The Experts below are selected from a list of 306 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Shimon Glick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Kathleen Banks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Are Inferential Reading Items More Susceptible to Cultural Bias Than Literal Reading Items
    Applied Measurement in Education, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kathleen Banks
    Abstract:

    The purpose of this article is to illustrate a seven-step process for determining whether inferential reading items were more susceptible to Cultural Bias than literal reading items. The seven-step process was demonstrated using multiple-choice data from the reading portion of a reading/language arts test for fifth and seventh grade Hispanic, Black, and White examinees. The process began at the broadest level of analyzing bundles of items for differential bundle functioning and finished at the narrowest level of analyzing individual items for differential distractor functioning. Some evidence was found to indicate that inferential items are more susceptible to Cultural Bias than literal items. Implications of the results are discussed, and suggestions for item writers and test developers are given.

  • A Comprehensive Framework for Evaluating Hypotheses About Cultural Bias in Educational Testing
    Applied Measurement in Education, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kathleen Banks
    Abstract:

    The purpose of this article is to present a working definition of the term culture, as well as to describe and demonstrate a comprehensive framework for evaluating hypotheses about Cultural Bias in educational testing. The framework is demonstrated using 5th-grade reading and language arts data from the Terra Nova test (CTB/ McGraw-Hill, 1999). The example begins at the broadest level of analyzing bundles of items that are thought to illustrate aspects of the Hispanic or Black cultures in the correct or incorrect option and reduces to the analysis of individual distractors. The results show that although Hispanic and Black examinees did not differ from matched White examinees in their bundle scores, Black examinees were differentially drawn to incorrect options that illustrated aspects of their culture in comparison to matched White examinees. Implications of the results are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research.

Willem Fetter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cultural Bias in the aap s 2012 technical report and policy statement on male circumcision
    Pediatrics, 2013
    Co-Authors: Morten Frisch, Y Aigrain, Vidmantas Barauskas, Ragnar Bjarnason, Suanna Boddy, Piotr Czauderna, Robert P E De Gier, Tom P V M De Jong, Gunter Fasching, Willem Fetter
    Abstract:

    The American Academy of Pediatrics recently released its new Technical Report and Policy Statement on male circumcision, concluding that current evidence indicates that the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks. The technical report is based on the scrutiny of a large number of complex scientific articles. Therefore, while striving for objectivity, the conclusions drawn by the 8 task force members reflect what these individual physicians perceived as trustworthy evidence. Seen from the outside, Cultural Bias reflecting the normality of nontherapeutic male circumcision in the United States seems obvious, and the report's conclusions are different from those reached by physicians in other parts of the Western world, including Europe, Canada, and Australia. In this commentary, a different view is presented by non-US-based physicians and representatives of general medical associations and societies for pediatrics, pediatric surgery, and pediatric urology in Northern Europe. To these authors, only 1 of the arguments put forward by the American Academy of Pediatrics has some theoretical relevance in relation to infant male circumcision; namely, the possible protection against urinary tract infections in infant boys, which can easily be treated with antibiotics without tissue loss. The other claimed health benefits, including protection against HIV/AIDS, genital herpes, genital warts, and penile cancer, are questionable, weak, and likely to have little public health relevance in a Western context, and they do not represent compelling reasons for surgery before boys are old enough to decide for themselves.

  • Cultural Bias in the AAP’s 2012 Technical Report and Policy Statement on Male Circumcision
    Pediatrics, 2013
    Co-Authors: Morten Frisch, Y Aigrain, Vidmantas Barauskas, Ragnar Bjarnason, Suanna Boddy, Piotr Czauderna, Robert P E De Gier, Tom P V M De Jong, Gunter Fasching, Willem Fetter
    Abstract:

    The American Academy of Pediatrics recently released its new Technical Report and Policy Statement on male circumcision, concluding that current evidence indicates that the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks. The technical report is based on the scrutiny of a large number of complex scientific articles. Therefore, while striving for objectivity, the conclusions drawn by the 8 task force members reflect what these individual physicians perceived as trustworthy evidence. Seen from the outside, Cultural Bias reflecting the normality of nontherapeutic male circumcision in the United States seems obvious, and the report's conclusions are different from those reached by physicians in other parts of the Western world, including Europe, Canada, and Australia. In this commentary, a different view is presented by non-US-based physicians and representatives of general medical associations and societies for pediatrics, pediatric surgery, and pediatric urology in Northern Europe. To these authors, only 1 of the arguments put forward by the American Academy of Pediatrics has some theoretical relevance in relation to infant male circumcision; namely, the possible protection against urinary tract infections in infant boys, which can easily be treated with antibiotics without tissue loss. The other claimed health benefits, including protection against HIV/AIDS, genital herpes, genital warts, and penile cancer, are questionable, weak, and likely to have little public health relevance in a Western context, and they do not represent compelling reasons for surgery before boys are old enough to decide for themselves.

Seoyong Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cultural CONSTRUCTION OF WHAT?: STAKEHOLDERS' Cultural Bias AND ITS EFFECT ON ACCEPTANCE OF A NEW PUBLIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
    International Review of Public Administration, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sunhee Kim, Seoyong Kim
    Abstract:

    This study examines stakeholders’ Cultural Bias and its impact on the acceptance of a new public information system. Different attitudes toward the same information technology, the National Educational Information System (NEIS), brought out social conflicts in Korea. This article argues that social relations and Cultural Biases influenced stakeholders’ positions in this policy conflict. Our analysis begins by reviewing Cultural Theory, developed by Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky. Then we show how, to a large extent, four Cultural Biases (hierarchy, egalitarianism, individualism, and fatalism) are supported by five stakeholder groups (three teacher groups, bureaucrats, and private system developers). Finally we find that, having different Cultural Biases, the five groups show different attitudes toward technology acceptance and risk perception as well as different emotional responses. Our analysis is based on empirical survey data from 628 employees sampled from five stakeholder groups.

  • Irresolvable Cultural conflicts and conservation/development arguments: Analysis of Korea’s Saemangeum project
    Policy Sciences, 2003
    Co-Authors: Seoyong Kim
    Abstract:

    This paper examines, through argument analysis & grid-group model, how Cultural Bias, as the frame of reference of an advocacy coalition (AC), brings about irresolvable conflicts and produces divided arguments between coalitions for development and conservation in Korea’s Saemangeum project. Based on different Cultural Biases, two ACs – the advocacy coalition for development (ACD) and the advocacy coalition for conservation (ACC) – interpreted the same facts differently in line with their Cultural orientations and ways of life. The dynamic argument patterns reflected each coalition’s Cultural Bias, which restricted the frame of reference of actors in each AC. After reviewing argument analysis as an analytic tool, we introduce Cultural theory in which ways of life, consisting of Cultural Biases and social relations, amplify the irresolvable conflicts between two ACs. Second, to show the Culturally constructed nature of the conflicts, we analyze the contrasting arguments between the ACD (dominated by a hierarchy Bias) and ACC (led by egalitarianism) in the Saemangeum project. Third, we discuss the implications of Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky’s Cultural theory to advocacy coalition framework (ACF) as follows: 1) constraining effects on inter-coalitional learning by Cultural Biases, 2) coexistence of different solidarities under a coalition, and 3) asymmetric relationships between parties in a coalition.

  • irresolvable Cultural conflicts and conservation development arguments analysis of korea s saemangeum project
    Policy Sciences, 2003
    Co-Authors: Seoyong Kim
    Abstract:

    This paper examines, through argument analysis & grid-group model, how Cultural Bias, as the frame of reference of an advocacy coalition (AC), brings about irresolvable conflicts and produces divided arguments between coalitions for development and conservation in Korea’s Saemangeum project. Based on different Cultural Biases, two ACs – the advocacy coalition for development (ACD) and the advocacy coalition for conservation (ACC) – interpreted the same facts differently in line with their Cultural orientations and ways of life. The dynamic argument patterns reflected each coalition’s Cultural Bias, which restricted the frame of reference of actors in each AC. After reviewing argument analysis as an analytic tool, we introduce Cultural theoryin which ways of life, consisting of Cultural Biases and social relations, amplify the irresolvable conflicts between two ACs. Second, to show the Culturally constructed nature of the conflicts, we analyze the contrasting arguments between the ACD (dominated by a hierarchy Bias) and ACC (led by egalitarianism) in the Saemangeum project. Third, we discuss the implications of Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky’s Cultural theoryto advocacy coalition framework (ACF) as follows: 1) constraining effects on inter-coalitional learning by Cultural Biases, 2) coexistence of different solidarities under a coalition, and 3) asymmetric relationships between parties in a coalition.

Karen Otte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cultural Bias in motor function patterns: Potential relevance for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine
    EPMA Journal, 2021
    Co-Authors: Karen Otte, Tobias Ellermeyer, Masahide Suzuki, Hanna M. Röhling, Ryota Kuroiwa, Graham Cooper, Sebastian Mansow-model, Masahiro Mori, Hanna Zimmermann, Alexander U. Brandt
    Abstract:

    Background Quantification of motor performance has a promising role in personalized medicine by diagnosing and monitoring, e.g. neurodegenerative diseases or health problems related to aging. New motion assessment technologies can evolve into patient-centered eHealth applications on a global scale to support personalized healthcare as well as treatment of disease. However, uncertainty remains on the limits of generalizability of such data, which is relevant specifically for preventive or predictive applications, using normative datasets to screen for incipient disease manifestations or indicators of individual risks. Objective This study explored differences between healthy German and Japanese adults in the performance of a short set of six motor tests. Methods Six motor tasks related to gait and balance were recorded with a validated 3D camera system. Twenty-five healthy adults from Chiba, Japan, participated in this study and were matched for age, sex, and BMI to a sample of 25 healthy adults from Berlin, Germany. Recordings used the same technical setup and standard instructions and were supervised by the same experienced operator. Differences in motor performance were analyzed using multiple linear regressions models, adjusted for differences in body stature. Results From 23 presented parameters, five showed group-related differences after adjustment for height and weight ( R ^2 between .19 and .46, p.5) for performance of short comfortable and maximum speed walks. For results of posturography, regression models did not reveal effects of group or body stature. Conclusions Our results support the existence of a population-specific Bias in motor function patterns in young healthy adults. This needs to be considered when motor function is assessed and used for clinical decisions, especially for personalized predictive and preventive medical purposes. The Bias affected only the performance of specific items and parameters and is not fully explained by population-specific ethnic differences in body stature. It may be partially explained as Cultural Bias related to motor habits. Observed effects were small but are expected to be larger in a non-controlled cross-Cultural application of motion assessment technologies with relevance for related algorithms that are being developed and used for data processing. In sum, the interpretation of individual data should be related to appropriate population-specific or even better personalized normative values to yield its full potential and avoid misinterpretation.

  • Cultural Bias in motor function patterns: Potential relevance for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine
    The EPMA journal, 2021
    Co-Authors: Karen Otte, Tobias Ellermeyer, Masahide Suzuki, Hanna M. Röhling, Ryota Kuroiwa, Graham Cooper, Sebastian Mansow-model, Masahiro Mori, Hanna Zimmermann, Alexander U. Brandt
    Abstract:

    Quantification of motor performance has a promising role in personalized medicine by diagnosing and monitoring, e.g. neurodegenerative diseases or health problems related to aging. New motion assessment technologies can evolve into patient-centered eHealth applications on a global scale to support personalized healthcare as well as treatment of disease. However, uncertainty remains on the limits of generalizability of such data, which is relevant specifically for preventive or predictive applications, using normative datasets to screen for incipient disease manifestations or indicators of individual risks. This study explored differences between healthy German and Japanese adults in the performance of a short set of six motor tests. Six motor tasks related to gait and balance were recorded with a validated 3D camera system. Twenty-five healthy adults from Chiba, Japan, participated in this study and were matched for age, sex, and BMI to a sample of 25 healthy adults from Berlin, Germany. Recordings used the same technical setup and standard instructions and were supervised by the same experienced operator. Differences in motor performance were analyzed using multiple linear regressions models, adjusted for differences in body stature. From 23 presented parameters, five showed group-related differences after adjustment for height and weight (R 2 between .19 and .46, p<.05). Japanese adults transitioned faster between sitting and standing and used a smaller range of hand motion. In stepping-in-place, cadence was similar in both groups, but Japanese adults showed higher knee movement amplitudes. Body height was identified as relevant confounder (standardized beta >.5) for performance of short comfortable and maximum speed walks. For results of posturography, regression models did not reveal effects of group or body stature. Our results support the existence of a population-specific Bias in motor function patterns in young healthy adults. This needs to be considered when motor function is assessed and used for clinical decisions, especially for personalized predictive and preventive medical purposes. The Bias affected only the performance of specific items and parameters and is not fully explained by population-specific ethnic differences in body stature. It may be partially explained as Cultural Bias related to motor habits. Observed effects were small but are expected to be larger in a non-controlled cross-Cultural application of motion assessment technologies with relevance for related algorithms that are being developed and used for data processing. In sum, the interpretation of individual data should be related to appropriate population-specific or even better personalized normative values to yield its full potential and avoid misinterpretation. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-021-00236-3. © The Author(s) 2021.

  • Cultural Bias in motor function patterns potential relevance for predictive preventive and personalized medicine
    The Epma Journal, 2021
    Co-Authors: Karen Otte, Tobias Ellermeyer, Masahide Suzuki, Ryota Kuroiwa, Graham Cooper, Masahiro Mori, Hanna Rohling, Sebastian Mansowmodel, Hanna Zimmermann
    Abstract:

    Background Quantification of motor performance has a promising role in personalized medicine by diagnosing and monitoring, e.g. neurodegenerative diseases or health problems related to aging. New motion assessment technologies can evolve into patient-centered eHealth applications on a global scale to support personalized healthcare as well as treatment of disease. However, uncertainty remains on the limits of generalizability of such data, which is relevant specifically for preventive or predictive applications, using normative datasets to screen for incipient disease manifestations or indicators of individual risks. Objective This study explored differences between healthy German and Japanese adults in the performance of a short set of six motor tests. Methods Six motor tasks related to gait and balance were recorded with a validated 3D camera system. Twenty-five healthy adults from Chiba, Japan, participated in this study and were matched for age, sex, and BMI to a sample of 25 healthy adults from Berlin, Germany. Recordings used the same technical setup and standard instructions and were supervised by the same experienced operator. Differences in motor performance were analyzed using multiple linear regressions models, adjusted for differences in body stature. Results From 23 presented parameters, five showed group-related differences after adjustment for height and weight (R 2 between .19 and .46, p .5) for performance of short comfortable and maximum speed walks. For results of posturography, regression models did not reveal effects of group or body stature. Conclusions Our results support the existence of a population-specific Bias in motor function patterns in young healthy adults. This needs to be considered when motor function is assessed and used for clinical decisions, especially for personalized predictive and preventive medical purposes. The Bias affected only the performance of specific items and parameters and is not fully explained by population-specific ethnic differences in body stature. It may be partially explained as Cultural Bias related to motor habits. Observed effects were small but are expected to be larger in a non-controlled cross-Cultural application of motion assessment technologies with relevance for related algorithms that are being developed and used for data processing. In sum, the interpretation of individual data should be related to appropriate population-specific or even better personalized normative values to yield its full potential and avoid misinterpretation. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-021-00236-3.