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Mark W Sutherland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) Culms exhibiting premature senescence (dead heads) associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2020Co-Authors: Noel L Knight, Bethany Macdonald, Cassy Percy, Mark W SutherlandAbstract:Hexaploid spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) may exhibit significant crown rot disease responses to infection by Fusarium pseudograminearum , with a range of susceptibility levels available in commercial cultivars. Dry conditions during grain-fill may lead to the expression of prematurely senescing Culms, which typically fail to set grain. Assessment of hexaploid spring wheat plants exhibiting both non-senescent and prematurely senescent Culms was performed using visual discolouration, F. pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown and at the peduncle. Samples from six commercial cultivars were collected at milk development in 2014 from Narrabri and Tamworth, New South Wales and Wellcamp, Queensland. Prematurely senescent Culms exhibited greater visual discolouration, F. pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation than non-senescent Culms in each cultivar. A further comparison of the parameters across four time points from milk development, when senescent Culms are first observed, to maturity was conducted for cultivar Sunlin. F. pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation were significantly different between culm conditions prior to maturation, while visual discolouration was not significantly different between culm conditions at any single time point. Colonisation of xylem and phloem tissue was extensive in the basal portions of prematurely senescent Culms (36 to 99%) prior to maturation, and suggests significant impacts on water and nutrient movement during crown rot disease. Despite a range of resistance ratings being assessed, cultivars were not reliably separated based upon responses to severe disease pressure, demonstrating the continuing need for improved crown rot resistance in commercial wheat.
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disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat triticum aestivum Culms exhibiting premature senescence dead heads associated with fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Noel L Knight, Bethany Macdonald, C D Percy, Mark W SutherlandAbstract:Hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) may exhibit significant crown rot disease responses to infection by Fusarium pseudograminearum, with a range of susceptibility levels available in commercial cultivars. Dry conditions during grain-fill may lead to the expression of prematurely senescing Culms, which typically fail to set grain. Assessment of hexaploid spring wheat plants exhibiting both non-senescent and prematurely senescent Culms was performed using visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, vascular colonisation and quantification of wheat DNA in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown and at the peduncle. A comparison of these parameters at four time points from milk development, when senescent Culms are first observed, to maturity was conducted. Samples from six commercial cultivars were collected in 2014 from Narrabri and Tamworth, New South Wales and Wellcamp, Queensland. Prematurely senescent Culms exhibited greater visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation than non-senescent Culms in each cultivar. Colonisation of xylem and phloem tissue was extensive in the basal portions of prematurely senescent Culms (36 to 99%), and suggests significant impacts on water and nutrient movement during crown rot disease. Maturation coincided with significant changes in Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation. Wheat DNA content varied among cultivars, culm conditions, culm sections and sampling times. The variation in the severity of disease states between Culms of the same plant suggests that the timing of initiation of infection in individual Culms may vary.
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colonization of durum wheat triticum turgidum l var durum Culms exhibiting premature senescence dead heads associated with fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot
Plant Disease, 2017Co-Authors: Noel L Knight, Bethany Macdonald, Mark W SutherlandAbstract:Fusarium crown rot is a significant disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), which exhibits high levels of disease susceptibility. The most extreme symptom of crown rot is a prematurely senescing culm which typically fails to set grain. Individual crown rot-affected durum wheat plants displaying both non-senescent and prematurely senescent Culms were harvested to compare visual discoloration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonization in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown. Field samples of EGA Bellaroi were collected at Wellcamp, Queensland, in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, and of Hyperno at Narrabri, New South Wales, in 2014. Prematurely senescent Culms exhibited greater visual discoloration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonization than non-senescent Culms in each year they were examined. The extent of these differences varied between environments and timing of collection in each year. Vascular colonization initially occurred in xylem vessels and spread into phloem tissues as disease severity increased. The increased presence of hyphae in vascular bundles of prematurely senescing Culms provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that restriction of water and nutrient movement in a diseased culm is a key factor in crown rot severity.
Noel L Knight - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) Culms exhibiting premature senescence (dead heads) associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2020Co-Authors: Noel L Knight, Bethany Macdonald, Cassy Percy, Mark W SutherlandAbstract:Hexaploid spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) may exhibit significant crown rot disease responses to infection by Fusarium pseudograminearum , with a range of susceptibility levels available in commercial cultivars. Dry conditions during grain-fill may lead to the expression of prematurely senescing Culms, which typically fail to set grain. Assessment of hexaploid spring wheat plants exhibiting both non-senescent and prematurely senescent Culms was performed using visual discolouration, F. pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown and at the peduncle. Samples from six commercial cultivars were collected at milk development in 2014 from Narrabri and Tamworth, New South Wales and Wellcamp, Queensland. Prematurely senescent Culms exhibited greater visual discolouration, F. pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation than non-senescent Culms in each cultivar. A further comparison of the parameters across four time points from milk development, when senescent Culms are first observed, to maturity was conducted for cultivar Sunlin. F. pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation were significantly different between culm conditions prior to maturation, while visual discolouration was not significantly different between culm conditions at any single time point. Colonisation of xylem and phloem tissue was extensive in the basal portions of prematurely senescent Culms (36 to 99%) prior to maturation, and suggests significant impacts on water and nutrient movement during crown rot disease. Despite a range of resistance ratings being assessed, cultivars were not reliably separated based upon responses to severe disease pressure, demonstrating the continuing need for improved crown rot resistance in commercial wheat.
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disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat triticum aestivum Culms exhibiting premature senescence dead heads associated with fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Noel L Knight, Bethany Macdonald, C D Percy, Mark W SutherlandAbstract:Hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) may exhibit significant crown rot disease responses to infection by Fusarium pseudograminearum, with a range of susceptibility levels available in commercial cultivars. Dry conditions during grain-fill may lead to the expression of prematurely senescing Culms, which typically fail to set grain. Assessment of hexaploid spring wheat plants exhibiting both non-senescent and prematurely senescent Culms was performed using visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, vascular colonisation and quantification of wheat DNA in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown and at the peduncle. A comparison of these parameters at four time points from milk development, when senescent Culms are first observed, to maturity was conducted. Samples from six commercial cultivars were collected in 2014 from Narrabri and Tamworth, New South Wales and Wellcamp, Queensland. Prematurely senescent Culms exhibited greater visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation than non-senescent Culms in each cultivar. Colonisation of xylem and phloem tissue was extensive in the basal portions of prematurely senescent Culms (36 to 99%), and suggests significant impacts on water and nutrient movement during crown rot disease. Maturation coincided with significant changes in Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation. Wheat DNA content varied among cultivars, culm conditions, culm sections and sampling times. The variation in the severity of disease states between Culms of the same plant suggests that the timing of initiation of infection in individual Culms may vary.
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colonization of durum wheat triticum turgidum l var durum Culms exhibiting premature senescence dead heads associated with fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot
Plant Disease, 2017Co-Authors: Noel L Knight, Bethany Macdonald, Mark W SutherlandAbstract:Fusarium crown rot is a significant disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), which exhibits high levels of disease susceptibility. The most extreme symptom of crown rot is a prematurely senescing culm which typically fails to set grain. Individual crown rot-affected durum wheat plants displaying both non-senescent and prematurely senescent Culms were harvested to compare visual discoloration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonization in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown. Field samples of EGA Bellaroi were collected at Wellcamp, Queensland, in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, and of Hyperno at Narrabri, New South Wales, in 2014. Prematurely senescent Culms exhibited greater visual discoloration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonization than non-senescent Culms in each year they were examined. The extent of these differences varied between environments and timing of collection in each year. Vascular colonization initially occurred in xylem vessels and spread into phloem tissues as disease severity increased. The increased presence of hyphae in vascular bundles of prematurely senescing Culms provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that restriction of water and nutrient movement in a diseased culm is a key factor in crown rot severity.
Bethany Macdonald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) Culms exhibiting premature senescence (dead heads) associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2020Co-Authors: Noel L Knight, Bethany Macdonald, Cassy Percy, Mark W SutherlandAbstract:Hexaploid spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) may exhibit significant crown rot disease responses to infection by Fusarium pseudograminearum , with a range of susceptibility levels available in commercial cultivars. Dry conditions during grain-fill may lead to the expression of prematurely senescing Culms, which typically fail to set grain. Assessment of hexaploid spring wheat plants exhibiting both non-senescent and prematurely senescent Culms was performed using visual discolouration, F. pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown and at the peduncle. Samples from six commercial cultivars were collected at milk development in 2014 from Narrabri and Tamworth, New South Wales and Wellcamp, Queensland. Prematurely senescent Culms exhibited greater visual discolouration, F. pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation than non-senescent Culms in each cultivar. A further comparison of the parameters across four time points from milk development, when senescent Culms are first observed, to maturity was conducted for cultivar Sunlin. F. pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation were significantly different between culm conditions prior to maturation, while visual discolouration was not significantly different between culm conditions at any single time point. Colonisation of xylem and phloem tissue was extensive in the basal portions of prematurely senescent Culms (36 to 99%) prior to maturation, and suggests significant impacts on water and nutrient movement during crown rot disease. Despite a range of resistance ratings being assessed, cultivars were not reliably separated based upon responses to severe disease pressure, demonstrating the continuing need for improved crown rot resistance in commercial wheat.
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disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat triticum aestivum Culms exhibiting premature senescence dead heads associated with fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Noel L Knight, Bethany Macdonald, C D Percy, Mark W SutherlandAbstract:Hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) may exhibit significant crown rot disease responses to infection by Fusarium pseudograminearum, with a range of susceptibility levels available in commercial cultivars. Dry conditions during grain-fill may lead to the expression of prematurely senescing Culms, which typically fail to set grain. Assessment of hexaploid spring wheat plants exhibiting both non-senescent and prematurely senescent Culms was performed using visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, vascular colonisation and quantification of wheat DNA in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown and at the peduncle. A comparison of these parameters at four time points from milk development, when senescent Culms are first observed, to maturity was conducted. Samples from six commercial cultivars were collected in 2014 from Narrabri and Tamworth, New South Wales and Wellcamp, Queensland. Prematurely senescent Culms exhibited greater visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation than non-senescent Culms in each cultivar. Colonisation of xylem and phloem tissue was extensive in the basal portions of prematurely senescent Culms (36 to 99%), and suggests significant impacts on water and nutrient movement during crown rot disease. Maturation coincided with significant changes in Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation. Wheat DNA content varied among cultivars, culm conditions, culm sections and sampling times. The variation in the severity of disease states between Culms of the same plant suggests that the timing of initiation of infection in individual Culms may vary.
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colonization of durum wheat triticum turgidum l var durum Culms exhibiting premature senescence dead heads associated with fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot
Plant Disease, 2017Co-Authors: Noel L Knight, Bethany Macdonald, Mark W SutherlandAbstract:Fusarium crown rot is a significant disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), which exhibits high levels of disease susceptibility. The most extreme symptom of crown rot is a prematurely senescing culm which typically fails to set grain. Individual crown rot-affected durum wheat plants displaying both non-senescent and prematurely senescent Culms were harvested to compare visual discoloration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonization in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown. Field samples of EGA Bellaroi were collected at Wellcamp, Queensland, in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, and of Hyperno at Narrabri, New South Wales, in 2014. Prematurely senescent Culms exhibited greater visual discoloration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonization than non-senescent Culms in each year they were examined. The extent of these differences varied between environments and timing of collection in each year. Vascular colonization initially occurred in xylem vessels and spread into phloem tissues as disease severity increased. The increased presence of hyphae in vascular bundles of prematurely senescing Culms provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that restriction of water and nutrient movement in a diseased culm is a key factor in crown rot severity.
Paul Goetghebeur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Variability in fibre and parenchyma cell walls of temperate and tropical bamboo Culms of different ages
Wood Science and Technology, 2006Co-Authors: Bieke Lybeer, Joris Acker, Paul GoetghebeurAbstract:This study tries to clarify the conflicting results from previous studies on cell wall thickening in bamboo Culms by applying light and transmission electron microscopy in combination with image analysis. It focused on both fibre and parenchyma wall thickness of both temperate ( Phyllostachys spp.) and tropical ( Gigantochloa levis and Dendrocalamus asper ) bamboo species of different ages in the light of their suitability for the wood industry. The observations indicated a great heterogeneity in cell wall thickness and cell wall layering pattern of fibres within one culm. Nested design ANOVA’s revealed a rising trend in wall thickness of late maturing fibres and parenchyma cells during the first year but significant wall thickening during later years could not be demonstrated. The high variability within one culm and between Culms of the same age from 1 year on is partly masking a clear increased cell wall thickening at higher age. Nevertheless, the highest mean values for fibre wall thickness were recorded in Culms of 44 months old or older, suggesting that some kind of late cell wall maturing can take place within one culm.
Dirk Hölscher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spring leafing phenology favors younger Culms of moso bamboo aspects from water use relations
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020Co-Authors: Tingting Mei, Dongming Fang, Xiang Liu, Guomo Zhou, Yongjun Shi, Frank Berninger, Dirk HölscherAbstract:As the most widely distributed giant running bamboo species in China, Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) can accomplish both development of newly sprouted Culms and leaf renewal of odd-year-old Culms within a few months in spring. The two phenological events in spring may together change water distribution among Culms in different age categories within a stand, which may differ from our conventional understanding of the negative age effect on bamboo water use. Therefore, to explore the effect of spring shooting and leaf phenology on age-specific water use of Moso bamboo and potential water redistribution, we monitored water use of four culm age categories (newly sprouted, 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old; namely A0, A1, A2, A3) in spring from March to June 2018. For newly sprouting Culms, the spring phenological period was classified into five stages (incubation, culm-elongation, branch-development, leafing, established). Over these phenological stages, age-specific accumulated sap flux density showed different patterns. The oldest Culms, A3, were not influenced by leaf renewal and kept nearly constant and less water use than the other aged Culms. However, A2, which did not renew their leaves, had the most water use at the two initial stages (incubation, culm-elongation) but consumed less water than A0 and A1 after the fourth stage (leafing). At the end of June, water use of the four age categories sorted in order of A0 > A1 > A2 > A3, which confirms the conventional thought and observations, i.e., a negative age effect. The results indicate that new leaf flushing may benefit younger Culms (A1 and A0) more than older Culms (A2 and A3), i.e., increasing their transpiration response to radiation and share of the stand transpiration. With the underground connected rhizome system, the bamboo stand as an integration seems to balance its water use among Culms of different ages to support the water use of freshly sprouted Culms during their developing period.
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Water Transfer Between Bamboo Culms in the Period of Sprouting.
Frontiers in plant science, 2019Co-Authors: Dongming Fang, Tingting Mei, Alexander Röll, Dirk HölscherAbstract:Bamboo Culms are connected to neighboring Culms via rhizomes, which enable resource exchange between Culms. We assessed water transfer between established and neighboring, freshly sprouted Culms by thermal dissipation probes inserted into Culms and the connecting rhizome. During the early phase of sprouting, highest sap flux densities in freshly sprouted Culms were observed at night, whereas neighboring established Culms had high sap flux densities during daytime. After leaf flushing on freshly sprouted Culms, the nighttime peaks disappeared and Culms switched to the diurnal sap flux patterns with daytime maxima as observed in established Culms. Thermal dissipation probes in rhizomes indicated water flowing from the established to the freshly sprouted Culms. When the established Culms of a clump were cut, freshly sprouted Culms without leaves reduced sap flux densities rates by 79%. Our findings thus suggest that bamboos exchange water via rhizomes and that nighttime fluxes are highly important for the support of freshly sprouted Culms. The (water) resource support may facilitate the very fast growth of the bamboo shoots, and enable the colonizing of new places.