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Thomas J Gill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of tibiofemoral cartilage deformation in the posterior Cruciate Ligament deficient knee
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume, 2009Co-Authors: Samuel K Van De Velde, Jeffrey T. Bingham, Thomas J GillAbstract:Background: Degeneration of the tibiofemoral articular cartilage often develops in patients with posterior Cruciate Ligament deficiency, yet little research has focused on the etiology of this specific type of cartilage degeneration. In this study, we hypothesized that posterior Cruciate Ligament deficiency changes the location and magnitude of cartilage deformation in the tibiofemoral joint. Methods: Fourteen patients with a posterior Cruciate Ligament injury in one knee and the contralateral side intact participated in the study. First, both knees were imaged with use of a specific magnetic resonance imaging sequence to create three-dimensional knee models of the surfaces of the bone and cartilage. Next, each patient performed a single leg lunge as images were recorded with a dual fluoroscopic system at 0°, 30°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, and 120° of knee flexion. Finally, the three-dimensional knee models and fluoroscopic images were used to reproduce the in vivo knee position at each flexion angle with use of a previously described image-matching method. With use of these series of knee models, the location and magnitude of peak tibiofemoral cartilage deformation at each flexion angle were compared between the intact contralateral and posterior Cruciate Ligament-deficient knees. Results: In the medial compartment of the posterior Cruciate Ligament-deficient knees, the location and magnitude of peak cartilage deformation were significantly changed, compared with those in the intact contralateral knees, between 75° and 120° of flexion, with a more anterior and medial location of peak cartilage deformation on the tibial plateau as well as increased deformation of the cartilage. In the lateral compartment, no significant differences in the location or magnitude of peak cartilage deformation were found between the intact and posterior Cruciate Ligament-deficient knees. Conclusions: The altered kinematics associated with posterior Cruciate Ligament deficiency resulted in a shift of the tibiofemoral contact location and an increase in cartilage deformation in the medial compartment beyond 75° of knee flexion. The magnitude of the medial contact shift in the posterior Cruciate Ligament-deficient knee was on the same order as that of the anterior contact shift. Clinical Relevance: The observed changes in the location and magnitude of cartilage deformation in the tibiofemoral joint provide insight about the development of degeneration of the tibiofemoral joint cartilage in patients with posterior Cruciate Ligament deficiency. Our data also suggest that recreating mediolateral stability of posterior Cruciate Ligament-deficient knees might be of importance in addition to surgically improving anteroposterior translation.
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the effect of anterior Cruciate Ligament deficiency and reconstruction on the patellofemoral joint
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Samuel K Van De Velde, Thomas J Gill, Louis E Defrate, Ramprasad PapannagariAbstract:BackgroundLittle is known about the effect of anterior Cruciate Ligament deficiency and reconstruction on the patellofemoral joint.HypothesisAnterior Cruciate Ligament deficiency changes the patellofemoral joint biomechanics. Reconstruction of the Ligament does not restore the altered patellofemoral joint function.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsEight patients with an acute anterior Cruciate Ligament injury in 1 knee and the contralateral side intact were included in the study. Magnetic resonance and dual-orthogonal fluoroscopic imaging techniques were used to compare the patellofemoral joint function during a single-leg lunge between the intact, the anterior Cruciate Ligament–injured, and the anterior Cruciate Ligament–reconstructed knee. Data on the patellar tendon apparent elongation and orientation, patellar tracking and patellofemoral cartilage contact location were collected preoperatively and at 6 months after reconstruction.ResultsAnterior Cruciate Ligament deficiency caused a signi...
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function of posterior Cruciate Ligament bundles during in vivo knee flexion
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Ramprasad Papannagari, Louis E Defrate, Kyung Wook Nha, Jeremy M Moses, Mohamed Moussa, Thomas J GillAbstract:BackgroundThe biomechanical functions of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of the posterior Cruciate Ligament over the range of flexion of the knee joint remain unclear.HypothesisThe posterior Cruciate Ligament bundles have minimal length at low flexion angles and maximal length at high flexion angles.Study DesignDescriptive laboratory study.MethodsSeven knees from normal, healthy subjects were scanned with magnetic resonance, and 3-dimensional models of the femur, tibia, and posterior Cruciate Ligament attachment sites were created. The lines connecting the centroids of the corresponding bundle attachment sites on the femur and tibia represented the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of the posterior Cruciate Ligament. Each knee was imaged during weightbearing flexion (from 0° to maximal flexion) using a dual-orthogonal fluoroscopic system. The length, elevation, deviation, and twist of the posterior Cruciate Ligament bundles were measured as a function of flexion.ResultsThe lengths of the...
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in vivo kinematics of the knee after anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction a clinical and functional evaluation
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Ramprasad Papannagari, Thomas J Gill, Louis E Defrate, Jeremy M Moses, Alex PetruskaAbstract:BackgroundRecent follow-up studies have reported a high incidence of joint degeneration in patients with anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction. Abnormal kinematics after anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction have been thought to contribute to the degeneration.HypothesisAnterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction, which was designed to restore anterior knee laxity under anterior tibial loads, does not reproduce knee kinematics under in vivo physiological loading conditions.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsBoth knees of 7 patients with complete unilateral rupture of the anterior Cruciate Ligament were magnetic resonance imaged, and 3D models were constructed from these images. The anterior Cruciate Ligament of the injured knee was arthroscopically reconstructed using a bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft. Three months after surgery, the kinematics of the intact contralateral and reconstructed knees were measured using a dual-orthogonal fluoroscopic system while the subjects performed a s...
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the effect of anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction on knee joint kinematics under simulated muscle loads
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Louis E Defrate, Ramprasad Papannagari, Jae Doo Yoo, Sang Eun Park, Thomas J GillAbstract:BackgroundNumerous studies have investigated anterior stability of the knee during the anterior drawer test after anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction. Few studies have evaluated anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction under physiological loads.PurposeTo determine whether anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction reproduced knee motion under simulated muscle loads.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsEight human cadaveric knees were tested with the anterior Cruciate Ligament intact, transected, and reconstructed (using a bone–patellar tendon–bone graft) on a robotic testing system. Tibial translation and rotation were measured at 0 °, 15 °, 30 °, 60 °, and 90 ° of flexion under anterior drawer loading (130 N), quadriceps muscle loading (400 N), and combined quadriceps and hamstring muscle loading (400 N and 200 N, respectively). Repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test were used to detect statistically significant differences between knee states.ResultsAnte...
Christopher D. Harner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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practice patterns for combined anterior Cruciate Ligament and meniscal surgery in the united states
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Volker Musahl, Susan S Jordan, Alexis C Colvin, Michael J Tranovich, James J Irrgang, Christopher D. HarnerAbstract:PurposeThe purpose of the study was to compare frequency of meniscal repair to partial meniscectomy in patients undergoing anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction using the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons (ABOS) database.Hypotheses(1) Practice patterns are similar with respect to geographic region. (2) Surgeons with fellowship training perform more meniscal repairs compared with general orthopaedic practitioners. (3) Younger patients are more likely to be treated with meniscal repair at the time of anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction. (4) The frequency of meniscal repair in conjunction with anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction has increased over time.Study DesignCross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.MethodsInformation was extracted from the ABOS database from 2002 orthopaedic surgeons who sat for the part II examination from 2003 to 2007. The database was queried for all patients who underwent anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] code 29...
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evaluation and treatment of posterior Cruciate Ligament injuries
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 1998Co-Authors: Christopher D. Harner, Jurgen HoherAbstract:Improved basic science data on the anatomy and biomechanics of the human posterior Cruciate Ligament have provided the orthopaedic surgeon with new information on which to base treatment decisions. Injuries to the posterior Cruciate Ligament are reported to comprise approximately 3% of all knee Ligament injuries in the general population and as high as 37% in an emergency department setting. While the diagnosis of a posterior Cruciate Ligament injury can often be made with a physical examination, ancillary studies such as radiographs and magnetic resonance images can be very helpful in detecting associated Ligament and bony injuries. In general, most partial (grades I and II) posterior Cruciate Ligament injuries can be treated nonoperatively. However, surgical reconstruction is usually recommended for those posterior Cruciate Ligament injuries that occur in combination with other structures. In this review, current surgical techniques of posterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction based on anatomic and biomechanical studies will be discussed.
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revision anterior Cruciate Ligament surgery experience from pittsburgh
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1996Co-Authors: Darren L Johnson, James J Irrgang, Todd M Swenson, Christopher D. HarnerAbstract:Twenty-five patients who underwent revision anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction after failure of a previous intraarticular reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed. Before revision, all patients reported functional instability with sports or activities of daily living and exhibited increased anterior patholaxity on physical examination. Fresh frozen irradiated allograft tissue was used for all revisions. A comprehensive knee analysis using a subjective and objective system was done for all patients preoperatively and at the time of final followup. The mean age at revision surgery was 25 years and average time from primary to revision surgery was 30 months. Average length of followup was 28 months. The anteroposterior displacement was improved in all patients. Sixty-four percent of patients had less than 5 mm side to side difference on arthrometric testing. Eighty percent had either a Grade 0 or Grade 1 pivot shift. The average modified Cincinnati Knee Score was 68 with the results of 88% of patients rated abnormal by International Knee Documentation Committee guidelines. Seventy-six percent of patients were satisfied with their results and would elect to have revision surgery again. These results show that patients having revision anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction for a failed intraarticular reconstruction had improvement in their functional status compared with prerevision; however, they did not achieve the same level of satisfactory results as primary anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction.
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The human posterior Cruciate Ligament complex: an interdisciplinary study. Ligament morphology and biomechanical evaluation.
The American journal of sports medicine, 1995Co-Authors: Christopher D. Harner, Glen A. Livesay, John W. Xerogeanes, Gregory J. Carlin, Brian A. Smith, Takeshi Kusayama, Shinji Kashiwaguchi, Savio L. C. WooAbstract:To study the structural and functional properties of the human posterior Cruciate Ligament complex, we measured the cross-sectional shape and area of the anterior Cruciate, posterior Cruciate, and meniscofemoral Ligaments in eight cadaveric knees. The posterior Cruciate Ligament increased in cross-sectional area from tibia to femur, and the anterior Cruciate Ligament area decreased from tibia to femur. The meniscofemoral Ligaments did not change shape in their course from the lateral meniscus to their femoral insertions. The posterior Cruciate Ligament cross-sectional area was approximately 50% and 20% greater than that of the anterior Cruciate Ligament at the femur and tibia, respectively. The meniscofemoral Ligaments averaged approximately 22% of the entire cross-sectional area of the posterior Cruciate Ligament. The insertion sites of the anterior and posterior Cruciate Ligaments were evaluated. The insertion sites of the anterior and posterior Cruciate Ligaments were 300% to 500% larger than the cross-section of their respective midsubstances. We determined, through transmission electron microscopy, fibril size within the anterior and posterior Cruciate Ligament complex from the femur to the tibia. The posterior Cruciate Ligament becomes increasingly larger from the tibial to the femoral insertions, and the anterior Cruciate Ligament becomes smaller toward the femoral insertion. We evaluated the biomechanical properties of the femur-posterior Cruciate Ligament-tibia complex using 14 additional human cadaveric knees. The posterior Cruciate Ligament was divided into two functional components: the anterolateral, which is taut in knee flexion, and the posteromedial, which is taut in knee extension. The anterolateral component had a significantly greater linear stiffness and ultimate load than both the posteromedial component and meniscofemoral Ligaments. The anterolateral component and the meniscofemoral Ligaments displayed similar elastic moduli, which were both significantly greater than that of the posteromedial component.
Louis E Defrate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of anterior Cruciate Ligament deficiency and reconstruction on the patellofemoral joint
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Samuel K Van De Velde, Thomas J Gill, Louis E Defrate, Ramprasad PapannagariAbstract:BackgroundLittle is known about the effect of anterior Cruciate Ligament deficiency and reconstruction on the patellofemoral joint.HypothesisAnterior Cruciate Ligament deficiency changes the patellofemoral joint biomechanics. Reconstruction of the Ligament does not restore the altered patellofemoral joint function.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsEight patients with an acute anterior Cruciate Ligament injury in 1 knee and the contralateral side intact were included in the study. Magnetic resonance and dual-orthogonal fluoroscopic imaging techniques were used to compare the patellofemoral joint function during a single-leg lunge between the intact, the anterior Cruciate Ligament–injured, and the anterior Cruciate Ligament–reconstructed knee. Data on the patellar tendon apparent elongation and orientation, patellar tracking and patellofemoral cartilage contact location were collected preoperatively and at 6 months after reconstruction.ResultsAnterior Cruciate Ligament deficiency caused a signi...
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function of posterior Cruciate Ligament bundles during in vivo knee flexion
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Ramprasad Papannagari, Louis E Defrate, Kyung Wook Nha, Jeremy M Moses, Mohamed Moussa, Thomas J GillAbstract:BackgroundThe biomechanical functions of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of the posterior Cruciate Ligament over the range of flexion of the knee joint remain unclear.HypothesisThe posterior Cruciate Ligament bundles have minimal length at low flexion angles and maximal length at high flexion angles.Study DesignDescriptive laboratory study.MethodsSeven knees from normal, healthy subjects were scanned with magnetic resonance, and 3-dimensional models of the femur, tibia, and posterior Cruciate Ligament attachment sites were created. The lines connecting the centroids of the corresponding bundle attachment sites on the femur and tibia represented the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of the posterior Cruciate Ligament. Each knee was imaged during weightbearing flexion (from 0° to maximal flexion) using a dual-orthogonal fluoroscopic system. The length, elevation, deviation, and twist of the posterior Cruciate Ligament bundles were measured as a function of flexion.ResultsThe lengths of the...
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in vivo kinematics of the knee after anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction a clinical and functional evaluation
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Ramprasad Papannagari, Thomas J Gill, Louis E Defrate, Jeremy M Moses, Alex PetruskaAbstract:BackgroundRecent follow-up studies have reported a high incidence of joint degeneration in patients with anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction. Abnormal kinematics after anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction have been thought to contribute to the degeneration.HypothesisAnterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction, which was designed to restore anterior knee laxity under anterior tibial loads, does not reproduce knee kinematics under in vivo physiological loading conditions.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsBoth knees of 7 patients with complete unilateral rupture of the anterior Cruciate Ligament were magnetic resonance imaged, and 3D models were constructed from these images. The anterior Cruciate Ligament of the injured knee was arthroscopically reconstructed using a bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft. Three months after surgery, the kinematics of the intact contralateral and reconstructed knees were measured using a dual-orthogonal fluoroscopic system while the subjects performed a s...
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the effect of anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction on knee joint kinematics under simulated muscle loads
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Louis E Defrate, Ramprasad Papannagari, Jae Doo Yoo, Sang Eun Park, Thomas J GillAbstract:BackgroundNumerous studies have investigated anterior stability of the knee during the anterior drawer test after anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction. Few studies have evaluated anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction under physiological loads.PurposeTo determine whether anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction reproduced knee motion under simulated muscle loads.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsEight human cadaveric knees were tested with the anterior Cruciate Ligament intact, transected, and reconstructed (using a bone–patellar tendon–bone graft) on a robotic testing system. Tibial translation and rotation were measured at 0 °, 15 °, 30 °, 60 °, and 90 ° of flexion under anterior drawer loading (130 N), quadriceps muscle loading (400 N), and combined quadriceps and hamstring muscle loading (400 N and 200 N, respectively). Repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test were used to detect statistically significant differences between knee states.ResultsAnte...
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in vivo function of the posterior Cruciate Ligament during weightbearing knee flexion
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Louis E Defrate, Thomas J GillAbstract:BackgroundCurrent knowledge of posterior Cruciate Ligament function is mainly based on in vitro cadaveric studies. There are few studies on the in vivo function of the posterior Cruciate Ligament. The objective of the study was to quantify the multidimensional deformation of the posterior Cruciate Ligament.HypothesisDuring in vivo weightbearing flexion, the posterior Cruciate Ligament undergoes complex 3-dimensional deformations, including elongation, twist, and changes in orientation.Study DesignIn vivo biomechanical study.MethodsMagnetic resonance images of 5 human knees were used to create 3-dimensional computer models of each subject's knee, including the insertion areas of the posterior Cruciate Ligament. Orthogonal fluoroscopic images of each subject's knee were acquired as a quasi-static lunge was performed. The images and computer models were used to reproduce the in vivo motion of the knee. The relative motion of the femoral and tibial insertions was described in terms of elongation, twist, eleva...
Richard D Parker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk of tearing the intact anterior Cruciate Ligament in the contralateral knee and rupturing the anterior Cruciate Ligament graft during the first 2 years after anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction a prospective moon cohort study
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Rick W Wright, Richard D Parker, John A Bergfeld, Warren R Dunn, Robert G Marx, Jack T Andrish, Christopher C Kaeding, Annunziato Amendola, Eric C Mccarty, Michelle L WolcottAbstract:Background: The risk of tear of the intact anterior Cruciate Ligament in the contralateral knee after anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction of the opposite knee and the incidence of rupturing the anterior Cruciate Ligament graft during the first 2 years after surgery have not been extensively studied in a prospective manner. Clinicians have hypothesized that the opposite normal knee is at equal or increased risk compared with the risk of anterior Cruciate Ligament graft rupture in the operated knee.Hypothesis: The risk of anterior Cruciate Ligament graft rupture and contralateral normal knee anterior Cruciate Ligament rupture at 2-year follow-up is equal.Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.Methods: The Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcome Network (MOON) database of a prospective longitudinal cohort of anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstructions was used to determine the number of anterior Cruciate Ligament graft ruptures and tears of the intact anterior Cruciate Ligament in the contralateral kn...
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evaluation and treatment of posterior Cruciate Ligament injuries revisited
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: William M Wind, John A Bergfeld, Richard D ParkerAbstract:Current knowledge and treatment of posterior Cruciate Ligament injuries continue to lag behind that of anterior Cruciate Ligament injuries. This is the result of the relative infrequency of posterior Cruciate Ligament injuries and the lack of consensus with respect to its natural history, surgical indications, technique, and postoperative rehabilitation. Recent anatomical and biomechanical studies have improved our understanding of the posterior Cruciate Ligament in an attempt to reproduce its anatomy and function during reconstruction. The following is a comprehensive review on the evaluation and treatment of posterior Cruciate Ligament injuries with special focus on the current surgical techniques.
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a biomechanical comparison of posterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction techniques
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: John A Bergfeld, Richard D Parker, David R. Mcallister, Antonio Valdevit, Helen KambicAbstract:Most posterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction techniques use both tibial and femoral bone tunnels for graft placement. Because of the acute angle the graft must make to gain entrance into the tibial tunnel, abnormal stresses are placed on the graft that could lead to graft failure. An alternative technique for posterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction involves placement of the bone plug from the graft anatomically on the back of the tibia (inlay), preventing formation of an acute angle at the tibial attachment site. We used six pairs of human cadaver knees to compare the biomechanical properties of these two techniques. One knee from each pair underwent tunnel reconstruction while the other knee underwent inlay reconstruction. There was significantly less anterior-posterior laxity in the inlay group when compared with the tunnel group from 30° to 90° of knee flexion and after repetitive loading at 90° of knee flexion. Evaluation of the grafts revealed evidence of mechanical degradation in the tunnel group but not in the inlay group. The inlay technique resulted in less posterior translation with less graft degradation than did the tunnel technique for posterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction.
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graft selection in knee Cruciate Ligament surgery autograft allograft and synthetic
Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics, 1999Co-Authors: Steven Stecker, Richard D ParkerAbstract:Abstract Choosing a graft for use in anterior Cruciate Ligament and/or posterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction is a complex and commonly argued topic. The ideal graft substitute would have no morbidity associated with its procurement, be readily available for use, and be capable of strong fixation with sufficient inherent strength to withstand an accelerated postoperative rehabilitation protocol. During the last 15 years, the number of graft choices has increased dramatically. This article presents the reader with a review and current update of graft selection in knee Cruciate Ligament surgery.
Leo A Pinczewski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fifteen year outcome of endoscopic anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft for isolated anterior Cruciate Ligament tear
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Catherine Hui, Lucy J Salmon, James Linklater, A Kok, Shinichi Maeno, Leo A PinczewskiAbstract:Background: Few studies report the long-term results of anterior Cruciate Ligament rupture and single-incision endoscopic reconstructive surgery. Outcomes are often clouded by concomitant meniscal, chondral, or Ligament injuries.Purpose: To determine the 15-year outcomes of anterior Cruciate Ligament ruptures treated with endoscopic anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction using middle-third patellar tendon autograft.Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods: Between January 1993 and April 1994, 333 consecutive patients underwent anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction. Patients with associated Ligamentous injury requiring surgery, previous meniscectomy, or meniscal injury requiring more than one-third meniscectomy; chondral injury diagnosed at arthroscopy; and an abnormal contralateral knee were excluded. Ninety patients met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes included range of motion, Lachman and pivot-shift tests, instrumented Ligament testing, single-legged hop test, Lysholm Knee Score, ...
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revision anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft 5 to 9 year follow up
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Lucy J Salmon, Vivianne J Russell, Leo A Pinczewski, Kathryn M RefshaugeAbstract:BackgroundThe results of revision anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction are limited in the current literature, and no studies have previously documented the outcome of revision anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction using solely hamstring tendon grafts.HypothesisRevision anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction with 4-strand hamstring tendon graft affords acceptable results and is comparable to reported outcomes with the bone–patellar tendon–bone graft.Study DesignCase series; Level of evidence, 4.MethodsFifty-seven consecutive revision anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstructions with the hamstring tendon graft and interference screw fixation were assessed a mean time of 89 months (range, 60-109 months) after surgery. Assessment included the International Knee Documentation Committee knee Ligament evaluation, instrumented laxity testing, and radiologic examination.ResultsOf the 50 knees reviewed, 5 (10%) had objective failure of the revision anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction. Of the 45 pati...
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gender differences in outcome after anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Lucy J Salmon, Kathryn M Refshauge, Vivianne J Russell, Justin P Roe, James Linklater, Leo A PinczewskiAbstract:BackgroundIt is now well documented that women are more likely to suffer anterior Cruciate Ligament injuries than are men. A few studies have examined gender differences in the outcome of anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon graft and hamstring tendon with Endo Button fixation, but no well-controlled studies have specifically compared men and women after anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon graft and interference screw fixation.HypothesisThere is no difference in outcome between men and women after anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft and interference screw fixation.Study DesignCohort study; Level of evidence, 3.MethodsThere were 100 men and 100 women who underwent isolated anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction by a single surgeon. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at 1, 2, and 7 years after surgery. Variables were compared between female and male patients.ResultsLaxity on physical evaluation was greater ...