The Experts below are selected from a list of 168 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rudolf Krska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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worldwide Contamination of food Crops with mycotoxins validity of the widely cited fao estimate of 25
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Mari Eskola, Christopher T Elliott, Jana Hajslova, Sultan Mayar, Rudolf Krska, Gregor KosAbstract:Prior to 1985 the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated global food Crop Contamination with mycotoxins to be 25%. The origin of this statement is largely unknown. To assess the rationale for it, the relevant literature was reviewed and data of around 500,000 analyses from the European Food Safety Authority and large global survey for aflatoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, zearalenone and ochratoxin A in cereals and nuts were examined. Using different thresholds, i.e. limit of detection, the lower and upper regulatory limits of European Union (EU) legislation and Codex Alimentarius standards, the mycotoxin occurrence was estimated. Impact of different aspects on uncertainty of the occurrence estimates presented in literature and related to our results are critically discussed. Current mycotoxin occurrence above the EU and Codex limits appears to confirm the FAO 25% estimate, while this figure greatly underestimates the occurrence above the detectable levels (up to 60-80%). The high occurrence is likely explained by a combination of the improved sensitivity of analytical methods and impact of climate change. It is of immense importance that the detectable levels are not overlooked as through diets, humans are exposed to mycotoxin mixtures which can induce combined adverse health effects.
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worldwide Contamination of food Crops with mycotoxins validity of the widely cited fao estimate of 25
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2019Co-Authors: Mari Eskola, Christopher T Elliott, Jana Hajslova, Sultan Mayar, Rudolf KrskaAbstract:AbstractPrior to 1985 the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated global food Crop Contamination with mycotoxins to be 25%. The origin of this statement is largely unknown. To assess the ...
Alec C. Gerry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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house fly musca domestica l attraction to insect honeydew
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Kim Y Hung, Astri Wayadande, Themis J Michailides, Jocelyn G. Millar, Alec C. GerryAbstract:House flies are of major concern as vectors of food-borne pathogens to food Crops. House flies are common pests on cattle feedlots and dairies, where they develop in and feed on animal waste. By contacting animal waste, house flies can acquire human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., in addition to other bacteria, viruses, or parasites that may infect humans and animals. The subsequent dispersal of house flies from animal facilities to nearby agricultural fields containing food Crops may lead to pre-harvest food Contamination with these pathogens. We hypothesized that odors from honeydew, the sugary excreta produced by sucking insects feeding on Crops, or molds and fungi growing on honeydew, may attract house flies, thereby increasing the risk of food Crop Contamination. House fly attraction to honeydew-contaminated plant material was evaluated using a laboratory bioassay. House flies were attracted to the following plant-pest-honeydew combinations: citrus mealybug on squash fruit, pea aphid on faba bean plants, whitefly on navel orange and grapefruit leaves, and combined citrus mealybug and cottony cushion scale on mandarin orange leaves. House flies were not attracted to field-collected samples of lerp psyllids on eucalyptus plants or aphids on crepe myrtle leaves. Fungi associated with field-collected honeydews were isolated and identified for further study as possible emitters of volatiles attractive to house flies. Two fungal species, Aureobasidium pullulans and Cladosporium cladosporioides, were repeatedly isolated from field-collected honeydew samples. Both fungal species were grown in potato dextrose enrichment broth and house fly attraction to volatiles from these fungal cultures was evaluated. House flies were attracted to odors from A. pullulans cultures but not to those of C. cladosporioides. Identification of specific honeydew odors that are attractive to house flies could be valuable for the development of improved house fly baits for management of this pest species.
Kim Y Hung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE House Fly (Musca domestica L.) Attraction to Insect Honeydew
2016Co-Authors: Kim Y Hung, Themis J Michailides, Jocelyn G. Millar, Astri WayadAbstract:House flies are of major concern as vectors of food-borne pathogens to food Crops. House flies are common pests on cattle feedlots and dairies, where they develop in and feed on ani-mal waste. By contacting animal waste, house flies can acquire human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., in addition to other bacteria, viruses, or parasites that may infect humans and animals. The subsequent dispersal of house flies from animal fa-cilities to nearby agricultural fields containing food Crops may lead to pre-harvest food contami-nation with these pathogens.We hypothesized that odors from honeydew, the sugary excreta produced by sucking insects feeding on Crops, or molds and fungi growing on honeydew, may attract house flies, thereby increasing the risk of food Crop Contamination. House fly attraction to honeydew-contaminated plant material was evaluated using a laboratory bioassay. House flies were attracted to the following plant-pest-honeydew combinations: citrus mealybug on squash fruit, pea aphid on faba bean plants, whitefly on navel orange and grapefruit leaves, and combined citrus mealybug and cottony cushion scale on mandarin orange leaves. House flies were not attracted to field-collected samples of lerp psyllids on eucalyptus plants or aphid
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house fly musca domestica l attraction to insect honeydew
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Kim Y Hung, Astri Wayadande, Themis J Michailides, Jocelyn G. Millar, Alec C. GerryAbstract:House flies are of major concern as vectors of food-borne pathogens to food Crops. House flies are common pests on cattle feedlots and dairies, where they develop in and feed on animal waste. By contacting animal waste, house flies can acquire human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., in addition to other bacteria, viruses, or parasites that may infect humans and animals. The subsequent dispersal of house flies from animal facilities to nearby agricultural fields containing food Crops may lead to pre-harvest food Contamination with these pathogens. We hypothesized that odors from honeydew, the sugary excreta produced by sucking insects feeding on Crops, or molds and fungi growing on honeydew, may attract house flies, thereby increasing the risk of food Crop Contamination. House fly attraction to honeydew-contaminated plant material was evaluated using a laboratory bioassay. House flies were attracted to the following plant-pest-honeydew combinations: citrus mealybug on squash fruit, pea aphid on faba bean plants, whitefly on navel orange and grapefruit leaves, and combined citrus mealybug and cottony cushion scale on mandarin orange leaves. House flies were not attracted to field-collected samples of lerp psyllids on eucalyptus plants or aphids on crepe myrtle leaves. Fungi associated with field-collected honeydews were isolated and identified for further study as possible emitters of volatiles attractive to house flies. Two fungal species, Aureobasidium pullulans and Cladosporium cladosporioides, were repeatedly isolated from field-collected honeydew samples. Both fungal species were grown in potato dextrose enrichment broth and house fly attraction to volatiles from these fungal cultures was evaluated. House flies were attracted to odors from A. pullulans cultures but not to those of C. cladosporioides. Identification of specific honeydew odors that are attractive to house flies could be valuable for the development of improved house fly baits for management of this pest species.
M. Carriere - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of soil type on TiO$_2$ nanoparticle fate in an agro-ecosystem
Science of the Total Environment, 2018Co-Authors: C. Larue, C. Baratange, D. Vantelon, H. Khodja, S. Surble, A. Elger, M. CarriereAbstract:Nanoparticles (NPs) and in particular TiO$_2$-NPs are increasingly included in commercial goods leading to their accumulation in sewage sludge which is spread on agricultural soils as fertilizers in many countries. Crop plants are thus a very likely point of entry for NPs in the food chain up to humans. So far, soil influence on NP fate has been under-investigated. In this article, we studied the partitioning of TiO$_2$-NPs between soil and soil leachate, their uptake and biotransformation in wheat seedlings and their impact on plant development after exposure on 4 different types of soil with different characteristics: soil texture (from sandy to clayey), soil pH, cationic exchange capacity, organic matter content. Results suggest that a NP Contamination occurring on agricultural soils will mainly lead to NP accumulation in soil (increase of Ti concentration up to 302 % in sand) but to low to negligible transfer to soil leachate and plant shoot. In our experimental conditions, no sign of acute phytotoxicity has been detected (growth, biomass, chlorophyll content). Clay content above 6% together with organic matter content above 1.5% lead to translocation factor from soil to plant leaves below 2.5% (i.e. below 13 mg Ti.kg$^{-1}$ dry leaves). Taken together, our results suggest low risk of Crop Contamination in an agro-ecosystem.
Mari Eskola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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worldwide Contamination of food Crops with mycotoxins validity of the widely cited fao estimate of 25
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Mari Eskola, Christopher T Elliott, Jana Hajslova, Sultan Mayar, Rudolf Krska, Gregor KosAbstract:Prior to 1985 the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated global food Crop Contamination with mycotoxins to be 25%. The origin of this statement is largely unknown. To assess the rationale for it, the relevant literature was reviewed and data of around 500,000 analyses from the European Food Safety Authority and large global survey for aflatoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, zearalenone and ochratoxin A in cereals and nuts were examined. Using different thresholds, i.e. limit of detection, the lower and upper regulatory limits of European Union (EU) legislation and Codex Alimentarius standards, the mycotoxin occurrence was estimated. Impact of different aspects on uncertainty of the occurrence estimates presented in literature and related to our results are critically discussed. Current mycotoxin occurrence above the EU and Codex limits appears to confirm the FAO 25% estimate, while this figure greatly underestimates the occurrence above the detectable levels (up to 60-80%). The high occurrence is likely explained by a combination of the improved sensitivity of analytical methods and impact of climate change. It is of immense importance that the detectable levels are not overlooked as through diets, humans are exposed to mycotoxin mixtures which can induce combined adverse health effects.
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worldwide Contamination of food Crops with mycotoxins validity of the widely cited fao estimate of 25
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2019Co-Authors: Mari Eskola, Christopher T Elliott, Jana Hajslova, Sultan Mayar, Rudolf KrskaAbstract:AbstractPrior to 1985 the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated global food Crop Contamination with mycotoxins to be 25%. The origin of this statement is largely unknown. To assess the ...