The Experts below are selected from a list of 36 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Xiaozheng (jenny) Zeng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Deep bleeder acoustic coagulation (DBAC)—Part I: development and in vitro testing of a research prototype Cuff system
    Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound, 2015
    Co-Authors: K. Michael Sekins, Stephen R. Barnes, Liexiang Fan, Jerry D. Hopple, Stephen J. Hsu, John Kook, Chi-yin Lee, Caroline Maleke, A R Ramachandran, Xiaozheng (jenny) Zeng
    Abstract:

    Background Bleeding from limb injuries is a leading cause of death on the battlefield, with deep wounds being least accessible. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been shown capable of coagulation of bleeding (cautery). This paper describes the development and refereed in vitro evaluation of an ultrasound (US) research prototype deep bleeder acoustic coagulation (DBAC) Cuff system for evaluating the potential of DBAC in the battlefield. The device had to meet quantitative performance metrics on automated operation, therapeutic heating, bleeder detection, targeting accuracy, operational time limits, and Cuff Weight over a range of limb sizes and bleeder depths. These metrics drove innovative approaches in image segmentation, bleeder detection, therapy transducers, beam targeting, and dose monitoring. A companion (Part II) paper discusses the in vivo performance testing of an animal-specific DBAC system. Materials and methods The Cuff system employed 3D US imaging probes (“Ix”) for detection and localization (D&L) and targeting, with the bleeders being identified by automated spectral Doppler analysis of flow waveforms. Unique high-element-count therapeutic arrays (“Tx”) were developed, with the final Cuff prototype having 21 Tx’s and 6 Ix’s. Spatial registration of Ix’s and Tx’s was done with a combination of image-registration, acoustic time-of-flight measurement, and tracking of the Cuff shape via a fiber optic sensor. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging or thermal strain imaging (TSI) at low-power doses were used to track the HIFU foci in closed-loop targeting. Recurrent neural network (RNN) acoustic thermometry guided closed-loop dosing. The Cuff was tested on three phantom “limb” sizes: diameters = 25, 15, and 7.5 cm, with bleeder depths from 3.75 to 12.5 cm. “Integrated Phantoms” (IntP) were used for assessing D&L, closed-loop targeting, and closed-loop dosing. IntPs had surrogate arteries and bleeders, with blood-mimicking fluids moved by a pulsatile pump, and thermocouples (TCs) on the bleeders. Acoustic dosing was developed and tested using “HIFU Phantoms” having precisely located TCs, with end-of-dose target ∆ T  = 33–58 °C, and skin temperature ∆ T  ≤ 20 °C, being required. Results Most DBAC Cuff performance requirements were met, including Cuff Weight, power delivery, targeting accuracy, skin temperature limit, and autonomous operation. The automated D&L completed in 9 of 15 tests (65 %), detecting the smallest (0.6 mm) bleeders, but it had difficulty with the lowest flow (3 cm/sec) bleeders, and in localizing bleeders in the smallest (7.5 cm) phantoms. D&L did not complete within the 9-min limit (results ranged 10–21 min). Closed-loop targeting converged in 20 of 31 tests (71 %), and closed-loop dosing power shut-off at preset ∆ T s was operational. Summary and conclusion The main performance objectives of the prototype DBAC Cuff were met, however the designs required a number of challenging new technology developments. The novel Tx arrays exhibited high power with significant beam steering and focusing flexibility, while their integrated electronics enabled the required compact, lightWeight configurability and simplified driving controls and cable/connector architecture. The compounded 3D imaging, combined with sophisticated software algorithms, enabled automated D&L and initial targeting and closed-loop targeting feedback via TSI. The development of RNN acoustic thermometry made possible feedback-controlled dosing. The lightWeight architecture required significant design and fabrication effort to meet mechanical functionalities. Although not all target specifications were met, future engineering solutions addressing these performance deficiencies are proposed. Lastly, the program required very complex limb test phantoms and, while very challenging to develop, they performed well.

  • Deep bleeder acoustic coagulation (DBAC)—Part I: development and in vitro testing of a research prototype Cuff system
    Journal of therapeutic ultrasound, 2015
    Co-Authors: K. Michael Sekins, Stephen R. Barnes, Liexiang Fan, Jerry D. Hopple, Stephen J. Hsu, John Kook, Chi-yin Lee, Caroline Maleke, A R Ramachandran, Xiaozheng (jenny) Zeng
    Abstract:

    Bleeding from limb injuries is a leading cause of death on the battlefield, with deep wounds being least accessible. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been shown capable of coagulation of bleeding (cautery). This paper describes the development and refereed in vitro evaluation of an ultrasound (US) research prototype deep bleeder acoustic coagulation (DBAC) Cuff system for evaluating the potential of DBAC in the battlefield. The device had to meet quantitative performance metrics on automated operation, therapeutic heating, bleeder detection, targeting accuracy, operational time limits, and Cuff Weight over a range of limb sizes and bleeder depths. These metrics drove innovative approaches in image segmentation, bleeder detection, therapy transducers, beam targeting, and dose monitoring. A companion (Part II) paper discusses the in vivo performance testing of an animal-specific DBAC system. The Cuff system employed 3D US imaging probes ("Ix") for detection and localization (D&L) and targeting, with the bleeders being identified by automated spectral Doppler analysis of flow waveforms. Unique high-element-count therapeutic arrays ("Tx") were developed, with the final Cuff prototype having 21 Tx's and 6 Ix's. Spatial registration of Ix's and Tx's was done with a combination of image-registration, acoustic time-of-flight measurement, and tracking of the Cuff shape via a fiber optic sensor. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging or thermal strain imaging (TSI) at low-power doses were used to track the HIFU foci in closed-loop targeting. Recurrent neural network (RNN) acoustic thermometry guided closed-loop dosing. The Cuff was tested on three phantom "limb" sizes: diameters = 25, 15, and 7.5 cm, with bleeder depths from 3.75 to 12.5 cm. "Integrated Phantoms" (IntP) were used for assessing D&L, closed-loop targeting, and closed-loop dosing. IntPs had surrogate arteries and bleeders, with blood-mimicking fluids moved by a pulsatile pump, and thermocouples (TCs) on the bleeders. Acoustic dosing was developed and tested using "HIFU Phantoms" having precisely located TCs, with end-of-dose target ∆T = 33-58 °C, and skin temperature ∆T ≤ 20 °C, being required. Most DBAC Cuff performance requirements were met, including Cuff Weight, power delivery, targeting accuracy, skin temperature limit, and autonomous operation. The automated D&L completed in 9 of 15 tests (65 %), detecting the smallest (0.6 mm) bleeders, but it had difficulty with the lowest flow (3 cm/sec) bleeders, and in localizing bleeders in the smallest (7.5 cm) phantoms. D&L did not complete within the 9-min limit (results ranged 10-21 min). Closed-loop targeting converged in 20 of 31 tests (71 %), and closed-loop dosing power shut-off at preset ∆Ts was operational. The main performance objectives of the prototype DBAC Cuff were met, however the designs required a number of challenging new technology developments. The novel Tx arrays exhibited high power with significant beam steering and focusing flexibility, while their integrated electronics enabled the required compact, lightWeight configurability and simplified driving controls and cable/connector architecture. The compounded 3D imaging, combined with sophisticated software algorithms, enabled automated D&L and initial targeting and closed-loop targeting feedback via TSI. The development of RNN acoustic thermometry made possible feedback-controlled dosing. The lightWeight architecture required significant design and fabrication effort to meet mechanical functionalities. Although not all target specifications were met, future engineering solutions addressing these performance deficiencies are proposed. Lastly, the program required very complex limb test phantoms and, while very challenging to develop, they performed well.

Taeyou Jung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Use of Cuff Weights for Aquatic Gait Training in People Post‐Stroke with Hemiparesis
    Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ryota Nishiyori, Byron Lai, Kyeong Lee, Konstantinos Vrongistinos, Taeyou Jung
    Abstract:

    This study aimed to examine how spatiotemporal and kinematic gait variables are influenced by the application of a Cuff Weight during aquatic walking in people post-stroke. The secondary purpose was to compare the differences in gait responses between the placements of Cuff Weights on the proximal (knee Weight) and distal end (ankle Weight) of the shank. Twenty-one participants post-stroke with hemiparesis aged 66.3 ± 11.3 years participated in a cross-sectional comparative study. Participants completed two aquatic walking trials at their self-selected maximum walking speed across an 8-m walkway under each of the three conditions: 1) walking with a knee Weight; 2) walking with an ankle Weight; and 3) walking with no Weight. Cuff Weights were worn on the paretic leg of each participant. Gait speed, cadence, step width and joint kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle joints were recorded by a customized three-dimensional underwater motion analysis system. Mean aquatic walking speeds significantly increased with the use of Cuff Weights when compared to walking with no Weight. Changes in gait variables were found in the non-paretic leg with the addition of Weight, while no significant changes were found in the paretic leg. The results suggest that the use of additional Weight can be helpful if the goal of gait training is to improve walking speed of people post-stroke during pool floor walking. However, it is interesting to note that changes in gait variables were not found in the paretic limb where favourable responses were expected to occur. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • The Influence of Applying Additional Weight to the Affected Leg on Gait Patterns During Aquatic Treadmill Walking in People Poststroke
    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2010
    Co-Authors: Taeyou Jung, Dokyeong Lee, Charalambos C. Charalambous, Konstantinos Vrongistinos
    Abstract:

    Abstract Jung T, Lee D, Charalambous C, Vrongistinos K. The influence of applying additional Weight to the affected leg on gait patterns during aquatic treadmill walking in people poststroke. Objective To investigate how the application of additional Weights to the affected leg influences gait patterns of people poststroke during aquatic treadmill walking. Design Comparative gait analysis. Setting University-based aquatic therapy center. Participants Community-dwelling volunteers (n=22) with chronic hemiparesis caused by stroke. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters. Results The use of an ankle Weight showed an increase in the stance phase percentage of gait cycle (3%, P =.015) when compared with no Weight. However, the difference was not significant after a Bonferroni adjustment was applied for a more stringent statistical analysis. No significant differences were found in cadence and stride length. The use of an ankle Weight showed a significant decrease of the peak hip flexion (7.9%, P =.001) of the affected limb as compared with no Weight condition. This decrease was marked as the reduction of unwanted limb flotation because people poststroke typically show excessive hip flexion of the paretic leg in the late swing phase followed by fluctuating hip movements during aquatic treadmill walking. The frontal and transverse plane hip motions did not show any significant differences but displayed a trend of a decrease in the peak hip abduction during the swing phase with additional Weights. The use of additional Weight did not alter sagittal plane kinematics of the knee and ankle joints. Conclusions The use of applied Weight on the affected limb can reduce unwanted limb flotation on the paretic side during aquatic treadmill walking. It can also assist the stance stability by increasing the stance phase percentage closer to 60% of gait cycle. Both findings can contribute to the development of more efficient motor patterns in gait training for people poststroke. The use of a Cuff Weight does not seem to reduce the limb circumduction during aquatic treadmill walking.

K. Michael Sekins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Deep bleeder acoustic coagulation (DBAC)—Part I: development and in vitro testing of a research prototype Cuff system
    Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound, 2015
    Co-Authors: K. Michael Sekins, Stephen R. Barnes, Liexiang Fan, Jerry D. Hopple, Stephen J. Hsu, John Kook, Chi-yin Lee, Caroline Maleke, A R Ramachandran, Xiaozheng (jenny) Zeng
    Abstract:

    Background Bleeding from limb injuries is a leading cause of death on the battlefield, with deep wounds being least accessible. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been shown capable of coagulation of bleeding (cautery). This paper describes the development and refereed in vitro evaluation of an ultrasound (US) research prototype deep bleeder acoustic coagulation (DBAC) Cuff system for evaluating the potential of DBAC in the battlefield. The device had to meet quantitative performance metrics on automated operation, therapeutic heating, bleeder detection, targeting accuracy, operational time limits, and Cuff Weight over a range of limb sizes and bleeder depths. These metrics drove innovative approaches in image segmentation, bleeder detection, therapy transducers, beam targeting, and dose monitoring. A companion (Part II) paper discusses the in vivo performance testing of an animal-specific DBAC system. Materials and methods The Cuff system employed 3D US imaging probes (“Ix”) for detection and localization (D&L) and targeting, with the bleeders being identified by automated spectral Doppler analysis of flow waveforms. Unique high-element-count therapeutic arrays (“Tx”) were developed, with the final Cuff prototype having 21 Tx’s and 6 Ix’s. Spatial registration of Ix’s and Tx’s was done with a combination of image-registration, acoustic time-of-flight measurement, and tracking of the Cuff shape via a fiber optic sensor. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging or thermal strain imaging (TSI) at low-power doses were used to track the HIFU foci in closed-loop targeting. Recurrent neural network (RNN) acoustic thermometry guided closed-loop dosing. The Cuff was tested on three phantom “limb” sizes: diameters = 25, 15, and 7.5 cm, with bleeder depths from 3.75 to 12.5 cm. “Integrated Phantoms” (IntP) were used for assessing D&L, closed-loop targeting, and closed-loop dosing. IntPs had surrogate arteries and bleeders, with blood-mimicking fluids moved by a pulsatile pump, and thermocouples (TCs) on the bleeders. Acoustic dosing was developed and tested using “HIFU Phantoms” having precisely located TCs, with end-of-dose target ∆ T  = 33–58 °C, and skin temperature ∆ T  ≤ 20 °C, being required. Results Most DBAC Cuff performance requirements were met, including Cuff Weight, power delivery, targeting accuracy, skin temperature limit, and autonomous operation. The automated D&L completed in 9 of 15 tests (65 %), detecting the smallest (0.6 mm) bleeders, but it had difficulty with the lowest flow (3 cm/sec) bleeders, and in localizing bleeders in the smallest (7.5 cm) phantoms. D&L did not complete within the 9-min limit (results ranged 10–21 min). Closed-loop targeting converged in 20 of 31 tests (71 %), and closed-loop dosing power shut-off at preset ∆ T s was operational. Summary and conclusion The main performance objectives of the prototype DBAC Cuff were met, however the designs required a number of challenging new technology developments. The novel Tx arrays exhibited high power with significant beam steering and focusing flexibility, while their integrated electronics enabled the required compact, lightWeight configurability and simplified driving controls and cable/connector architecture. The compounded 3D imaging, combined with sophisticated software algorithms, enabled automated D&L and initial targeting and closed-loop targeting feedback via TSI. The development of RNN acoustic thermometry made possible feedback-controlled dosing. The lightWeight architecture required significant design and fabrication effort to meet mechanical functionalities. Although not all target specifications were met, future engineering solutions addressing these performance deficiencies are proposed. Lastly, the program required very complex limb test phantoms and, while very challenging to develop, they performed well.

  • Deep bleeder acoustic coagulation (DBAC)—Part I: development and in vitro testing of a research prototype Cuff system
    Journal of therapeutic ultrasound, 2015
    Co-Authors: K. Michael Sekins, Stephen R. Barnes, Liexiang Fan, Jerry D. Hopple, Stephen J. Hsu, John Kook, Chi-yin Lee, Caroline Maleke, A R Ramachandran, Xiaozheng (jenny) Zeng
    Abstract:

    Bleeding from limb injuries is a leading cause of death on the battlefield, with deep wounds being least accessible. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been shown capable of coagulation of bleeding (cautery). This paper describes the development and refereed in vitro evaluation of an ultrasound (US) research prototype deep bleeder acoustic coagulation (DBAC) Cuff system for evaluating the potential of DBAC in the battlefield. The device had to meet quantitative performance metrics on automated operation, therapeutic heating, bleeder detection, targeting accuracy, operational time limits, and Cuff Weight over a range of limb sizes and bleeder depths. These metrics drove innovative approaches in image segmentation, bleeder detection, therapy transducers, beam targeting, and dose monitoring. A companion (Part II) paper discusses the in vivo performance testing of an animal-specific DBAC system. The Cuff system employed 3D US imaging probes ("Ix") for detection and localization (D&L) and targeting, with the bleeders being identified by automated spectral Doppler analysis of flow waveforms. Unique high-element-count therapeutic arrays ("Tx") were developed, with the final Cuff prototype having 21 Tx's and 6 Ix's. Spatial registration of Ix's and Tx's was done with a combination of image-registration, acoustic time-of-flight measurement, and tracking of the Cuff shape via a fiber optic sensor. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging or thermal strain imaging (TSI) at low-power doses were used to track the HIFU foci in closed-loop targeting. Recurrent neural network (RNN) acoustic thermometry guided closed-loop dosing. The Cuff was tested on three phantom "limb" sizes: diameters = 25, 15, and 7.5 cm, with bleeder depths from 3.75 to 12.5 cm. "Integrated Phantoms" (IntP) were used for assessing D&L, closed-loop targeting, and closed-loop dosing. IntPs had surrogate arteries and bleeders, with blood-mimicking fluids moved by a pulsatile pump, and thermocouples (TCs) on the bleeders. Acoustic dosing was developed and tested using "HIFU Phantoms" having precisely located TCs, with end-of-dose target ∆T = 33-58 °C, and skin temperature ∆T ≤ 20 °C, being required. Most DBAC Cuff performance requirements were met, including Cuff Weight, power delivery, targeting accuracy, skin temperature limit, and autonomous operation. The automated D&L completed in 9 of 15 tests (65 %), detecting the smallest (0.6 mm) bleeders, but it had difficulty with the lowest flow (3 cm/sec) bleeders, and in localizing bleeders in the smallest (7.5 cm) phantoms. D&L did not complete within the 9-min limit (results ranged 10-21 min). Closed-loop targeting converged in 20 of 31 tests (71 %), and closed-loop dosing power shut-off at preset ∆Ts was operational. The main performance objectives of the prototype DBAC Cuff were met, however the designs required a number of challenging new technology developments. The novel Tx arrays exhibited high power with significant beam steering and focusing flexibility, while their integrated electronics enabled the required compact, lightWeight configurability and simplified driving controls and cable/connector architecture. The compounded 3D imaging, combined with sophisticated software algorithms, enabled automated D&L and initial targeting and closed-loop targeting feedback via TSI. The development of RNN acoustic thermometry made possible feedback-controlled dosing. The lightWeight architecture required significant design and fabrication effort to meet mechanical functionalities. Although not all target specifications were met, future engineering solutions addressing these performance deficiencies are proposed. Lastly, the program required very complex limb test phantoms and, while very challenging to develop, they performed well.

Kim L. Bennell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Self-reported Home Exercise Adherence: A Validity and Reliability Study Using Concealed Accelerometers
    The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Philippa J.a. Nicolson, Rana S. Hinman, Tim V. Wrigley, Paul W. Stratford, Kim L. Bennell
    Abstract:

    Accurate measurement of adherence to prescribed exercise programs is essential. Diaries and self-report rating scales are commonly used, yet little evidence exists to demonstrate their validity and reliability. To examine the concurrent validity of adherence to home strengthening exercises measured by (1) exercise diaries and (2) a self-report rating scale, compared to adherence measured using an accelerometer concealed in an ankle Cuff Weight. Test-retest reliability of the self-report rating scale was also assessed. In this clinical measurement study, 54 adults aged 45 years or older with self-reported chronic knee pain were prescribed a home quadriceps-strengthening program. Over 12 weeks, participants completed paper exercise diaries and, at appointments every 2 weeks, rated their adherence on an 11-point numeric rating scale. A triaxial accelerometer was concealed in the ankle Cuff Weight used for exercises. Self-reported adherence rating scale data over each 2-week period were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and a Bland-Altman plot to assess agreement, Spearman correlations for validity, and intraclass correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability. Exercise adherence was significantly overestimated in diaries during the 12 weeks (diary median, 220 exercises; accelerometer, 176; P<.001) and was moderately correlated with accelerometer data (r = 0.52; 95% confidence interval: 0.26, 0.69). A Bland-Altman plot indicated large between-participant variability in agreement between these measures. Self-reported adherence showed poor to fair correlations with accelerometer data (mean r = 0.23-0.39), and less than acceptable reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79; lower 1-sided 95% confidence limit, 0.68). Exercise diaries showed questionable validity and variable levels of agreement compared with accelerometer-measured exercise completion. A self-reported adherence rating scale had limited validity and less than acceptable test-retest reliability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(12):943-950. Epub 27 Jul 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.8275.

Konstantinos Vrongistinos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Use of Cuff Weights for Aquatic Gait Training in People Post‐Stroke with Hemiparesis
    Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ryota Nishiyori, Byron Lai, Kyeong Lee, Konstantinos Vrongistinos, Taeyou Jung
    Abstract:

    This study aimed to examine how spatiotemporal and kinematic gait variables are influenced by the application of a Cuff Weight during aquatic walking in people post-stroke. The secondary purpose was to compare the differences in gait responses between the placements of Cuff Weights on the proximal (knee Weight) and distal end (ankle Weight) of the shank. Twenty-one participants post-stroke with hemiparesis aged 66.3 ± 11.3 years participated in a cross-sectional comparative study. Participants completed two aquatic walking trials at their self-selected maximum walking speed across an 8-m walkway under each of the three conditions: 1) walking with a knee Weight; 2) walking with an ankle Weight; and 3) walking with no Weight. Cuff Weights were worn on the paretic leg of each participant. Gait speed, cadence, step width and joint kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle joints were recorded by a customized three-dimensional underwater motion analysis system. Mean aquatic walking speeds significantly increased with the use of Cuff Weights when compared to walking with no Weight. Changes in gait variables were found in the non-paretic leg with the addition of Weight, while no significant changes were found in the paretic leg. The results suggest that the use of additional Weight can be helpful if the goal of gait training is to improve walking speed of people post-stroke during pool floor walking. However, it is interesting to note that changes in gait variables were not found in the paretic limb where favourable responses were expected to occur. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • The Influence of Applying Additional Weight to the Affected Leg on Gait Patterns During Aquatic Treadmill Walking in People Poststroke
    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2010
    Co-Authors: Taeyou Jung, Dokyeong Lee, Charalambos C. Charalambous, Konstantinos Vrongistinos
    Abstract:

    Abstract Jung T, Lee D, Charalambous C, Vrongistinos K. The influence of applying additional Weight to the affected leg on gait patterns during aquatic treadmill walking in people poststroke. Objective To investigate how the application of additional Weights to the affected leg influences gait patterns of people poststroke during aquatic treadmill walking. Design Comparative gait analysis. Setting University-based aquatic therapy center. Participants Community-dwelling volunteers (n=22) with chronic hemiparesis caused by stroke. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters. Results The use of an ankle Weight showed an increase in the stance phase percentage of gait cycle (3%, P =.015) when compared with no Weight. However, the difference was not significant after a Bonferroni adjustment was applied for a more stringent statistical analysis. No significant differences were found in cadence and stride length. The use of an ankle Weight showed a significant decrease of the peak hip flexion (7.9%, P =.001) of the affected limb as compared with no Weight condition. This decrease was marked as the reduction of unwanted limb flotation because people poststroke typically show excessive hip flexion of the paretic leg in the late swing phase followed by fluctuating hip movements during aquatic treadmill walking. The frontal and transverse plane hip motions did not show any significant differences but displayed a trend of a decrease in the peak hip abduction during the swing phase with additional Weights. The use of additional Weight did not alter sagittal plane kinematics of the knee and ankle joints. Conclusions The use of applied Weight on the affected limb can reduce unwanted limb flotation on the paretic side during aquatic treadmill walking. It can also assist the stance stability by increasing the stance phase percentage closer to 60% of gait cycle. Both findings can contribute to the development of more efficient motor patterns in gait training for people poststroke. The use of a Cuff Weight does not seem to reduce the limb circumduction during aquatic treadmill walking.