survival and children s rights
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: Bethany Acourt, Raymond ArthurAbstract:Legal aid reductions have caused a crisis in the Criminal Justice System impacting the quality of representation and advice provided by lawyers. This paper is particularly concerned with the impact of these cuts on young people in the Criminal Justice System. The paper will examine how changes to the way in which defence lawyers are funded is having a damaging impact upon the experience of young people involved in the Criminal Justice System. The inherent and situational vulnerability of young people, coupled with the complexity of laws and procedures surrounding youth Justice make it particularly concerning that the System is financially incentivising the provision of inadequate representation in the youth Justice System. These issues will be considered in light of the standards set by the Council of Europe Guidelines on Child-Friendly Justice.
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the role of lawyers in supporting young people in the Criminal Justice System balancing economic survival and children s rights
Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 2020Co-Authors: Bethany Acourt, Raymond ArthurAbstract:Legal aid reductions have caused a crisis in the Criminal Justice System impacting the quality of representation and advice provided by lawyers. This paper is particularly concerned with the impact...