The Experts below are selected from a list of 62658 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Agnieszka Kita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The effect of frying on fat uptake and texture of fried potato products
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Agnieszka KitaAbstract:Fat uptake and the characteristic Crispy and crunchy texture are the main quality parameters of fried potato products such as the most popular French fries and potato Crisps. They are formed during the frying process and depend on different factors, among which frying oil properties and frying conditions were taken under investigation. Quality of frying oils as well as fatty acid composition and degree of degradation affect fat uptake and texture of fried potato products. Technological parameters such as frying temperature and frying conditions were also considered. Practical applications: Factors affecting fat uptake and texture of fried potato products such as French fries and potato Crisps are discussed. The kind and quality of frying medium as well as frying parameters (temperature, using vacuum) influence fat uptake and texture of fried products. Texture of fried potato products is correlated with fat content and composition of frying medium. Higher frying temperature decreases hardness of French fries and potato Crisps, which exhibit more Crispy and delicate texture in comparison with products fried at lower temperatures.
-
Acrylamide in potato Crisp : the effect of raw material and processing
Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2006Co-Authors: Trude Wicklund, Olga Lothe, Erland Bråthen, Hilde Marit Østlie, Svein Halvor Knutsen, Agnieszka KitaAbstract:Abstract Reducing sugars and free amino acids were analysed in slices from three potato cultivars before and after blanching (0–3 min). The potato Crisps were deep fried at 185 °C for different times (3–8.5 min), and analysed for the concentration of acrylamide (AA) and moisture. Potato cultivar and the temperature during processing were important parameters for AA formation in potato Crisps. The amount increased with an increase in the processing time. Blanching before deep-frying reduced the concentration of free asparagine and reducing sugar in the raw material. We found no effect of blanching as pretreatment on the concentration of AA in the potato Crisps. Any relationship was not detected between the levels of asparagine in the different cultivars, before and after blanching, and the formation of AA in the Crisp products. However, it was shown that the content of reducing sugars determined the level of AA after frying.
-
Acrylamide in potato Crisp—the effect of raw material and processing
LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2006Co-Authors: Trude Wicklund, Olga Lothe, Erland Bråthen, Hilde Marit Østlie, Svein Halvor Knutsen, Agnieszka KitaAbstract:Abstract Reducing sugars and free amino acids were analysed in slices from three potato cultivars before and after blanching (0–3 min). The potato Crisps were deep fried at 185 °C for different times (3–8.5 min), and analysed for the concentration of acrylamide (AA) and moisture. Potato cultivar and the temperature during processing were important parameters for AA formation in potato Crisps. The amount increased with an increase in the processing time. Blanching before deep-frying reduced the concentration of free asparagine and reducing sugar in the raw material. We found no effect of blanching as pretreatment on the concentration of AA in the potato Crisps. Any relationship was not detected between the levels of asparagine in the different cultivars, before and after blanching, and the formation of AA in the Crisp products. However, it was shown that the content of reducing sugars determined the level of AA after frying.
-
the influence of potato chemical composition on Crisp texture
Food Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Agnieszka KitaAbstract:Abstract The aim of this work was determination of the relationship between the texture of potato Crisps and starch, nitrogen compounds, non-starch polysaccharides and lignin content. Analyses of five different potato varieties—“Aster”, “Karlena”, “Ania”, “Saturna”, “Panda” harvested in 1996 and 1997, were conducted on potato tubers, before and after peeling, and the Crisps produced. Crisps were characterised by proper colour, odour, flavour and texture. The most advantageous, as far as the texture was concerned, were the “Saturna” and “Panda” varieties, while the least successful were “Ania”. The texture of Crisps depended on the content of starch in potato tubers and nitrogen substances and non-starch polysaccharides. Among non-starch polysaccharides, protopectins had the most important influence on Crisp texture.
Agostinho Antunes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
evolution of Crisps associated with toxicoferan reptilian venom and mammalian reproduction
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Kartik Sunagar, Vitor Vasconcelos, Warren E Johnson, Stephen J Obrien, Agostinho AntunesAbstract:Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (Crisps) are glycoproteins found exclusively in vertebrates and have broad diversified functions. They are hypothesized to play important roles in mammalian reproduction and in reptilian venom, where they disrupt homeostasis of the prey through several mechanisms, including among others, blockage of cyclic nucleotide-gated and voltage-gated ion channels and inhibition of smooth muscle contraction. We evaluated the molecular evolution of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles at both nucleotide and protein levels relative to their nonvenomous mammalian homologs. We show that the evolution of Crisp gene in these reptiles is significantly influenced by positive selection and in snakes (x 5 3.84) more than in lizards (x 5 2.33), whereas mammalian Crisps were under strong negative selection (Crisp1 5 0.55, Crisp2 5 0.40, and Crisp3 5 0.68). The use of ancestral sequence reconstruction, mapping of mutations on the threedimensional structure, and detailed evaluation of selection pressures suggests that the toxicoferan Crisps underwent accelerated evolution aided by strong positive selection and directional mutagenesis, whereas their mammalian homologs are constrained by negative selection. Gene and protein-level selection analyses identified 41 positively selected sites in snakes and 14 sites in lizards. Most of these sites are located on the molecular surface (nearly 76% in snakes and 79% in lizards), whereas the backbone of the protein retains a highly conserved structural scaffold. Nearly 46% of the positively selected sites occur in the cysteine-rich domain of the protein. This directional mutagenesis, where the hotspots of mutations are found on the molecular surface and functional domains of the protein, acts as a diversifying mechanism for the exquisite biological targeting of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles. Finally, our analyses suggest that the evolution of toxicoferan-Crisp venoms might have been influenced by the specific predatory mechanism employed by the organism. Crisps in Elapidae, which mostly employ neurotoxins, have experienced less positive selection pressure (x 5 2.86) compared with the ‘‘nonvenomous’’ colubrids (x 5 4.10) that rely on grip and constriction to capture the prey, and the Viperidae, a lineage that mostly employs haemotoxins (x 5 4.19). Relatively lower omega estimates in Anguimorph lizards (x 5 2.33) than snakes (x 5 3.84) suggests that lizards probably depend more on pace and powerful jaws for predation than venom.
-
evolution of Crisps associated with toxicoferan reptilian venom and mammalian reproduction
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Kartik Sunagar, Vitor Vasconcelos, Warren E Johnson, Stephen J Obrien, Agostinho AntunesAbstract:Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (Crisps) are glycoproteins found exclusively in vertebrates and have broad diversified functions. They are hypothesized to play important roles in mammalian reproduction and in reptilian venom, where they disrupt homeostasis of the prey through several mechanisms, including among others, blockage of cyclic nucleotide-gated and voltage-gated ion channels and inhibition of smooth muscle contraction. We evaluated the molecular evolution of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles at both nucleotide and protein levels relative to their nonvenomous mammalian homologs. We show that the evolution of Crisp gene in these reptiles is significantly influenced by positive selection and in snakes (x 5 3.84) more than in lizards (x 5 2.33), whereas mammalian Crisps were under strong negative selection (Crisp1 5 0.55, Crisp2 5 0.40, and Crisp3 5 0.68). The use of ancestral sequence reconstruction, mapping of mutations on the threedimensional structure, and detailed evaluation of selection pressures suggests that the toxicoferan Crisps underwent accelerated evolution aided by strong positive selection and directional mutagenesis, whereas their mammalian homologs are constrained by negative selection. Gene and protein-level selection analyses identified 41 positively selected sites in snakes and 14 sites in lizards. Most of these sites are located on the molecular surface (nearly 76% in snakes and 79% in lizards), whereas the backbone of the protein retains a highly conserved structural scaffold. Nearly 46% of the positively selected sites occur in the cysteine-rich domain of the protein. This directional mutagenesis, where the hotspots of mutations are found on the molecular surface and functional domains of the protein, acts as a diversifying mechanism for the exquisite biological targeting of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles. Finally, our analyses suggest that the evolution of toxicoferan-Crisp venoms might have been influenced by the specific predatory mechanism employed by the organism. Crisps in Elapidae, which mostly employ neurotoxins, have experienced less positive selection pressure (x 5 2.86) compared with the ‘‘nonvenomous’’ colubrids (x 5 4.10) that rely on grip and constriction to capture the prey, and the Viperidae, a lineage that mostly employs haemotoxins (x 5 4.19). Relatively lower omega estimates in Anguimorph lizards (x 5 2.33) than snakes (x 5 3.84) suggests that lizards probably depend more on pace and powerful jaws for predation than venom.
Kartik Sunagar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
evolution of Crisps associated with toxicoferan reptilian venom and mammalian reproduction
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Kartik Sunagar, Vitor Vasconcelos, Warren E Johnson, Stephen J Obrien, Agostinho AntunesAbstract:Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (Crisps) are glycoproteins found exclusively in vertebrates and have broad diversified functions. They are hypothesized to play important roles in mammalian reproduction and in reptilian venom, where they disrupt homeostasis of the prey through several mechanisms, including among others, blockage of cyclic nucleotide-gated and voltage-gated ion channels and inhibition of smooth muscle contraction. We evaluated the molecular evolution of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles at both nucleotide and protein levels relative to their nonvenomous mammalian homologs. We show that the evolution of Crisp gene in these reptiles is significantly influenced by positive selection and in snakes (x 5 3.84) more than in lizards (x 5 2.33), whereas mammalian Crisps were under strong negative selection (Crisp1 5 0.55, Crisp2 5 0.40, and Crisp3 5 0.68). The use of ancestral sequence reconstruction, mapping of mutations on the threedimensional structure, and detailed evaluation of selection pressures suggests that the toxicoferan Crisps underwent accelerated evolution aided by strong positive selection and directional mutagenesis, whereas their mammalian homologs are constrained by negative selection. Gene and protein-level selection analyses identified 41 positively selected sites in snakes and 14 sites in lizards. Most of these sites are located on the molecular surface (nearly 76% in snakes and 79% in lizards), whereas the backbone of the protein retains a highly conserved structural scaffold. Nearly 46% of the positively selected sites occur in the cysteine-rich domain of the protein. This directional mutagenesis, where the hotspots of mutations are found on the molecular surface and functional domains of the protein, acts as a diversifying mechanism for the exquisite biological targeting of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles. Finally, our analyses suggest that the evolution of toxicoferan-Crisp venoms might have been influenced by the specific predatory mechanism employed by the organism. Crisps in Elapidae, which mostly employ neurotoxins, have experienced less positive selection pressure (x 5 2.86) compared with the ‘‘nonvenomous’’ colubrids (x 5 4.10) that rely on grip and constriction to capture the prey, and the Viperidae, a lineage that mostly employs haemotoxins (x 5 4.19). Relatively lower omega estimates in Anguimorph lizards (x 5 2.33) than snakes (x 5 3.84) suggests that lizards probably depend more on pace and powerful jaws for predation than venom.
-
evolution of Crisps associated with toxicoferan reptilian venom and mammalian reproduction
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Kartik Sunagar, Vitor Vasconcelos, Warren E Johnson, Stephen J Obrien, Agostinho AntunesAbstract:Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (Crisps) are glycoproteins found exclusively in vertebrates and have broad diversified functions. They are hypothesized to play important roles in mammalian reproduction and in reptilian venom, where they disrupt homeostasis of the prey through several mechanisms, including among others, blockage of cyclic nucleotide-gated and voltage-gated ion channels and inhibition of smooth muscle contraction. We evaluated the molecular evolution of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles at both nucleotide and protein levels relative to their nonvenomous mammalian homologs. We show that the evolution of Crisp gene in these reptiles is significantly influenced by positive selection and in snakes (x 5 3.84) more than in lizards (x 5 2.33), whereas mammalian Crisps were under strong negative selection (Crisp1 5 0.55, Crisp2 5 0.40, and Crisp3 5 0.68). The use of ancestral sequence reconstruction, mapping of mutations on the threedimensional structure, and detailed evaluation of selection pressures suggests that the toxicoferan Crisps underwent accelerated evolution aided by strong positive selection and directional mutagenesis, whereas their mammalian homologs are constrained by negative selection. Gene and protein-level selection analyses identified 41 positively selected sites in snakes and 14 sites in lizards. Most of these sites are located on the molecular surface (nearly 76% in snakes and 79% in lizards), whereas the backbone of the protein retains a highly conserved structural scaffold. Nearly 46% of the positively selected sites occur in the cysteine-rich domain of the protein. This directional mutagenesis, where the hotspots of mutations are found on the molecular surface and functional domains of the protein, acts as a diversifying mechanism for the exquisite biological targeting of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles. Finally, our analyses suggest that the evolution of toxicoferan-Crisp venoms might have been influenced by the specific predatory mechanism employed by the organism. Crisps in Elapidae, which mostly employ neurotoxins, have experienced less positive selection pressure (x 5 2.86) compared with the ‘‘nonvenomous’’ colubrids (x 5 4.10) that rely on grip and constriction to capture the prey, and the Viperidae, a lineage that mostly employs haemotoxins (x 5 4.19). Relatively lower omega estimates in Anguimorph lizards (x 5 2.33) than snakes (x 5 3.84) suggests that lizards probably depend more on pace and powerful jaws for predation than venom.
Warren E Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
evolution of Crisps associated with toxicoferan reptilian venom and mammalian reproduction
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Kartik Sunagar, Vitor Vasconcelos, Warren E Johnson, Stephen J Obrien, Agostinho AntunesAbstract:Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (Crisps) are glycoproteins found exclusively in vertebrates and have broad diversified functions. They are hypothesized to play important roles in mammalian reproduction and in reptilian venom, where they disrupt homeostasis of the prey through several mechanisms, including among others, blockage of cyclic nucleotide-gated and voltage-gated ion channels and inhibition of smooth muscle contraction. We evaluated the molecular evolution of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles at both nucleotide and protein levels relative to their nonvenomous mammalian homologs. We show that the evolution of Crisp gene in these reptiles is significantly influenced by positive selection and in snakes (x 5 3.84) more than in lizards (x 5 2.33), whereas mammalian Crisps were under strong negative selection (Crisp1 5 0.55, Crisp2 5 0.40, and Crisp3 5 0.68). The use of ancestral sequence reconstruction, mapping of mutations on the threedimensional structure, and detailed evaluation of selection pressures suggests that the toxicoferan Crisps underwent accelerated evolution aided by strong positive selection and directional mutagenesis, whereas their mammalian homologs are constrained by negative selection. Gene and protein-level selection analyses identified 41 positively selected sites in snakes and 14 sites in lizards. Most of these sites are located on the molecular surface (nearly 76% in snakes and 79% in lizards), whereas the backbone of the protein retains a highly conserved structural scaffold. Nearly 46% of the positively selected sites occur in the cysteine-rich domain of the protein. This directional mutagenesis, where the hotspots of mutations are found on the molecular surface and functional domains of the protein, acts as a diversifying mechanism for the exquisite biological targeting of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles. Finally, our analyses suggest that the evolution of toxicoferan-Crisp venoms might have been influenced by the specific predatory mechanism employed by the organism. Crisps in Elapidae, which mostly employ neurotoxins, have experienced less positive selection pressure (x 5 2.86) compared with the ‘‘nonvenomous’’ colubrids (x 5 4.10) that rely on grip and constriction to capture the prey, and the Viperidae, a lineage that mostly employs haemotoxins (x 5 4.19). Relatively lower omega estimates in Anguimorph lizards (x 5 2.33) than snakes (x 5 3.84) suggests that lizards probably depend more on pace and powerful jaws for predation than venom.
-
evolution of Crisps associated with toxicoferan reptilian venom and mammalian reproduction
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Kartik Sunagar, Vitor Vasconcelos, Warren E Johnson, Stephen J Obrien, Agostinho AntunesAbstract:Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (Crisps) are glycoproteins found exclusively in vertebrates and have broad diversified functions. They are hypothesized to play important roles in mammalian reproduction and in reptilian venom, where they disrupt homeostasis of the prey through several mechanisms, including among others, blockage of cyclic nucleotide-gated and voltage-gated ion channels and inhibition of smooth muscle contraction. We evaluated the molecular evolution of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles at both nucleotide and protein levels relative to their nonvenomous mammalian homologs. We show that the evolution of Crisp gene in these reptiles is significantly influenced by positive selection and in snakes (x 5 3.84) more than in lizards (x 5 2.33), whereas mammalian Crisps were under strong negative selection (Crisp1 5 0.55, Crisp2 5 0.40, and Crisp3 5 0.68). The use of ancestral sequence reconstruction, mapping of mutations on the threedimensional structure, and detailed evaluation of selection pressures suggests that the toxicoferan Crisps underwent accelerated evolution aided by strong positive selection and directional mutagenesis, whereas their mammalian homologs are constrained by negative selection. Gene and protein-level selection analyses identified 41 positively selected sites in snakes and 14 sites in lizards. Most of these sites are located on the molecular surface (nearly 76% in snakes and 79% in lizards), whereas the backbone of the protein retains a highly conserved structural scaffold. Nearly 46% of the positively selected sites occur in the cysteine-rich domain of the protein. This directional mutagenesis, where the hotspots of mutations are found on the molecular surface and functional domains of the protein, acts as a diversifying mechanism for the exquisite biological targeting of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles. Finally, our analyses suggest that the evolution of toxicoferan-Crisp venoms might have been influenced by the specific predatory mechanism employed by the organism. Crisps in Elapidae, which mostly employ neurotoxins, have experienced less positive selection pressure (x 5 2.86) compared with the ‘‘nonvenomous’’ colubrids (x 5 4.10) that rely on grip and constriction to capture the prey, and the Viperidae, a lineage that mostly employs haemotoxins (x 5 4.19). Relatively lower omega estimates in Anguimorph lizards (x 5 2.33) than snakes (x 5 3.84) suggests that lizards probably depend more on pace and powerful jaws for predation than venom.
Stephen J Obrien - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
evolution of Crisps associated with toxicoferan reptilian venom and mammalian reproduction
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Kartik Sunagar, Vitor Vasconcelos, Warren E Johnson, Stephen J Obrien, Agostinho AntunesAbstract:Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (Crisps) are glycoproteins found exclusively in vertebrates and have broad diversified functions. They are hypothesized to play important roles in mammalian reproduction and in reptilian venom, where they disrupt homeostasis of the prey through several mechanisms, including among others, blockage of cyclic nucleotide-gated and voltage-gated ion channels and inhibition of smooth muscle contraction. We evaluated the molecular evolution of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles at both nucleotide and protein levels relative to their nonvenomous mammalian homologs. We show that the evolution of Crisp gene in these reptiles is significantly influenced by positive selection and in snakes (x 5 3.84) more than in lizards (x 5 2.33), whereas mammalian Crisps were under strong negative selection (Crisp1 5 0.55, Crisp2 5 0.40, and Crisp3 5 0.68). The use of ancestral sequence reconstruction, mapping of mutations on the threedimensional structure, and detailed evaluation of selection pressures suggests that the toxicoferan Crisps underwent accelerated evolution aided by strong positive selection and directional mutagenesis, whereas their mammalian homologs are constrained by negative selection. Gene and protein-level selection analyses identified 41 positively selected sites in snakes and 14 sites in lizards. Most of these sites are located on the molecular surface (nearly 76% in snakes and 79% in lizards), whereas the backbone of the protein retains a highly conserved structural scaffold. Nearly 46% of the positively selected sites occur in the cysteine-rich domain of the protein. This directional mutagenesis, where the hotspots of mutations are found on the molecular surface and functional domains of the protein, acts as a diversifying mechanism for the exquisite biological targeting of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles. Finally, our analyses suggest that the evolution of toxicoferan-Crisp venoms might have been influenced by the specific predatory mechanism employed by the organism. Crisps in Elapidae, which mostly employ neurotoxins, have experienced less positive selection pressure (x 5 2.86) compared with the ‘‘nonvenomous’’ colubrids (x 5 4.10) that rely on grip and constriction to capture the prey, and the Viperidae, a lineage that mostly employs haemotoxins (x 5 4.19). Relatively lower omega estimates in Anguimorph lizards (x 5 2.33) than snakes (x 5 3.84) suggests that lizards probably depend more on pace and powerful jaws for predation than venom.
-
evolution of Crisps associated with toxicoferan reptilian venom and mammalian reproduction
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Kartik Sunagar, Vitor Vasconcelos, Warren E Johnson, Stephen J Obrien, Agostinho AntunesAbstract:Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (Crisps) are glycoproteins found exclusively in vertebrates and have broad diversified functions. They are hypothesized to play important roles in mammalian reproduction and in reptilian venom, where they disrupt homeostasis of the prey through several mechanisms, including among others, blockage of cyclic nucleotide-gated and voltage-gated ion channels and inhibition of smooth muscle contraction. We evaluated the molecular evolution of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles at both nucleotide and protein levels relative to their nonvenomous mammalian homologs. We show that the evolution of Crisp gene in these reptiles is significantly influenced by positive selection and in snakes (x 5 3.84) more than in lizards (x 5 2.33), whereas mammalian Crisps were under strong negative selection (Crisp1 5 0.55, Crisp2 5 0.40, and Crisp3 5 0.68). The use of ancestral sequence reconstruction, mapping of mutations on the threedimensional structure, and detailed evaluation of selection pressures suggests that the toxicoferan Crisps underwent accelerated evolution aided by strong positive selection and directional mutagenesis, whereas their mammalian homologs are constrained by negative selection. Gene and protein-level selection analyses identified 41 positively selected sites in snakes and 14 sites in lizards. Most of these sites are located on the molecular surface (nearly 76% in snakes and 79% in lizards), whereas the backbone of the protein retains a highly conserved structural scaffold. Nearly 46% of the positively selected sites occur in the cysteine-rich domain of the protein. This directional mutagenesis, where the hotspots of mutations are found on the molecular surface and functional domains of the protein, acts as a diversifying mechanism for the exquisite biological targeting of Crisps in toxicoferan reptiles. Finally, our analyses suggest that the evolution of toxicoferan-Crisp venoms might have been influenced by the specific predatory mechanism employed by the organism. Crisps in Elapidae, which mostly employ neurotoxins, have experienced less positive selection pressure (x 5 2.86) compared with the ‘‘nonvenomous’’ colubrids (x 5 4.10) that rely on grip and constriction to capture the prey, and the Viperidae, a lineage that mostly employs haemotoxins (x 5 4.19). Relatively lower omega estimates in Anguimorph lizards (x 5 2.33) than snakes (x 5 3.84) suggests that lizards probably depend more on pace and powerful jaws for predation than venom.
