The Experts below are selected from a list of 160047 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Heidi Keller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Understanding Cultural Models of Parenting: The Role of IntraCultural Variation and Response Style
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Bettina Lamm, Heidi KellerAbstract:IntraCultural variation and response behavior are understood as integral parts of Cultural Models of parenting that provide independent information. German, Euro-American, and Greek middle-class women representing the independent Cultural model; Cameroonian Nso and Gujarati farming women representing the interdependent Cultural model; and urban Indian, Chinese, Mexican, and Costa Rican women representing an autonomous-related model were recruited. The results confirm that participants with an interdependent Cultural model respond more extremely on the scales, but the expected lower intraCultural variation in this group was confirmed only partially.
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Cultural Models socialization goals and parenting ethnotheories a multiCultural analysis
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: Heidi Keller, Bettina Lamm, Monika Abels, Relindis D Yovsi, Jorn Borke, Henning Jensen, Zaira Papaligoura, Christina Holub, Janet A Tomiyama, Yifang WangAbstract:This study conceptualizes a Cultural model of parenting. It is argued that Cultural Models are expressed in the degree of familism, which informs socialization goals that are embodied in parenting ethnotheories. Three Cultural Models were differentiated a priori: independent, interdependent, and autonomous-related. Samples were recruited that were expected to represent these Cultural Models: German, Euro-American, and Greek middle-class women representing the independent Cultural model; Cameroonian Nso and Gujarati farming women representing the interdependent Cultural model; and urban Indian, urban Chinese, urban Mexican, and urban Costa Rican women representing the autonomous-related model. These a priori classifications were confirmed with data that addressed different levels of the Cultural Models of parenting. The authors further confirmed that socialization goals mediate between broader socioCultural orientations (familism) and parenting ethnotheories concerning beliefs about good parenting. The dat...
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Socialization for Competence: Cultural Models of Infancy
Human Development, 2003Co-Authors: Heidi KellerAbstract:This paper conceptualizes Cultural Models about the developmental period of infancy. The Models are derived from existing literature and our own research. We are especially focusing on observational s
Vivian L Vignoles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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individual and culture level components of survey response styles a multi level analysis using Cultural Models of selfhood
International Journal of Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Peter B Smith, Vivian L Vignoles, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, David Bourguignon, Ragna B Garðarsdottir, Robert Kreuzbauer, Boris Cendales Ayala, Masaki YukiAbstract:Variations in acquiescence and extremity pose substantial threats to the validity of cross-Cultural research that relies on survey methods. Individual and Cultural correlates of response styles when using 2 contrasting types of response mode were investigated, drawing on data from 55 Cultural groups across 33 nations. Using 7 dimensions of self-other relatedness that have often been confounded within the broader distinction between independence and interdependence, our analysis yields more specific understandings of both individual- and culture-level variations in response style. When using a Likert-scale response format, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as similar to others, and where Cultural Models of selfhood favour harmony, similarity with others and receptiveness to influence. However, when using Schwartz's (2007) portrait-comparison response procedure, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant but also connected to others, and where Cultural Models of selfhood favour self-reliance and self-consistency. Extreme responding varies less between the two types of response modes, and is most prevalent among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant, and in cultures favouring self-reliance. As both types of response mode elicit distinctive styles of response, it remains important to estimate and control for style effects to ensure valid comparisons.
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beyond the east west dichotomy global variation in Cultural Models of selfhood
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2016Co-Authors: Vivian L Vignoles, Peter B Smith, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, Roberto Gonzalez, Nicolas Didier, Diego Carrasco, Maria Paz Cadena, Seth J SchwartzAbstract:Markus and Kitayama's (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted Cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-Cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 Cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama's predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse Models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of Cultural Models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecoCultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Beyond the ‘east–west’ dichotomy: Global variation in Cultural Models of selfhood.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2016Co-Authors: Vivian L Vignoles, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, Nicolas Didier, Diego Carrasco, Ellinor Owe, Peter Smith, Robert González, Maria CadenaAbstract:Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted Cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-Cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 Cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse Models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of Cultural Models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecoCultural contexts.
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beyond the east west dichotomy global variation in Cultural Models of selfhood
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2016Co-Authors: Vivian L Vignoles, Peter B Smith, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, Roberto Gonzalez, Nicolas Didier, Diego Carrasco, Ellinor Owe, Maria Paz CadenaAbstract:Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted Cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-Cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 Cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse Models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of Cultural Models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecoCultural contexts.
Rupert Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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individual and culture level components of survey response styles a multi level analysis using Cultural Models of selfhood
International Journal of Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Peter B Smith, Vivian L Vignoles, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, David Bourguignon, Ragna B Garðarsdottir, Robert Kreuzbauer, Boris Cendales Ayala, Masaki YukiAbstract:Variations in acquiescence and extremity pose substantial threats to the validity of cross-Cultural research that relies on survey methods. Individual and Cultural correlates of response styles when using 2 contrasting types of response mode were investigated, drawing on data from 55 Cultural groups across 33 nations. Using 7 dimensions of self-other relatedness that have often been confounded within the broader distinction between independence and interdependence, our analysis yields more specific understandings of both individual- and culture-level variations in response style. When using a Likert-scale response format, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as similar to others, and where Cultural Models of selfhood favour harmony, similarity with others and receptiveness to influence. However, when using Schwartz's (2007) portrait-comparison response procedure, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant but also connected to others, and where Cultural Models of selfhood favour self-reliance and self-consistency. Extreme responding varies less between the two types of response modes, and is most prevalent among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant, and in cultures favouring self-reliance. As both types of response mode elicit distinctive styles of response, it remains important to estimate and control for style effects to ensure valid comparisons.
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beyond the east west dichotomy global variation in Cultural Models of selfhood
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2016Co-Authors: Vivian L Vignoles, Peter B Smith, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, Roberto Gonzalez, Nicolas Didier, Diego Carrasco, Maria Paz Cadena, Seth J SchwartzAbstract:Markus and Kitayama's (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted Cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-Cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 Cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama's predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse Models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of Cultural Models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecoCultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Beyond the ‘east–west’ dichotomy: Global variation in Cultural Models of selfhood.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2016Co-Authors: Vivian L Vignoles, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, Nicolas Didier, Diego Carrasco, Ellinor Owe, Peter Smith, Robert González, Maria CadenaAbstract:Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted Cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-Cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 Cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse Models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of Cultural Models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecoCultural contexts.
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beyond the east west dichotomy global variation in Cultural Models of selfhood
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2016Co-Authors: Vivian L Vignoles, Peter B Smith, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, Roberto Gonzalez, Nicolas Didier, Diego Carrasco, Ellinor Owe, Maria Paz CadenaAbstract:Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted Cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-Cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 Cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse Models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of Cultural Models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecoCultural contexts.
Matthew J Easterbrook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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individual and culture level components of survey response styles a multi level analysis using Cultural Models of selfhood
International Journal of Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Peter B Smith, Vivian L Vignoles, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, David Bourguignon, Ragna B Garðarsdottir, Robert Kreuzbauer, Boris Cendales Ayala, Masaki YukiAbstract:Variations in acquiescence and extremity pose substantial threats to the validity of cross-Cultural research that relies on survey methods. Individual and Cultural correlates of response styles when using 2 contrasting types of response mode were investigated, drawing on data from 55 Cultural groups across 33 nations. Using 7 dimensions of self-other relatedness that have often been confounded within the broader distinction between independence and interdependence, our analysis yields more specific understandings of both individual- and culture-level variations in response style. When using a Likert-scale response format, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as similar to others, and where Cultural Models of selfhood favour harmony, similarity with others and receptiveness to influence. However, when using Schwartz's (2007) portrait-comparison response procedure, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant but also connected to others, and where Cultural Models of selfhood favour self-reliance and self-consistency. Extreme responding varies less between the two types of response modes, and is most prevalent among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant, and in cultures favouring self-reliance. As both types of response mode elicit distinctive styles of response, it remains important to estimate and control for style effects to ensure valid comparisons.
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beyond the east west dichotomy global variation in Cultural Models of selfhood
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2016Co-Authors: Vivian L Vignoles, Peter B Smith, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, Roberto Gonzalez, Nicolas Didier, Diego Carrasco, Maria Paz Cadena, Seth J SchwartzAbstract:Markus and Kitayama's (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted Cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-Cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 Cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama's predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse Models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of Cultural Models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecoCultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Beyond the ‘east–west’ dichotomy: Global variation in Cultural Models of selfhood.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2016Co-Authors: Vivian L Vignoles, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, Nicolas Didier, Diego Carrasco, Ellinor Owe, Peter Smith, Robert González, Maria CadenaAbstract:Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted Cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-Cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 Cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse Models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of Cultural Models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecoCultural contexts.
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beyond the east west dichotomy global variation in Cultural Models of selfhood
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2016Co-Authors: Vivian L Vignoles, Peter B Smith, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, Roberto Gonzalez, Nicolas Didier, Diego Carrasco, Ellinor Owe, Maria Paz CadenaAbstract:Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted Cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-Cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 Cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse Models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of Cultural Models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecoCultural contexts.
Maja Becker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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individual and culture level components of survey response styles a multi level analysis using Cultural Models of selfhood
International Journal of Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Peter B Smith, Vivian L Vignoles, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, David Bourguignon, Ragna B Garðarsdottir, Robert Kreuzbauer, Boris Cendales Ayala, Masaki YukiAbstract:Variations in acquiescence and extremity pose substantial threats to the validity of cross-Cultural research that relies on survey methods. Individual and Cultural correlates of response styles when using 2 contrasting types of response mode were investigated, drawing on data from 55 Cultural groups across 33 nations. Using 7 dimensions of self-other relatedness that have often been confounded within the broader distinction between independence and interdependence, our analysis yields more specific understandings of both individual- and culture-level variations in response style. When using a Likert-scale response format, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as similar to others, and where Cultural Models of selfhood favour harmony, similarity with others and receptiveness to influence. However, when using Schwartz's (2007) portrait-comparison response procedure, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant but also connected to others, and where Cultural Models of selfhood favour self-reliance and self-consistency. Extreme responding varies less between the two types of response modes, and is most prevalent among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant, and in cultures favouring self-reliance. As both types of response mode elicit distinctive styles of response, it remains important to estimate and control for style effects to ensure valid comparisons.
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beyond the east west dichotomy global variation in Cultural Models of selfhood
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2016Co-Authors: Vivian L Vignoles, Peter B Smith, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, Roberto Gonzalez, Nicolas Didier, Diego Carrasco, Maria Paz Cadena, Seth J SchwartzAbstract:Markus and Kitayama's (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted Cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-Cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 Cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama's predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse Models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of Cultural Models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecoCultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Beyond the ‘east–west’ dichotomy: Global variation in Cultural Models of selfhood.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2016Co-Authors: Vivian L Vignoles, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, Nicolas Didier, Diego Carrasco, Ellinor Owe, Peter Smith, Robert González, Maria CadenaAbstract:Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted Cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-Cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 Cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse Models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of Cultural Models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecoCultural contexts.
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beyond the east west dichotomy global variation in Cultural Models of selfhood
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2016Co-Authors: Vivian L Vignoles, Peter B Smith, Maja Becker, Matthew J Easterbrook, Rupert Brown, Roberto Gonzalez, Nicolas Didier, Diego Carrasco, Ellinor Owe, Maria Paz CadenaAbstract:Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted Cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-Cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 Cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse Models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of Cultural Models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecoCultural contexts.